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HISTORY 

Sixty-fir^ Regiment 

Pennsylvania Volunteers 
1861-1865 



UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE REGIMENTAL ASSOCIATION 




The Spirits of all ages after their sun is set, arc gathered into 

one firmament, to shed their unquenchable 

light upon us all. 




A. T. BREWER 

HISTORIAN 



This book is dedicated to the patriotic and 
self-sacrificing people of Pennsylvania, through 
whose generosity it has been produced. 



, 5 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



President Abraham Lincoln 
Col. Oliver H. Rippey . . 
Col. George C. vSpear . . 
LiEuT.-CoL. John W. Crosby 
Col. Robert L. Orr . . . 



. . Frontispiece 

Opposite Page 17 

Opposite Page 50 

Opposite Page 130 

Opposite Page 154 



^^.^ 





A y 



(J\^ 



19 11 
ART ENGRAVING & PRINTING CO. 
Pittsburgh, Pa. 



He is a SLAVE who FEARS to SPEAK 
For the FALLEN and WEAK; 

He is a SLAVE who FEARS TO BE, 
Though in the RIGHT. 

Counted with TWO or THREE. 

- Lowell 



PREFACE. 



The Sixty-first Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers began its brilliant career 
in August. 1861, and ended it June 28, 1865. The men, coming from four different 
sections of the state, widely separated, had little opportunity to perpetuate their ac- 
quaintance, and, having no regimental association they gradually merged into the 
communities whence they came. Now, after the lapse of nearly half a century, stimu- 
lated by a generous law of the state, the survivors are presenting this history' 

Fortunately, the regiment, in all its experience, served with troops in the region 
where the most tremendous operations were conducted of which ample official records 
exist; besides, innumerable accounts have been published, many written by the 
men conspicuous in the services described. From these reliable sources of information, 
supplemented by recollection, by diaries kept during the war, and by various newspaper 
accounts and other publications, it has been comparatively easy to write a history of 
the regiment as an organization composing a part of certain brigades, divisions, corps 
and armies. Such a history is of vast importance to the people of the state and of 
priceless value to the survivors of the regiment, and would richly deserve publication 
in a convenient and accessible form if it went no further. 

But the regiment, from the first to last, had 1987 men, whose heroic deeds gave it 
the fame of which the state is so justly proud. The individual record, the roster as 
it is called, of these men is of great interest and importance to them and their descendants. 
And if the general, regimental and line officers had kept books and records, had made 
reports and statements as required by military regulations, there would be no diffi- 
culty in giving a complete account of the services of each man. But the officers generally 
high and low. upon whom the responsibility rested, paid little attention to what they 
called red tape, and the Government itself shared the indifference, ignoring statutes 
as well as regulations. In fact, the struggle was so great and the number so vast that 
only current, obvious and absolute essentials received official attention. 

The Sixty-first suffered in common with other organizations, leaving the service 
at the end of the war with an imperfect record. Under these conditions, the Govern- 
ment itself not having made a correct record, it is not reasonable to expect the sur- 
vivors to do so after the lapse of over forty years, especially when, for historic purposes, 
the nation is compelled to deny access to its own meager records as improved and 
supplemented since the war closed. Working under the difficulties incident to such a 
situation, the rosters have been prepared and are presented herewith, practically com- 
plete as to field and staff and companies A and D, but defective in greater or less degree 
as to the other companies. 

In preparing the narrative in this volume the historian has reread all the good works 
on the subject with which he is familiar, such as the memoirs of Generals Grant and 
Sheridan. The books of Generals McClellan, Doubleday, Humphreys, Webb, Keifer 
and Horace Porter. The excellent histories by Dr. George T. Stevens, George E. 
Pond. F. W. Palfrey. John C. Ropes, the Count of Paris, and others on the Union side; 
on the Confederate, the works of Generals Longstreet, Johnston and Gordon. Besides, 
much aid has been derived from the material prepared and left by Col. Robert L. Orr. 
The valuable diary of James M. Walker of Company A has been constantly used and 
found reliable in every particular. Major Parsons, Capt. Glenn, Secretary Blair, and 
other members of the regiment, have furnished valuable assistance. Bates' History 
of Pennsylvania Volunteers has been freely used for the roster data and has been drawn 
upon for facts appearing nowhere else. Many references are made to these works and 
frequent quotations therefrom have been made by permission of the publishers. But 



4 SIXTY-FIRST REG I MEN T 

f 
above all, the historian has found the most valuable help in the "Rebellion Records.' 
a stupendous work published by the United States, containing official orders, reports 
and correspondence of the Confederate as well as the vast Union Army. 

The pictures of Colonels Rippey, Spear and Orr, and of Lieutenant-Colonel Crosby 
are all taken from small war-time photographs, faded and dimmed by the flight of 
time. But the record of these brave officers as shown in the rosters is still vivid, and 
will remain unclouded so long as the deeds of heroic patriots are cherished among men 

This history, with many imperfections of which the author is conscious and doubt- 
less many more of which he is not aware, is now submitted in the hope that it will 
furnish in permanent shape a reliable record for the State of Pennsylvania of the regi- 
mental organization and service; and bring to the members of the Sixty-first regiment, 
and their families, a welcome chronicle of valiant service in a great cause through a 
period of depression and triumph, of defeat and victory, to a fame as durable as the 
mountains of the Keystone State. 

THE SIXTY-FIRST PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEER ASSOCIATION 

*H. O. C. Oehmler, President. fW. J. Glenn, Treasurer. 

O. A. Parsons, Vice-President. F. L. Blair, Secretary. 

A. T. Brewer, Historian. 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Co. A— Wm. L. Buchanan Co. F— Geo. B. McKee 

Co. B — Alex. Thompson Co. G — John A. Lepley 

Co. C— Andrew Bingham Co. H— H. K. Tyler 

Co. D— Thomas R. Conner Co. I— A. G. Pratt 

Co. E — Geo. A. Cassidy Co. K — Jos. A. Espy 

fDied August 27, 1908 — Succeeded by Geo. A. Cassidy. 
*Died August_19, 1910. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 
PREPARATION. 



The 61st regiment was authorized July 24, 1861, when Gov. Curtin issued com- 
mission to Rippey appointing him colonel — Mexican War — Other military 
experience — The three months' quota for Pennsylvania — <)lst raised in thirty 
days — Leaving Pittsburg September 1, '61 — Arrival in Washington — Gen. 
Scott — Armed with old muskets — Uniforms — Equipment — First march — 
Washington to Alexandria — Camp Advance near Fort Lyon— Drill and dis- 
cipline — Affection for 63d and 105th P. V. — Good foundation for a great 
career — Fatalities in the month of May — New flag presented — Brilliant 
address of Col. Rippey — March to Mt. Vernon — Orders on dress parade con- 
cerning Forts Henry and Donelson — Brigadier with the suggestive initials 
U. S.— February 19, 1862, left Camp Advance— Consolidation with 23d P. 
V. — Readjustment of Field and Line officers — Arrangement satisfactory to 
both regiments — A representative organization — Lincoln's War order — Army 
advance — Regiment in Graham's brigade. Couch's division — Keye's 4th 
Corps — March to Prospect Hill.Va. — Retirement of the rebels from Manassas — 
Monitor and Merrimac— Regiment returned to Washington — Army to go to 
the Peninsula — Description of that region 11-19 

^ FAIR OAKS. 

CHAPTER II. 

Move to Hampton Roads by water — Waning glory of old Navy — The Monitor^ 
Strength of the army — Move up the Peninsula — Impressive scenes — Warwick 
Court House and river — Yorktown— Siege operations — -First under artillery 
fire — Enemy retreat — Battle of Williamsburg — Fighters come to the front — 
Slow pursuit of the rebels — Reach and cross the Chickahominy — ^Advance to 
Fair Oaks — Battle at that place — Hard knocks for the 61st — A great record 
made for bravery — Rippey killed — All other field officers killed or wounded — 
Most line officers among the killed, wounded or missing — Coolness of Gen. 
Couch — The struggle described — ^Deadly fight over the flag — It goes home 
with Rippey's body — Night of May 31st — June 1st — The killed and wounded — 
Bravery of general officers — Loss of the 61st more than any other regiment- 
List of officers killed — Regiment took into battle 574 men — No just complaint 
for leaving the regiment unsupported — Number Union and Confederates hit 
in every 1000 — -Union loss — Meagerness of official reports — ^Incidents of the 
battle — Bravery and suffering 20-30 

CHAPTER III. 

MALVERN HILL—ANTIETAM 

Wounded of Fair Oaks taken to White House, then north in hospital steamers — 
Astonishing patriotism and generosity of Philadelphia — Loving care of the 
wounded — .\fter the battle of Fair Oaks army occupies same position until 



SIXT Y-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 

June 27, 1862 — The seven days' battle — Hard fighting — Mechanicsville — 
Gaines Mill — Savage Station — Allen's Farm, Peach Orchard, — White Oak 
Swamp — Frazier's Farm — Glendale — Malvern Hill — Night Marches — Hot 
weather — Great trials — Rebels defeated — Loss of the 61st — Army moved to 
Harrison's Landing — Visited by Lincoln — Company elections to fill vacan- 
cies — Move down the Peninsula to Yorktown — Sail for Alexandria — March 
out to Fairfax to support Pope — September 6 move to Maryland — March to 
Antietam — In that battle opposite Dunker Church — Horrors of that bloody 
battle — Loss of the 61st — Total Union loss — Number mortally wounded — ■ 
Served in Couch's division — Gen. Franklin's command — Cases of rigor mortis — 
Pursuing the rebels — Loss at Williamsport, Md. — Lincoln's Emancipation 
Proclamation — Some supplies — A suggestive list — March up to Hancock, Md. 
— First campaign with the 6th Corps — "Only take the top rail" — Removal of 
Gen. McClellan — Sentiment in the army — Details .to bring recruits from 
Harrisburg 31-44 



CHAPTER IV. 

FREDERICKSBURG. 

Gen. Burnside succeeds McClellan — Army has confidence in Lincoln — Move to 
Rappahannock River below Fredericksburg — Snowstorm at Belle Plains — 
Cold Weather — Cross Dec. 12 — Battle on the 13th — Bloody repulse — Heavy 
Union loss in battle — Army recrosses the river going into camp — The Mud 
March — Burnside fails — Blames subordinates — The Light Division — Gen. 
Hooker supersedes Burnside — Lincoln's letter to the new commander — The 
army is satisfied with Hooker — Lincoln reviews the troops 45-50 

CHAPTER V. 

MAR YE 'S HEIGHTS. 

Hooker has 124,500 men — Plans aggressive campaign — Cavalry to operate on Lee's 
communications — Hooker to concentrate at Chancellorsville — 6th Corps to 
take Marye's Heights — Movements begin April 28, 1863 — 61st moves after 
dark — Helps to make pontoon bridge — Crossing the river in face of the enemy 
—Brave and quick work — First bridge laid in 45 minutes — number of bridges 
laid in the campaign — 61st crosses May 1st — Then recrosses — In the evening 
crosses again — Sunday morning May 3d — Waiting for the fog to rise — Marye's 
Heights to be assaulted — Ominous preparation— 61st to lead the corps — The 
regiment strips for the work — Plan of the charge — Cooperative movements — 
Column to move 300 yards crossing a bridge — The regiment moves. Col. 
Spear leading — He is killed — Brave support of Gen. Shaler and his troops — 
The Heights are taken — Heavy loss — Gen. Sedgwick follows the enemy after 
some hours delay — Fight at Salem Church — Hot work May 4th in getting 
back over the river — 6th corps in great peril — Gen. Sedgwick praises the 61st 
— Hooker's fight at Chancellorsville — He is defeated — Partly through famous 
flank movement of Jackson — Rebels concentrate on the 6th corps — Lively 
movements of that corps — Rebels are severely punished — Artillerists mistake - 
— Loss of the 61st — Soldiers' opinion of Hooker — His prestige gone — The 6th 
corps badge— Abohtion of the Light Division .51-58 



PEN N SYLVAN I A VOLUNTEERS 7 

CHAPTER VI. 
GETTSYBURG. 

Composition of the 6th corps— Another move across the Rappahannock— A diver- 
sion which does not divert— June 14, 1863, started for Pennsylvania— Route 
and march described— July 1st, 6th corps is at Manchester— Its famous 
march to Gettysburg— Appearance on that field July 2d— Various positions 
on the field— Fight at Little Round Top— Hard experiences of the army July 
1st— Coffin's description of 6th corps arrival— Pickett's charge— Union vic- 
tory—Places made memorable on the field— Sad fate of Jennie Wade, the 
Union bread-maker— Description of the field— Losses of the 61st— Total loss 
of the army— Following the enemy— Hurrying over the mountain passes- 
Lee retreats into Virginia, July 12 59-69 

CHAPTER VII. 

RAPPAHANNOCK STATION-MINE RUN 

Army moved from Funktown to Berlin where Potomac was crossed— March 
resumed through the Old Dominion toward Warrenton— Objectionable train 
guard duty— Vermont brigade went to New York and on return get an ova- 
tion—Habit of sending 6th corps on special missions— Movement to Culpepper 
—State election— Battle of Chickamauga— Detachment 11th and 12th corps 
—Advance to the Rapidan— Retirement to Centerville— Bristoe Station 
fight— Charge at Rappahannock Station— Quick and brilliant work— Results 
—Mine Run movement— Advance to Robertson's Tavern, crossing Rapidan 
at Jacob's Ford— Cold weather— Strip for a charge— Return to Brandy 
Station— Winter quarters— Cavalry raid— Christian commission— Religious 
mterest— Gen. Grant— Description of Virginia— Culpepper to Richmond- 
Grant's headquarters with the Army of the Potomac 70-78 

CHAPTER VIII. 

WIL DER NESS— SPOTTS YL VA NI A. 

Lincoln's promise to sustain Grant— Strength of the Union Army May 1,1864— 
Gen. Meade retained— Position of the Union and rebel armies— Order to 
advance— Its significant provisions— The 6th corps— Its composition— March 
mto the Wilderness— Incidents— Position on the field— Bloody work— Impene- 
trable forests-Men of the 61st fired 100 rounds-Woods in flames-Smoke— 
Fightmg under Hancock— Advance and retreat— 61st under destructive 
artillery fire— Heavy loss— Hancock's battle the second day— Flank attack 
on the right of the 6th corps— Capture of Gen. Shaler— Heroic resistance- 
Rebels driven back— Neill's brigade on the right— Night attack— Repulsed— 
Loss of the 61st— Gen. Grant on certain features— Signal Service— Telegraph 
—Night of May 7 army moved to Spottsylvania— Night fight on the 8th— 
Death of Adjutant Wilson— 61st suffers from heavy artillery fire— Death of 
Gen. Sedgwick— Other major generals killed in battle— Gen. Wright com- 
mands 6th corps— Brave charge of Gen. Upton— Deadly work every day- 
Grant's letter proposing to fight it out "on that line"— Battle of May 12th— 
The Bloody Angle— A long hard fight— Big tree cut off— Rebels retreat— des- 
. cnption of this fight by general officers— Movements after the 12th— New 
troops— Grant under fire— Fighting by day and marching by night— Losses 
of the 61st— Of the army— In the month 61st lost over 290 79-98 



8 SIXTY-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 

CHAPTER IX. 

COLD HARBOR-FORT STEVENS. 

Two minie balls met — Grim determination of the Union Army — Move to Noi th 
Anna — Peculiar sound effect of artillery fire — Advance toward the Pamunkey 
61st at Hanover Court House — At Cold Harbor — Bloody encounters — Rebels 
are well fortified — Union loss — 61st loss — Work of the cavalry — Sheridan's 
campaigns — Movement to the James River — Long pontoon bridge — Rapid 
work — 61st at Petersburg — March to relief of Gen. Wilson — His cavalry 
raid — 6th corps goes to Washington — Meets the President — Marches to Fort 
Stevens — Fight at that place July r2th — Distinguished spectators — Rebels 
are driven away — Hot pursuit — Heavy loss of the 61st and other commands — 
Graphic descriptions of the battle — Names of killed and wounded in the 61st. 99-109 

CHAPTER X. 

SHENANDOAH VALLEY. 

Marches and countermarches of the 6th Corps in Virginia and Maryland — Ap- 
parently aimless — Great hardships with no advantages — Gen. Sheridan 
assigned to command — His character — -The Shenandoah Valley — Strength and 
composition of Sheridan's army — Rebel army — Movements up and down the 
Valley in August — Fight on the 21st at Flowing Spring — Loss of the 61st — 
Expiration of three years' term and departure for home of those not rein- 
listing — -Regiment reduced to a battalion — Changes in officers — Camp near 
Berryville — Battle of Opequon — March at midnight— Cavalry advance — 
Heroic charge of 2d O. V. C. — Position of the 6th corps — Hard fighting and 
plenty of it — Death of Gen. Russell — Rebels driven off the field — Heavy loss 
of the 61st and of the army — Pursuit the next day to Fisher's Hill — Rebels 
demoralized — Brilliant flank movement routs the rebels and results in Union 
victory — Prisoners and guns captured — Loss of the 61st — Honors for Capt. 
Rhodes of Co. D — The enemy is pushed up the Valley to Harrisonburg — De- 
struction of rebel sources of supply — Sheridan moves back, smoke and flames 
on every side — Cavalry fight at Tom's Brook — Rebels badly defeated — Posi- 
tion of the army at Cedar Creek October 14th —Sheridan ordered to Wash- 
ington — Rebels attack early October 19th — Surprise and disperse left of the 
Union Army — Great fight of the 6th corps for five hours — Sheridan's ride — 
His reception by the troops — Rebels attacked and defeated — Nearly annihi- 
lated — Their loss — Union loss — The 61st in the battle — Its loss — Incidents of 
the remarkable battle — 6th corps divisions fought separately part of the time 
— Sheridan's ride along the infantry line — Force of Sheridan for the last move 
— Sheridan's Ride poem 110-129 

CHAPTER XL 

PETERSBURG-APPOMATTOX. 

The 61st advance to Strasburg after Cedar Creek fight — Where two companies of 
recruits came — Line officers and organization at that time — Lincoln reelected — 
December 9th 61st started back to Petersburg, arriving the 16th — Position 
and work at Petersburg — More recruits March 2d, 1865, making full regi- 
ment — Fight on March 25th, 1865 — Loss of the 61st' — Size of the Confederacy 
in the spring of 1865 — Union and Confederate armies — Grant's principal 



PENN S YL VA N I A V LU NTEERS 9 

generals — Lee's lieutenants — Sheridan's return from the Valley — His battle 

at Five Forks — Rebel works attacked April 2d — Charge of the 6th corps 

Rebel lines broken— Beginning of the end— Gallant work of the 6th corps— 
The 61st had an honorable part — Its losses — Description of its part in the 
charge by Col. Orr— Honors for men of the 61st and promotions — Death of 
Col. Crosby — Loss of the 6th corps — Retreat of the rebels and capture of 
Richmond— Fights in the pursuit of Lee — Sailors Creek— Appotmattox— Lee's 
surrender— 61st presents captured rebel flags— Address of Gen. Meade- 
Grant on his deathbed praises Army of the Potomac — 61st moves to Dan- 
ville — Returns by rail to Richmond — Marches to Washington — Is reviewed 
and mustered out June 28th, 1865 130-145 

CHAPTER XII. 

PEACE. 

61st awakes to find itself famous — Facts about the regiment in Fox's "Regimental 
Losses" — Most officers killed in action — Other honors — List of officers killed 
while commanding the regiment— List of all officers killed— Officers wounded 
—Tables of lo.sses by Company— In each battle— Meager historical informa- 
tion — Fair Oaks reunion — Reception in Richmond — Address of Gen. Keyes — 
List of some men present— Gen. Sedgwick's memorial at Spottsylvania Court 
House — Warm welcome at Fredericksburg — Interesting program May 11th, 
1887— Dedication May 12th — Scenes on the memorable field — The big tree— 
The Bloody Angle— Generals Wright and Getty present — Fox's graphic des- 
cription of the 6th corps— Meeting at Gettysburg and dedication of the regi- 
mental monument — Description — Its inscriptions — Honors to members of the 
61st— Pittsburg reunion January, 1908- Arrangements for regimental history 
— Officers of the association — Work on the history — Death of Col. Glenn — 
Loss to the organization — Col. Glenn was to write account of flags — Work 
incomplete— Description of flags from Bates History furnished by Col. Orr. . 146-158 

Roster ^ 159-225 



Index 



226 




COLONEL O. H. RIPPEY 
Killed at Battle of Fair Oaks, May 31st, 1852 



HISTORY 

SIXTY- FIRST REGIMENT 

PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS 



CHAPTER I. 

PREPARATION. 

"Whenever my country calls upon me, I am 
ready to take my musket on my shoulder." 
1774. George Washington. 

The Sixty-first regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers originated July 
24th, 1861, when Andrew G. Curtin, the War Governor of the State, com- 
missioned Oliver H. Rippey, of Pittsburgh, its first Colonel, and Frank P. 
Robinson, of Allegheny City, its first Lieutenant-Colonel. The former 
had been lieutenant -.colonel of the Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers 
in the three months' service, going to the front April 23rd. 1861, and re- 
turning from Gen. Patterson's Shenandoah Valley Campaign the 23rd of 
July, the day preceding the date of their new commissions for service in 
the three years' regiment, whose number, then written for the first time, 
was destined to appear on every page of important history in the Army of 
the Potomac, until the war was triumphantly ended. 

Col. Rippey had served in the Mexican War, going out in December, 
1846 as a private in Col. Francis M. Wynkoop's First Pennsylvania In- 
fantry, participating in the siege of Vera Cruz, and taking part in General 
Scott's hard fights and signal victories at Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Cheu- 
rubusco, Molina Del Rey, Chapultepec and Mexico City, returning in 
December, 1848. 

With experience in the field equal to any one of his age in 1861, Colonel 
Rippey had all the elements of a good soldier, joined to patriotic zeal as a 
citizen. A trained jurist, he was also a brilliant orator with a sympathetic 
temperament and a strong sense of justice and fair play. He answered the 
timid apprehensions and irresolute demands for peace, because of the Bull 
Run defeat, by promptly re-enlisting for three years before the weary 
victims of that disaster had time to return to their former positions around 
the N.ational Capital. His regiment was for immediate service in the field, 
and the recruiting offices, opened in Pittsburgh and Allegheny, were soon 
thronged with enthusiastic volunteers. 



12 



SIXTY-FIRS T REG I MEN T 



The quota for Pennsylvania in the three months service was 12,500 
men, but before enhstments could be stopped, the State had rushed in 
20,175, far surpassing any other state and furnishing more than one-fifth 
of all the three months volunteers. Of the 500,000 men called by the Pre- 
sident for three years and authorized by Congress in July and August, 
18G1, the number asked of the Keystone State was 82,525; the generous 
response gave the Nation 85,160, including the 61st regiment. 

Under date of August 1st, 1861, the new colonel enrolled about 500 
men, subsequently composing Companies B, C, E, F and K. In the 
meantime, Jacob Creps and John Pollock recruited over one hundred 
men in Indiana County, who were assigned to the 61st, as Company A, 
with Jacob Creps as captian and John Pollock as first lieutenant. At this 
point, when 600 men had enlisted, the regiment was ordered to the front 
to meet the imperative demand for troops, and immediately prepared to 
obey the command, although the organization was incomplete as to field 
staff and line officers, and the men had neither uniforms, arms or camp 
equipment. 

The regiment left Pittsburgh, September 1st, 1861, going over the 
Pennsylvania Railroad to Harrisburg, where a stop of two days occurred, 
some of the men being supplied with uniforms. The command then pro- 
ceeded to the National Capital, passing through Baltimore in the night, 
yelling defiance at that unfortunate city, still suffering from the hostility 
created by the attack April 19th, 1861, on the 6th Massachusetts, while 
that famous regiment was hurrying to the seat of government, then in 
great peril. On arriving in Washington, the 61st camped on Capitol 
Hill, where the Congressional Library now stands. Here the men were 
armed with old smooth-bore muskets, used in the Mexican War, changed 
for percussion caps, the cartridge consisting of one round ball the diameter 
of the bore, three small buckshot, securely wrapped with the powder in 
tough Manila paper, the whole charge making a roll an inch and a half long, 
with the paper neatly folded over the powder end and pressed down along 
the side, ready to be torn off when loading. These guns were carried 
fifteen months and then exchanged for muzzle-loading Springfield rifles. 
While in camp on Capitol Hill, discipline was not strict and the new 
soldiers of the 61st swarmed into the galleries of the Senate and House 
to see and hear the congressional celebrities, gazed in breathless admira- 
tion on the historic paintings in the rotunda, and scanned with respect- 
ful curiosity, such members of the Supreme Court as made their appear- 
ance. Some of the 61st seeing General Scott in a carriage, showed their 
profound respect by removing their hats, wondering if they really beheld 
the hero of Lundy's Lane, the fearless and picturesque Indian fighter, 
the companion in arms of Zachary Taylor, William Henry Harrison and 
Andrew Jackson, the masterly conqueror of Mexico, the man who for 
thirteen years was contemporary of Washington and probably saw the 
Father of His Country many times. The fresh volunteers of the 61st 



PEN N SYLVAN I A VOLUNTEERS 13 

also invaded the various departments, roaming through the White House, 
hoping for a ghmse of Father Abraham. 

This pleasure, however, was soon ended, and the regiment prepared 
for its first march with all the equipment of real soldiers; each man with 
a gun, a cartridge and a cap-box, a canteen, a haversack and a knapsack. 
The start was made from Capitol Hill, the route through the city to 
Long Bridge, across the Potomac and down on the Virginia side to Alex- 
andria. The September day was hot, the roads dusty, the distance in- 
terminable, the new shoes intolerable, except in a few instances where 
they happened to fit. The first Virginia camp was near Fairfax cemetery, 
an ancient burying ground, whose interments were soon outnumbered 
by Union soldiers, who, unable to stand the change of climate, with the 
rigors of camp life, answered the last roll call before meeting the armed 
enemy. In a couple of days the regiment moved below Alexandria, 
taking position on the high ridge near the road leading to Mount Vernon, 
overlooking the Potomac about a mile south of the point where Fort Lyon 
was subsequently built. This location was called Camp Advance, being 
further to the front than any other position held by Union troops in that 
region. The place was well watered, the land undulating and the natural 
woods nearby, afforded a bountiful supply of fuel for the autumn and 
winter, while timber was sufficient for necessary regimental structures 
and for huts which the soldiers soon learned to build with the A camp 
tent for a roof. 

Here the regimenfremained from early October, 1861, until February 
19th, 1862, a period of five months, in which the command received the 
discipline so necessary to make real soldiers effective in the presence of 
the enemy and able to endure the hardships of campaigning without losing 
health or martial spirit. 

Before describing this period of strenuous preparation, wherein the 
true American soldier was evolved from the citizen, it is necessary to have 
a closer view of the regiment as it then existed. The active field officers 
then in service were: Colonel, Oliver H. Rippey; Lieutenant Colonel, 
Frank P. Robinson; Adjutant, W. Gibson Miller; Quarter-Master, Ben- 
jamin W. Baldwin; vSurgeon, Robert M. Tindel; Assistant Surgeon, 
Ambrose I. Hew. 

According to a published order under date of October loth, 1861, 
five Pennsylvania regiments, the 32nd, 45th, 61st, 63rd and 105th, were 
to constitute the 3rd brigade of Heintzelman's division, but the 45th was 
detained elsewhere, and the 32nd was detailed for garrison duty, so that 
the brigade was actually composed of the other three regiments and was 
commanded by Brigadier General Charles D. Jamison, an ideal soldier, 
who soon gained the confidence of his men. The regimental commanders 
were Col. O. H. Rippey, 61st; Col. Alexander Hays, 63d; and Col. A. A. 
McKnight, 105th. The work of seasoning the raw material began at 
once in real earnest. In the forenoon details worked on Fort Lyon, 



14 SIXTY-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 

gaining a knowledge of fortifications, while those remaining in camp were 
engaged in squad and company drill, including exercise in the manual 
of arms. In the afternoon batallion and regimental drills alternated 
with brigade evolutions, including a great variety of field manoeuvers, 
in which the several regiments moved to the front in line of battle and in 
mass, marched by the flank, made charges, formed squares, deployed, 
rallied, advanced, retreated, wheeled, obliqued, encountering obstacles, 
sweeping over fields, crossing ravines, rushing through woods, returning 
to camp in the evening tired and hungry. 

In the meantime the field, staff and line officers were schooled in their 
respective duties, and the non-commissioned officers were carefully taught 
how to do their work. The surgeons and hospital stewards were also 
systematically instructed in their service and the men were thoroughly 
educated in the preparation of food, the care of their clothing, and the 
principles of hygiene. 

Five months of this experience produced three regiments of unsur- 
passed efficiency in campaigning, and in battles their intrepidity was 
displayed on every important field in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsyl- 
vania, all three organizations standing high on the official roll of honor, 
published in 1889. Only 13 regiments out of the whole 2,000 composing 
the Union army stand higher in the per cent of killed in action than the 
63rd, and only 8 regiments had more killed in action than the 105th, 
while the 61st surpassed all other regiments in the number of its officers 
killed in action, and has other special honors of which more will be said 
later. Official figures show these three regiments had 668 men killed in 
battle, saying nothing in this connection about the wounded or those 
dying of disease. 

It appears of record that hard fighting regiments had the smallest 
proportion of losses from sickness, which is confirmed by the history of 
these three Pennsylvania regiments. Three reasons exist for this com- 
parative exemption from fatal disease. 

First: They were drilled in the best methods of taking care of them- 
selves and warding off disease. 

Second : The good discipline of the men extended to quarter masters 
and commissaries, who, in spite of all perils managed to furnish the soldiers 
even on the fighting line, with coffee, bacon and hard tack. 

Third: The qualities which made them famous as fighters, enabled 
them to resist attacks of disease, instead of tamely giving up and lying 
down to die. 

The month of May seemed a fatal one for these three regiments. 
Col. O. H. Rippey of the 61st was killed May 31st, 1862, at Fair Oaks. 
Col. McKnight of the 105th was killed May, 1863, at Chancellorsville, 
and Col. Hays of the 63rd, having reached the rank of brigadier-general, 
was killed in the Wilderness in May, 1864. While the 105th was losing 
its colonel in a charge May 3rd, 1863 at Chancellorsville, the 61st lost Spear, 



PENN SYLVAN I A VO LUN TEERS 15 

its second colonel the same day in a charge on Marye's Heights, at Freder- 
icksburg. These stalwart regiments were separated in the spring of 1862, 
the 63rd and 105th serving thereafter in the famous 3rd Corps, until it 
was consolidated early in 1864 with the still more famous 2nd Corps, and 
then, with that renowned command, under Hancock and others, until 
the war ended; while the 61st went with the 4th Corps to the Peninsula 
and, from the organization of the army under Gen'l. McClellan, for over 
two years composed a part of the "Old 6th, "as it was affectionately called. 
vStill the friendship of the three regiments continued throughout the war 
and each had a warm affection for, and pride in the other, rejoicing in its 
glory and grieving over its losses with all the devotion and tenderness of 
first lovers. 

About December 1st, 1861, a new flag was sent to the 61st from 
Harrisburg and presented by Congressman Wright of Philadelphia. The 
regiment was formed in a hollow square and faced inward. Mr. Wright 
made a patriotic address and then handed the flag to Col. Rippey, who 
accepted it in a burst of thrilling eloquence, still remembered by the 
hearers. Drawing the silk emblem close to him and fondly looking at 
its red and white stripes, its blue field and bright stars, and talking to it, he 
made vows of eternal fidelity, and at the close, with his eyes lifted heaven- 
ward, he exclaimed, "If I forget thee, let my right hand forget her cunning; 
if I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth," 
and then with deep solemnity he declared, "And this pledge is for every 
soldier of the 61st regiment." This promise was sacredly kept, as that 
particular flag, torn and riddled with bullets, its staff shattered to splinters, 
was returned to Harrisburg, where it still exists. The same is true of the 
three other flags entrusted to the 61st. 

One incident of Camp Advance should be mentioned. Late in the 
autumn of 1861, the 61st started early in the morning, marched to Mount 
Vernon, the home of Washington, returning the same day, a distance for 
the round trip, of 16 miles. It was a most impressive experience for 
new soldiers to see the home of the man who was "first in war, first in 
peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen." The premises were 
decaying for want of attention, but the old mansion was yet dignified ani 
stately, commanding a grand view of the peaceful Potomac, and in the 
northeasterly direction the dome of the Capitol rose in majesty and stood 
out, basking in the soft autumnal air. 

Referring to Mt. Vernon and its illustrious owner, the Count of Paris 
makes this interesting observation: "By a strange coincidence the resi- 
dence of the great citizen whose name both parties were invoking, and 
whose memory each was anxious to appropriate, was situated between the 
two lines of out-posts, as if he had hesitated between them, and was still 
endeavoring to reconcile them." 

One of the last events of Camp Advance to make an indelible im- 
pression, occurred at dress parade on the evening of February 17th, 1862, 



16 SIXT y-fIRS T RE CI MEN T 

when Adjutant Miller, in his mangnificent style, read a general order, 
announcing the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson with over 15,000 
prisoners and 172 guns, by the troops under "Brig. Gen. U. S. Grant." 
It was our introduction to the Galena tanner with the suggestive initials 
which stood for "unconditional surrender," for "Uncle Sam" and for 
"United States." We liked him, but never supposed he would be in 
Virginia in two years, hurling us against Lee in the Wilderness and at 
vSpottsylvania, and proposing to "fight it out on this line if it takes all 
summer." 

Under date of February 6th, 1862, the Medical Director of the Army 
of the Potomac made a report of the number and physical condition of 
all regiments in which he gave the "mean strength" of the 61st at 579, its 
"total sick" at 26, the "percentage" being 4.49, the lowest rate in the 
brigade and only a little over half the average. 

On February 19, 1862, the 61st was detached from Jamison's brigade 
and marched to Washington across Long Bridge, camping on Queens 
Farm near Bladensburg, under command, temporarily, of General Don 
Carlos Buell. The 61st was greatly disturbed at this time because of an 
order that all regiments having less than 800 men should be disbanded 
and distributed to other organizations, but this humiliation for the 61st 
was avoided by an arrangement which proved fortunate for the Service 
and satisfactory to the men. The 23rd Pennsylvania, Col. D. B, Birney, 
had fifteen companies, and a plan was negotiated by which four of these 
companies were transferred to the 61st, raising its e.rength to the legal 
requirement and leaving the 23rd all the men it could lawfully muster for 
pay. The consolidation was highly gratifying to the 6 1st, and the trans- 
ferred companies, after getting acquainted, were entirely satisfied. Rippey 
retained his rank as Colonel; Major George C. Spear of the 23rd, became 
Lieutenant-colonel of the 61st, Robinson having resigned, and Captain 
George F. Smith Major of the 61st. The other field officers of the 61st 
remained as before. In the consolidated regiment, the original 61st men 
still composed Companies A, B, C, E, F and K, while the men from the 
23rd formed Companies D, G, H and I, no changes being made in the 
company organizations. Company D was recruited in Luzerne County, 
the other three companies coming from Philadelphia. The regiment thus 
formed represented the Keystone State, Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, the 
two leading cities of the east and the west, contributing eight companies; 
Luzerne County, the anthracite coal region, furnished Company D; while 
Indiana County, the lumber and bituminous coal section, gave Company 
A. The companies from the 23rd had been well drilled in all military 
requirements and the officers and men were good soldiers, fully worthy 
of their comrades from the western slope of the Allegheny Mountains. 

On March 8th, 1862, President Lincoln issued "War Order No. 2," 
directing that the troops around Washington be divided into five corps 
of three divisions each, and naming the corps commanders. In com-- 



PENNS YLVANI A VO LUN TEE RS 17 

pliance with this instruction, Gen. George B. McClellan commanding the 
Army of the Potomac, on March 13th, 1862, issued an order, forming 
the five corps as follows : First, McDowell ; second, vSumncr ; third, Hcintzel- 
man; fourth, Keyes; fifth. Banks. The fourth corps was composed of 
the divisions of Couch, W. F. Smith, and Casey; the 61st being assigned 
to Graham's Brigade of Couch's division. This brigade consisted of the 
following regiments, 65th and 67th New York, 23rd, 31st and 61st Penn- 
sylvania. Couch's division had four batteries of artillery of four guns 
each. It had fourteen regiments of infantry; two brigades, having five 
regiments each, and the other four. 

The Army of the Potomac is now to begin its three year period of 
unfaltering struggle, of ceaseless carnage, of fadeless glory. Its marches, 
sieges, battles in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, are to repel inva- 
sion, destroy the armed enemy and save the Union. To this greatest 
National army the loyal north looks with confidence and stands ready to 
aid it with more men and money. The soldiers are prepared and wait 
impatiently the order to advance, being weary of daily reports in the 
morning papers, "All quiet on the Potomac," and such items as, "General 
McClellan rode out to Fairfax Court House and back to-day," and "z\n 
intelligent contraband reports rebel activity on the Rappahannock," 

Two important events now stirred the people north and south, in and 
out of the armies. The rebel forces had successfully retired across the 
Rappahannock on March 8th, 1862. The next day, March 9th, the famous 
naval battle was fought at Hampton Roads, between the Monitor and 
the Merrimac, the Union ships Congress, Cumberland, and Minnesota 
being destroyed. The day following, March 10th, the Army of the 
Potomac advanced, Gen. McClellan moving his headquarters to Fairfax 
Court House. On that day the 61st broke camp near Bladensburg in 
the morning and marched through Georgetown, over the Chain Bridge 
and along the Leesburg and Georgetown turnpike to Prospect Hill, a 
distance of sixteen miles. Here, and in camp nearby, the regiment re- 
mained for five days in a severe rain storm, in which the new equipment 
was severely tested, and the soldiers found out how sticky was Virginia 
clay when tramped into mortar, and how perverse camp fires were in damp 
weather, always managing, regardless of wind, to send the smoke into the 
men's faces. On this occasion a ration of whiskey was issued, rarely, if 
ever, to be repeated in the army. Many of the men then tasted liquor 
for the first time. Whiskey became quite common in the army because 
of its extensive use in the hospitals. The 61st returned to its old camp 
near Bladensburg on March 17th, after an absence of a week, in which, 
toward the end, rations ran short, and hungry soldiers were ready to pay 
excessive prices for mince pies, without inquiry as to age or lineage. 

While the 61st was at Prospect Hill, Gen. McClellan, at Fairfax Court 
House, on March 13, aided by a council of war, decided to move his army 
to Fortress Monroe and then up the Peninsula to Richmond, with the 



18 



SIXTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 



York River on his right, as base for supplies. The President, approved 
the plan, and 400 vessels of all kinds soon appeared at Alexandria, to 
transport the army to its new field of operations. 

As the Peninsula campaign is to be memorable in the annals of the 
61st, a brief description of the country is necessary. Fortress Monroe, 
the base of the new movement, is 240 miles from Washington and 92 miles 
by way of Yorktown from Richmond. The lower end of the Peninsula 
is bounded southerly by Hampton Roads, and the James River estuary, 
and southeasterly by Chesapeake Bay and the York River estuar}-, the 
two lower points of land, about three miles apart, being Newport News 
at the mouth of the James, and Old Point Comfort, near Fortress Monroe. 
The Virginia Peninsula is the land between the James and the York Rivers, 
both rivers being real arms of the sea the James to City Point, and the 
York to West Point, the tide and salt water extending to those points. 
York River begins at West Point, where it is formed by the union of the 
Mattapony from the north and the Pamunkey from the northwest. The 
Peninsula proper, ends with a line drawn across from City Point to West 
Point, although the country above, between the James and the Pamunky 
Rivers, including Richmond, is called the Upper Peninsula, while below 
the line, the region is called the Lower Peninsula. This part is flat, and 
both sandy and marshy, intersected by countless bays, thickly wooded 
and thinly peopled, while the upper is richer soil, heavier timber, the 
land more undulating, and the population denser. The width of the Penin- 
sula is from six miles at Yorktown to twenty miles at West Point, and about 
sixteen miles at Richmond. The Chickahominy River, made famous by 
the adventures of Capt. John Smith and the Indian maid Pocahontas, 
divides the upper Peninsula longitudinally. This river, at ordinary 
stages, is unimportant, flowing sluggishly through wooded swamps, 
impenetrable thickets, alternating with groves of tall white oaks. After 
rain storms, the river overflows its banks, forming a sheet of water half 
a mile wide at many points. The York and Pamunky Rivers are navigable 
up to White House Landing, a plantation formerly owned by Mrs. Wash- 
ington, and in war times by General Lee. Gloucester Point, opposite 
Yorktown, was fortified by the rebels so as to obstruct navigation on the 
York River. There was only one railroad on the Peninsula, which ran 
from Richmond by way of White House to West Point. Warwick Creek, 
a swampy stream, taking its rise two miles above Yorktown, runs across 
the Peninsula to the James, entering the latter river perpendicular to its 
course. Yorktown, where Lord Cornwallis surrendered to General 
Washington, is twenty miles from Fortress Monroe and eleven from 
Williamsburg, a former capital of the Virginia Colony, and the seat of 
William and Mary College, the oldest university in America, except 
Harvard, founded during the reign of William and Mary in 1693. The 
original buildings were designed by Sir Christopher Wren. Thomas Jeffer- 
son, James Monroe, John Marshall, John Tyler and Gen. Winfield Scott 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



19 



were graduates of this old university, of which Gen. Washington was 
chancellor from 1788 to 1799, The red brick college buildings in war 
times looked ancient to young soldiers. The first structures, however, 
had nearly all been destroyed by fire and rebuilt. They were seriously 
damaged during the war of the Rebellion but Congress appropriated 
money to repair the buildings during the administration of Benjamin 
Harrison, whose great grandfather lived in Virginia and was one of the 
signers of the Declaration of Independence. The institution, after getting 
the Federal support, continued its honorable career. 





CHAPTER II. 

FAIR OAKS. 

"The 61st Pennsylvania mourn the loss of all 
their field officers, the colonel killed, lieutenant- 
colonel and major wounded and missing. No 
field officer of that regiment being left to make out 
its report, I simply attach a statement of casualties 
at Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, May 31st and June 
1st, 1862." 

John J. Abercrombie. 

Brig. General, commanding brigade in his 
official report dated Camp near Fair Oaks Station, 
Va., June 5th, 1862. 

On March 26, 1862, the 61st moved again, embarking on the leaky 
steamer "Wilson Small" bound for Fortress Monroe. The vessel was 
overloaded and her officers expecting trouble, distributed the soldiers so 
as to trim the boat properly, and stationed watchmen to see that the 
passengers kept still. Fortunately, the weather was good and the trip 
ended in twenty-four hours, the regiment landing at Hampton Roads, 
March 27th, the boat going to the bottom the next day. 

On the morning of March 28th, the scene from Hampton was impres- 
sive. Most of the ancient town had recently been burned and the clouds 
of ascending smoke indicated that the fires were not yet extinguished. 
Half a mile from shore out in the harbor, the wreck of the Cumberland, 
sunk by the Merrimac, was visible, the masts and tangled rigging, above 
the waves, presenting melancholy evidence of the waning glory of the old 
wooden navy. To the left toward Fortress Monroe and out a little further, 
a strange craft appeared. On a flat surface about 200 feet long, sharpened 
at each end, stood a circular structure which seemed to be 20 feet high 
and 30 feet in diameter. It resembled an oil tank and was afterwards 
appropriately called a cheese box. On it stood a man with a telescope, 
pointing across the Roads toward Norfolk, whence had come the Merri- 
mac on March 8th and 9th, and on the latter day, after a four hours fight, 
with the strange craft called the Monitor, the terrible confederate ram, 
retired to appear no more as a fighter. 

The Army of the Potomac now present for duty at Hampton numbered 
102,896. Of this number, 32,924 belonged to the 4th corps; the 61st, 
as before stated, being in Graham's brigade, Couch's division of that corps. 
This corps, soon after landing moved over to a point back of Newport 
News. On April 4, 1862, the army advanced on Yorktown, Couch's 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 21 

and Smith's divisions on the left, marching ten miles and camping for the 
night at Young's Mills near the James River. The 61st was in fine con- 
dition and could have marched ten miles further. 

The natural scenery along the route was enchanting, as the leaves 
were half out and the blossoms were bursting forth with all the brilliant 
hues and tints in that climate of marshy regions, bordering the fresh and 
salt water. The next morning, April 5th, the troops were on the move 
by six o'clock, although the rain came down in torrents, continuing all 
day. The destination that day was Warwick Court House, five miles 
ahead, where the 61st remained that night, except a detachment sent 
down the Warwick river on picket, along with other details from the 
brigade. This old Court House, being the first one, is distinctly remem- 
bered. The building was brick, about twenty-five feet wide and thirty- 
five feet long, one story high. Inside were some old benches, a desk for 
the judge, and a witness box, both elevated about two feet. Near the 
Court House was a brick jail about twelve feet square, with iron bars 
across the door and the one window. No residences were near, and the 
whole county seat seemed to consist of this Court House and jail. Where 
the records of deeds and of judicial and other proceedings incident to 
local government were kept, we did not learn. This old Warwick seat 
of justice may be taken as an example of Virginia Court Houses, so often 
seen by the Union armies during the war, frequently, as at Spottsylvania, 
furnishing the name for great battles. 

On April 6th, the 61st, with other troops, moved near Warwick 
River, toward Lees Mill, where rebel fortifications were encountered and 
active resistance began. At this time the 61st was short of rations for a 
few days, owing to the bad roads back to Hampton, but the men made 
little complaint, believing such experiences unavoidable. The whole 
army was now stopped by the rebel fortifications, which began at York- 
town and extended along the Warwick River to the James, a distance of 
twelve miles. The rebel Gen. J. B. Magruder, an Ex. U. S. officer was in 
command. Warwick River, so-called, was a small creek, starting two 
miles above Yorktown and flowing across the Peninsula to the James. 
Toward the mouth, the stream was broad and deep, having no perceptible 
current except as affected by the tide. At Lees Mill there was a dam, 
and another at Winns Mill farther up. The rebels put in three other dams, 
making the Warwick a slack water stream about fifty feet wide for nearly 
its entire length, and batteries were placed to protect the dams and pre- 
vent the Union army from crossing. Facing these obstructions for ten 
days, the 61st, with other regiments aided in building roads and in keeping 
a close watch along the front, expecting daily to move foward. Mean- 
time batteries were placed in position to bear on the rebel works. On 
April 16th, the Union guns from Yorktown to Lees Mill were opened as 
preliminary to a reconnaissance across the Warwick at dam No. 1 in 
front of vSmith's division, 4th Corps, half way between Lees and Winns 



22 SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

Mills, and half a mile to the right of the position held by the 61st. The 
movement was made by 200 men from the 3rd Vermont and was successful, 
the men rushing through the water waist deep and capturing a rebel 
fort. Not being promptly supported, they fell back, losing half their 
number. In this movement the Vermonters established a reputation 
for gallantry, which was to be confirmed on many a bloody field. General 
Smith, the division commander and veteran of the Mexican War referring 
to the conduct of the Vermonters, said they showed "more individual 
acts of heroism" than he had ever before seen or read of. 

Following this affair, the army settled down to a regular siege by 
means of ditches and parallels, a hundred heavy Parrott guns, mortars 
and howitzers being established opposite Yorktown and along the War- 
wick River. The 4th Corps, Gen. Keyes, was on the left, Sumner's 
second corps in the center, and Heintzelman's third corps on the right, 
extending to the York River. During this period the 61st was in front, 
doing picket duty, much of the time along the Warwick. On one occasion 
a detail was out several days, holding an advanced position near the river, 
but screened by dense foliage. The orders were to make no fires, and for 
a day or two the direction was observed. But about the third day, no 
rebels being in sight the desire for hot coffee obscured the danger and 
weakened the force of military orders. A fire was kindled under a large 
elm tree with spreading branches, the limbs drooping near the ground, so 
as to form a cozy bower with a screen excluding all rebel gaze, even with 
the aid of field glasses. The coffee reached the boiling point, its grateful 
fragrance suggesting how foolish it was to impose such a long fast when 
there was no danger. But the smoke had ascended through the foliage 
informing the rebels that Yankees were under that tree, and the natural 
consequence ensued. Suddenly a rebel battery, across the narrow stream, 
opened and sent its missiles crashing through the tree, one shell before long 
bursting in the branches, sending down a shower of brush and debris into 
the boiling coffee. The fires were extinguished and a good lesson was 
learned as to the necessity of obeying orders, even when they seem un- 
necessary. This was the first experience under artillery fire and satis- 
fied the soldiers that such an entertainment should always be declined. 
The shells, bursting into ragged fragments, differing in size and shape, 
made a hideous noise as they flew through the air, and the ease with which 
limbs were cut off, told plainly what would occur if human bodies were 
struck. Gen. Sherman has truly said that before going under artillery 
fire, one should have his accounts settled with heaven and earth. 

The siege went on without special incident to the 61st until the 
morning of May 4th, when it was discovered the enemy had retreated. 
The 61st, with other troops of the 4th corps, crossed at Lees Mills and 
general pursuit was made at once, which resulted in a heavy skirmish 
that evening at Williamsburg. On the next day, at that place. May 5th, 
a battle was fought, in which the Union loss was 2,228, and the rebel 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 23 

1,560, the enemy retiring in the nigiit toward Richmond. The 61st 
moved on the 5th to the front line, but was not seriously engaged. The 
rebels were fortified and merely fought for time to effect removal of their 
stores further up the Peninsula, while the pursuers hoped to gain decisive 
advantage by crushing the enemy and capturing guns and material. 
General McClellan was not present until the fighting ended, when he 
galloped along the lines, being received with great cheers by the tired 
soldiers. One feature of this battle, in the light of history is worth men- 
tioning. The real fighters of the army were discovered; Hooker, Han- 
cock and Kearney, the latter to lose his life at Chantilly in the following 
September. On the rebel side; Gen. Longstreet was the hero, while the 
two Hills and R. H. Anderson were prominent. 

This battle was the first ordeal for most of the troops engaged on 
both sides. It showed great improvement over Bull Run and was actually 
the beginning of the long struggle between the Army of the Potomac and 
that of Northern Virginia, in which the latter, after unparalleled sacrifices, 
was annihilated. The town of Williamsburg was full of rebel wounded. 
The spacious halls of the College, temporarily converted into a hospital, 
presented painful sights for uninitiated soldiers, and the dead, swollen 
and distorted, were gazed upon with horror. The union army was elated, 
believing a great victory had been won. 

This battle of Williamsburg was fought within five miles of the 
historic site of Jamestown, where the first permanent English settlement 
in the United States had been made in 1607, and the first cargo of slaves 
landed in 1619. On May 8th, 1862, Keyes' corps advanced up the Penin- 
sula, leading the land forces, about half the army going up the York 
River in transports to West Point. The 61st marched on the old mail 
route through Barhamsville, going by Ropers Church and New Kent 
Court House to Bottom's Bridge. By May 20th, the right of the Union 
army at New Bridge was within seven miles of Richmond, and its left 
below Bottom's Bridge on the Chickahominy River was only twelve miles 
from the rebel capital. The 61st was among the first troops to reach 
the Chickahominy, and Companies A and H, Captains Creps and Orr, 
were the first troops across that river, the enemy retiring before them. 
By May 24th, Keyes' corps was over the Chickahominy and on the 25th 
took a position at Seven Pines, on the main turnpike leading to Richmond, 
and nine miles from that city. The 3rd Corps, Heintzelman's, also 
crossed; Hooker's division going southward to guard White Oak Swamp, 
while Kearny's remained in front of Savage's Station. These two corps 
were on the right bank of the river, the other three corps of Sumner's, 
Franklin's and Porter's were on the left bank at Gaines Mill. The con- 
solidated returns of the army show an aggregate of 126,089 officers and 
men present with 280 pieces of field artillery. The two corps in advance, 
over the river, consisted of four divisions of 6,000 to 8,000 each, with 60 
pieces of artillery. The rebels under Gen. J. K. Johnston were very 



24 SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

active, and skirmishing was going on constantly in front. The place 
called Seven Pines is at the junction of the Williamsburg and Richmond 
road with the Nine Mile road, the former road here inclining to the left, 
going toward the James River, while the latter goes to the right, crossing 
the Richmond and York River Railroad at Fair Oaks Station, one and 
a half miles from Seven Pines. Three stations of this railroad were fre- 
quently mentioned. Dispatch, near the Chickahominy bridge, next. 
Savage, farther on, and then Fair Oaks, nearest to Richmond. The 
country was marshy and soft after fains. About half the land was cleared 
and the other half covered with timber and thick underbrush. Obscure 
country roads leading from one farm to another constituted an inex- 
tricable labyrinth for those not familiar with the locality. Casey's 
division of the 4th Corps started some fortifications in front of Seven 
Pines, meantime, on May 30th, Couch's division advanced to Fair Oaks 
Station, the 61st camping at the Httle depot building, and that evening 
Companies G and H, Captains Crosby and Orr, were sent to the front on 
picket. During the night May 30th--31st, in profound darkness, heavy 
rains fell, rendering the roads nearly impassable and the fields so soft 
that artillery wagons sunk to the axles. The rain converted the sluggish 
Chickahominy into a broad and swift current, overflowing the banks, 
cutting off approach to the bridges and forming a perilous barrier between 
the two wings of the Union army. This was the situation May 31, 1862, 
when the battle of Fair Oaks began. 

General Johnston's plan was to capture or destroy the four advanced 
Union divisions of twenty-five thousand men before re-inforcements 
could reach them from the left bank of the swollen river. The rebels, 
advancing along the Williamsburg road, first assailed Casey's division 
in overwhelming force, driving it back, capturing the new earthworks 
with some guns. Shortly after noon the hard fighting extended along 
the entire line to the right, as well as the left of Fair Oaks' Station. The 
61st stood in line awaiting orders. About noon, an aid of Gen. Couch, 
the division commander, came to the regiment on horseback. By direc- 
tion of Gen. Couch, the 61st now moved forward toward the left at double 
quick, taking the road toward Richmond and after going some distance 
was turned back, passing the 1st Long Island Regiment, entering the woods 
to its right. As the Regiment entered the woods. Gen. Couch met it and 
said to Col. Rippey, "This is a forlorn hope. Hold the enemy back at all 
hazards." The Colonel saluting, said, "I have the men in my Regiment 
for such work." Gen. Couch was perfectly cool. The coolness of Gen. 
Couch and the confidence he seemed to have in the 61st, had a good 
effect on the men, now to engage in their first and bloodiest battle. 

As the regiment advanced to the front, marching by the flank in 
fours, the rebels could be seen on the left, driving back Casey's division, 
through the open fields. Before proceeding far from Fair Oaks Station, 
the starting point, while the 61st was moving through the woods, a rebel 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEE RS 25 

column approached from the opposite direction, also moving by the 
flank. When the heads of these columns were about fifty yards apart, 
Gen. Couch directed Col. Rippey to file right, move the length of the 
regiment, then face to the front and attack the advancing rebels, and 
the General then rode off toward the left. The Colonel, promptly obey- 
ing the order, turned the head of the column to the right, and at the 
same time the rebel commander, in a clear, strong voice, gave the command 
"left by file into line" and his troops immediately began the movement. 
When the 61st had moved its length to the right, it halted and faced to 
the front, and the rebels continuing their movement formed a line parallel 
to the 61st, facing it about twenty yards distant therefrom. Between 
the two lines there was some underbrush, but not enough to afford any 
protection to either side. The rebel column consisted of more than one 
regiment, as its line of battle, when formed, extended far beyond the right 
of the 61st. In this position, in obedience to orders from the Colonel, 
the 61st opened fire on the rebels, which they immediately returned and 
a terrific struggle began. Early in the fight Col. Rippey was killed; 
Lieut-Col. Spear was wounded and Major Smith was captured. Ad- 
jutant Miller, having been sent for Companies G and H, was not present, 
leaving the regiment without anf field officers, and most of the line officers, 
were either killed or wounded. Still the men, with incredible bravery, kept 
up the fight, disregarding repeated requests to retire of Col. Neill of the 
23rd Pennsylvania, whose regiment, to the left of the 61st, had moved 
back to avoid being flanked. After the retirement of that regiment on 
the left, the rebels marched by advancing toward Seven Pines. In the 
meantime, the rebel line, extending to the right of the 61st, outflanked 
and enveloped that wing of the regiment, sending a column along the rear, 
demanding that the 61st surrender. Finally, when the regiment had 
exhausted its ammunition, an order went along the line to fall back, and 
most of the uninjured started toward the rear, only to run into the rebel 
line. Instantly a fierce hand-to-hand fight ensued, officers using their 
swords and revolvers and the men their empty guns as clubs. The con- 
test was necessarily short, as the rebel line in front came rushing over the 
abandoned position, yelling like fiends and ordering men of the 61st to 
throw down their arms and surrender. But this demand was unheeded, 
the rebels in the rear were brushed out of the way, except thirty-five of 
them, who were swept into the Union line as prisoners. A few of the 
61st men were captured because they did not hear the order to retire. 
Sergeant Oliver A. Parsons of Company D, afterwards Major of the 
regiment, was one of these. He, with some others, hearing no orders, kept 
up the fight until they were completely hemmed in on all sides, and their 
companions no longer in sight. They were disarmed and marched off 
as prisoners to Richmond. The men who cut their way out, after getting 
a fresh supply of ammunition, were in line again near Gen. Keyes' head- 
quarters, joining Companies G and H, under Captains Creps and Orr, 



26 SIXTY-FIRST RE G I MEN T 

and aided the re-inforcements under Gen. Sumner in repelling the rebel 
attack on the Union left and staying the enemy's progress for the day. 

As the 61st moved back, a deadly struggle took place over the flag. 
Three color bearers had been shot, the last one falling with the flag while 
the line was moving back, pressed hard toward the right by the oncoming 
rebels. Private David H. Ford of Company K, seeing the flag go down, 
ran and picked it up and bore it to the rear, surrounded by about fifty 
determined men of the regiment, each ready to take the colors if necessary 
to prevent capture. When Ford grabbed the flag he saw it had been 
riddled by rebel bullets, the staff also being shattered; still he held the 
colors up defiantly as he proceeded, the enemy's bullets knocking splinters 
off the staff and making further rents in the flag, which as a silent witness 
of a bloody struggle was sent back to Pittsburgh with the body of Col. 
Rippey. 

Ford was promoted to color sergeant and received a disabling wound 
while carrying the flag at Marye's Heights charge, May 3rd, 1863. 

The severely wounded of the 61st were left on the battlefield for two 
days with the dead, the other wounded still on the field who could be 
moved without stretchers, were taken to the rebel field hospitals and 
enrolled as prisoners. Among the wounded officers of the 61st, taken 
by the rebels, were Lieut. Col. George C. Spear and Maj. George F. Smith. 
The helpless wounded remaining on the field were in a most perilous situa- 
tion. The Union troops soon turned on their pursuers and sent a shower 
of minie balls singing through the woods, endangering and actually hitting 
many of the wounded, and in not a few instances, putting an end to their 
suffering. Shells and solid shot also crashed through the timber, one 
cannon ball cutting a tall pine tree half off about fifty feet from the ground, 
and after the debris had cleared away, it was observed that the top of 
the tree leaned over toward the wounded, liable to fall on them at any 
time. The Union troops that offered this strong resistance in the new 
line, included those that had been fighting over four hours, sustaining 
losses so heavy that many of the organizations were broken into frag- 
ments, but the men were game to the end, both infantry and artillery. 

Gen. Webb in his "The Peninsula," page 107, referring to these 
soldiers says: 

"The line was formed of companies, regiments 
and parts of regiments, fragments of divisions and 
brigades, which had lost their integrity in the fierce 
fight of the afternoon. Casey, Couch, Kearney, 
Birney were all represented, and the men stood 
firm, shoulder to shoulder in the fading light." 

This ended the first day at Fair Oaks, a battle fought by two-fifths 
of the army, with Gen. McClellan, the commander-in-chief, back at Gaines 
Mill on the north side of the Chickahominy, with the other three-fifths, 
except one division under Gen. Sumner. On June 1st, the rebels were 



PENN S YLVA NI A VOLUNTEERS 27 

driven back and the Union troops took substantially the position they 
held before the fight began. The 61st had little part in the fight on the 
second day, but resumed a position near Fair Oaks vStation, not far from 
that occupied by it in the morning of May 31st. 

The losses of the 61st, as officially reported by Gen. E. D. Keyes, 
the Corps commander, under date of June 13, 1862, were as follows: 
Officers killed, 5; wounded, 9; missing, 4. Men killed, 65; wounded, 
143; missing, 39; total 263. Three of the officers and 21 of the men were 
mortally wounded and soon died. The actual loss therefore, was, killed 
92, wounded 132 , of whom four were captured; missing 39, total 263. 
The officers killed were. Col. Oliver H. Rippey, Capt. Joseph Gerard, 
Company K; First Lieutenants John Pollock, Company A; William 
Scott, Company B; and Alfred Moylan, Company I. 

In "Regimental Losses in the American Civil War" by Col. Wm. F. 
Fox, published in 1889, the author furnishes statistics of vast importance 
concerning casualties in individual regiments of infantry, artillery and 
cavalry. This work has always been regarded as semi-official, for the 
author had access to all government records and other sources of authentic 
information. On page 37 Col. Fox says; the 61st took into the battle 
of Fair Oaks 574 men and the loss was 55.4 per cent. On page 274 he 
says, the total loss was 263, and that the killed numbered 92. These 
figures indicate some error, as 55.4 per cent of 574 would show a loss of 
317 instead of 263, a discrepancy of 54. This may be accounted for 
to some extent by the fact that only eight companies of the regiment 
were in the fight where the Colonel was killed; the other two companies, 
G and H, having been on picket the night before, were detained for ser- 
vice on other parts of the field, especially at the new line mentioned by 
Gen. Webb. Apparently the loss of the regiment, as given by Gen. 
Keyes, of 263, did not include losses if any, sustained by Companies G 
and H. In Vol. II Bates History, Pennsylvania Volunteers, 408, the author 
says, the 61st loss at Fair Oaks was "11 officers and 269 men," total 280, 
whereas the actual loss in officers was 16, counting killed, wounded and 
missing. Obviously, these figures are irreconcilable; even the official 
statistics when thoroughly sifted, may leave doubt as to the losses of the 
61st at Fair Oaks. How many of the 39 missing were wounded and died 
of their injuries, and how many came back as exchanged prisoners, does 
not appear in any available publication. 

James M. Walker of Company A, kept a diary during the three years 
of his services and a synopsis of his notes was published in 1880 in a book 
called "History of Indiana County, Pa." This history, and the diary 
Mr. Walker has kindly turned over to the historian. The information 
is valuable in the highest degree, and the facts are accurately and clearly 
stated, as shown where verification has been practicable. Mr. Walker 
says the 61st lost at Fair Oaks all its field officers and all the line officers 
except twelve were killed, wounded, or prisoners. 



28 SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

The loss of the 61st at Fair Oaks was greater than any other regiment 
in that battle and only ten other regiments in the whole war had greater 
losses in single battles. The total losses at Fair Oaks were, killed, 790; 
wounded, 3,594; missing, 647; total 5,031. More than 11 per cent, of 
the killed were in the 61st. It is interesting to note that in the entire 
battle, for every one killed, more than four were wounded, about the 
usual proportion; while in the 61st, the killed numbered 92 and the wounded 
only 132, a startling mortality, which is accounted for in part by the short 
range, the absence of all protection between the lines, the fact that wounded 
were killed by fire from the new Union position in the rear, but the high 
death rate is due chiefly to the sturdy determination of the 61st to stay 
and fight it out to the last man. 

If the killed and wounded in the 61st had been on the usual basis, 
as above indicated, the figures would be, killed 92, wounded, 368 ; missing, 
39; total, 499; being over 80 per cent, of the men engaged. 

In a book entitled, "Numbers and Losses in the Civil War" pub- 
lished by Houghton, Mifflin & Company in 1900, interesting statistics 
are given and suggestive comparisons are made. On pages 81 and 140, 
it is said the Union force actually engaged at Fair Oaks, numbered 41,797, 
and the rebel force numbered 41,816, that the Union kifled and wounded 
numbered 4,384 and the rebel 5,729, that out of every 1000 in the Union 
army, 105 were hit, and out of every 1000 in the rebel army, 137 were 
hit. 

It is not necessary to pursue further the subject of losses of the 61st 
at Fair Oaks, but it is proper to state the reasons why a single regiment 
was placed in such an exposed position and there apparently abandoned 
by the officers in command and allowed to be cut to pieces by superior 
forces of the enemy in front, on both flanks and later in the rear. Though 
hard on the regiment, the movement was undoubtedly justified by the 
exigencies of the battle and was good generalship on the part of the dis- 
tinguished division commander, General Couch, for whom every member 
of the 61st always cherished the warmest affection. On the left, Casey's 
division, after hard fighting, had retired, and the heroic Kearney with 
his division was in peril from the oncoming victorious rebels, threatening 
to push the whole Union left into the Chickahominy. On the Union 
right a heavy force of rebels were advancing and no troops in sight to 
offer any resistance. In the meantime, the brave old Sumner, was forc- 
ing his first division under Sedgwick, over the unstable bridge and through 
the deep mud toward the sound of battle. 

If Sumner could get on to the field and the second Union line could 
be formed, the rebels might be stopped and the army saved. But time 
was necessary and it must be exacted of the enemy at any cost. A crisis 
existed requiring prompt decision and instant action. The Union leaders 
were equal to the demand. Instead of going back, they advanced with 
the 61st and other troops into the woods to meet the foe, and when the 



PENN SYLVAN I A VO LUN TEERS 29 

struggle was on, no officers or orderlies could get near the scene of con- 
flict with fresh orders. There was only one course possible, and that was 
to let the soldiers fight it out while the officers arranged strong opposition 
in the rear through a new position and re-inforcements. This was good 
tactics, and the brave officers did not leave the field, but gallantly faced 
the enemy in the second fine. Keyes, Heintzelman, Casey, Couch, Kerney, 
Birney, Abercrombie, the brigade commander, and others, swords in 
hand, encouraged the men to hold the new position whether they had 
ammunition or not. Fragments of the 61st as before stated, joined this 
line after their terrific struggle, and saw the dashing rebels sullenly retire 
out of range, as darkness put an end to the furious conflict. 

Official reports of the Corps, division and brigade commanders, 
speak in high terms of the 61st. Gen. Keyes in his report, referring to 
the 23rd P. V. and the 61st, said, "These two regiments assailed a vastly 
superior force of the enemy and fought with extraordinary braver}^" 
The casualties in the 61st amounted to 263 and are heavier than in any 
other regiment in Couch's division. Gen. Abercrombie commanding the 
brigade, referring to the fight near Fair Oaks Station, said in his report 
dated June 5th, 1862, "The dead of the enemy on the portion of the 
battle-field occupied by the 1st Long Island, 23rd and 61st Pennsylvania, 
are the proofs I have of the gallantry displayed by those regiments." 

A discussion of the rebel losses at Fair Oaks would be interesting, 
but the reader is referred to general histories for that, except a quotation 
from "Reminiscences of the Civil War" by Gen. John B. Gordon, who 
attacked the Union lines on May 31st, and tells on page 58 how roughly 
he was handled: "The losses were appalling, all the field officers, except 
myself, had been killed, of 44 officers of the line, but 13 were left for duty. 
Nearly two-thirds of the entire command were killed or wounded. My 
young brother, who had been shot through the lungs, was carried back 
with the wounded. My horse and all others in the regiment were killed." 
Referring to the termination of the battle of Fair Oaks, Gen. Webb 
in his book, already referred to, says on page 116: 

"The attempt of the rebels to drive the left 
wing into the Chickahominy, and cut McClellan's 
line of supply from White House, which opened 
with every prospect of success, was turned first 
into failure and then into disaster, which sent them 
back to Richmond in a panic on the night of June 
1st." 

The authentic acts of heroism and other thrilling personal incidents 
of this great struggle, which established a high record for the 61st, would 
fill a volume, but then, perhaps the most interesting would go unmen- 
tioned for lack of definite information. The following particulars are to 
be taken as representative of hundreds of others quite as important, of 
which the historian is not informed. Sergeant Major W. J. Glenn, after- 



30 SIXTY-FIRST RE G I MEN T 

wards one of the five different captains of Company E, later Colonel in 
the Spanish- American War, was near Col. Rippey when that brave 
officer gave his last command, starting the bloody battle, as follows: 
"Ready, aim, fire." It was not long until the colonel was shot and fell 
to the ground. His body was not recovered until Monday, June 2nd, 
when he was sent home with the colors. The regiment seemed to melt 
away and the fire slackened, as men were killed and disabled. Col. 
Rippey' s last command was a peculiarly fitting termination for the career 
of the brave officer. Glenn, himself, was soon shot through the right leg, 
but did not leave the field until the regiment retired. He then hobbled 
back through the enclosing rebel line, growing weaker from loss of blood. 
His gait was accelerated, after reaching the open, by seeing a strong 
column of rebels marching down the Nine Mile road, their guns at "right 
shoulder shift, route step," as if the Yankees had all vanished. Before 
proceeding far, he saw a heavy Union line of battle which after firing 
one shot, charged the rebel troops with a great cheer and drove them 
back. These were Gen. Sumner's soldiers who had bravely crossed the 
Chickahominy on a floating bridge that afternoon and hastened through 
mud and swamps to the support of the hard pressed fighters of the 3rd 
and 4th Corps. Sergeant-Major Glenn, stopped in an old barn to have 
his wound dressed, one of his fellow sufferers being Gen. O. O. Howard, 
who had lost an arm. 

Praise of the 61st regiment, for its part in the battle of Fair Oaks 
would be quite superfluous. One might as well commend the "embattled 
farmers" who stood at Concord and "fired the shot heard around the 
world." If the history of the 61st regiment ended with June 2, 1862, it 
would stand high on the roll of honor, and its fame would be cherished by 
the Nation and the State as a precious heritage, affording distinction for 
all time to the descendants of the men who fought in the swamp and 
valiantly held back a triumphant foe until assistance arrived. Yet the 
battle of Fair Oaks was only the beginning of a career to end at Appo- 
mattox when an iron band was drawn tight around the rebellion, exting- 
uishing its life. 

After the battle of Fair Oaks, by order of Gen. Abercrombie, Lieut- 
Col. Frank Vallee was assigned temporarily to the command of the 61st, 
which then had no field officers present for duty. By direction of this 
new regimental commander, Companies C and I were distributed to other 
companies for the reason that these two companies were left without any 
commissioned officers and had suffered severely in the loss of non-com- 
missioned officers and privates. 



CHAPTER III. 

MALVERN HILL— ANTIETAM 

"The sun of September 18th, 1862, at Antietam 
rose to light up one of those scenes of suffering and 
anguish which humbled the pride of man by the 
exhibition of his weakness and cruelty. Twenty 
thousand men killed or wounded the day before 
were lying on that narrow battlefield. Their com- 
rades were exhausted by the struggle, by fatigue 
and by the want of both sleep and food." 

Comte De Paris. 

Many of the soldiers wounded at Fair Oaks were sent north in hospital 
steamers from the White House on the Pamunkey River; to this point 
they were transported from the battlefield in box cars at the rate of about 
a thousand each day. On the afternoon of June 6th some of the 61st 
wounded with many others, were put on board the hospital steamer 
Louisiana at White House Landing, bound for Philadelphia. The steamer, 
with its precious load of sufferers, started the next day but made slow 
progress, getting ouLof the narrow stream into the York River and then 
by Old Point up around through the Chesapeake Bay, ascending the 
Delaware River to the City of Brotherly Love, where it arrived on June 
12th. 

Such a vast number of wounded as this steamer contained had never 
before landed in the city at one time, and being advised in advance of the 
progress of the vessel, the people made ample, even lavish preparation to 
receive the wounded soldiers. Having but few ambulances, a notice was 
published in the papers asking owners of vehicles to be on hand and help 
move the disabled men to the various hospitals. As the steamer came 
in sight, down the river, bells rang all over the city giving the prearranged 
signal, and thereupon ambulances, carriages, express wagons, moving 
vans and even drays and carts hastened to the dock and stood ready for 
any required service. These people filled up all the space along the dock 
and extended up into the lower end of the streets, the drivers quietly 
gazing at the steamer as she slowly swung into place. Thousands of 
anxious people crowded around as near as they could approach the steamer, 
removing their hats as the wounded were carried by. 

Many of the people were looking for friends and scanned with deep 
solicitude each soldier as he was borne along. One member of the 61st 
in a perfectly helpless condition was carried to an express wagon whose 
bed proved to be too short. A longer and more suitable wagon was 



32 SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT 

obtained, to which he was removed, with apologies for not getting a proper 
conveyance at once. Two men besides the driver went along to South 
and 24th Street Hospital, one of the men on the way obtaining information 
for a beautiful and sympathetic letter to the soldier's mother, which is 
still treasured as a memento. 

Arriving at the hospital, this member of the 61st received every possible 
attention from the doctors and nurses. After his clothes were changed 
and nourishing food provided, including strawberries and cream, a lady 
came around with a portfolio and writing materials to take messages 
for home. This woman, bright and cheery, intelligent and versatile, was 
none other than Mrs. Henry Gary Baird, whose husband was then a 
most distinguished citizen with a national reputation as an author and 
publisher. The kindness shown this member of the 61st was extended 
to thousands of others from all parts of the country and it was kept up 
until the war ended. The people also showed their patriotism by raising 
vast sums for the Sanitary and Christian Commissions, by subscribing 
for milUons of government bonds in the darkest days of the Rebellion 
and establishing the first national bank in the United States. Phila- 
delphia deserves the measureless gratitude of every Union soldier during 
the war and of every American citizen from that day on to the end of 
time. 

After the battle of Fair Oaks the Union Army occupied the field and 
fortified a position extending from Goldings on the right, near Duane's 
Bridge, to White Oak Swamp on the left, a distance as the line ran of about 
five miles. Franklin's corps held the right, Sumner's the center and 
Heintzelman's the left, Keyes' corps being in reserve near Savage Station; 
Porter's corps with McCall's division remained on the left bank of the 
Chickahominy, covering the region from Mechanicsville to a point below 
Gaines Mill. The base of supplies was still at White House on the Pamun- 
key River, the Richmond and York River Railroad connecting that point 
with the front. 

The weather until about June 20th was extremely unfavorable for 
military operations, the Chickahominy overflowed its banks to an un- 
paralleled extent, sweeping away all the bridges but the railroad, whose 
frail scaffolding trembled over the turbulent flood. The ground, com- 
posed of alternate layers of clay and quicksand, was really a vast swamp. 
Vehicles, especially artillery, could be moved with the greatest difficulty, 
the wheels sinking deep in the mire and soon stalling any number of will- 
ing horses. In the morning the sun came out hot, filling the air with 
poisonous exhalations from the dead bodies of men and animals. The 
heat became suffocating. 

While the army was thus condemned to inactivity in movements, 
the men were not idle. Each day details worked on the fortifications, 
made roads, repaired bridges, while strong, aggressive picket lines ex- 
tended from right to left of the entire line, keeping up a ceaseless and 



PENNSYLVA NI A VO LUN TEERS 33 

resounding fusillade. Three weeks of this life made sad havoc among 
the men, who in vast numbers were taken with swamp and typhoid fever, 
many dying, while others required hospital treatment. However, the 
expectation of taking Richmond and ending the war kept the men hope- 
ful and ever ready for any service. The 61st camped near Savage Station 
under command of Lieut. Col. Vallee assigned to this command from the 
82nd Pa. Vol. of the same brigade, doing its share of picket and other duty, 
but suffering a great deal from sickness owing in part to the close proximity 
of the great White Oak Swamp, whose northerly borders were near its 
camp. The regiment was still in the same brigade, commanded by 
Gen. Abercrombie, Gen. Couch having the division and Gen. Keyes the 
4th corps. Gen. Peck succeeding to the command of Casey's division. 

The vSeven Days' Battle, so called, began June 25th, 1862, with a 
reconnaissance along the Williamsburg Road in front of vSeven Pines to 
Oak Grove, four miles from Richmond. The next day, the 26th, the fight 
was at Mechanicsville on the extreme right; then followed on the 27th 
the great Battle of Gaines Mill; the 28th had little beyond heavy skir- 
mishing; the 29th saw two engagements, one at Savage Station and the 
other at Allen's Farm, otherwise known as Peach Orchard. In these 
engagements on the 29th the rebel general Magruder used a heavy long- 
range noisy cannon, mounted on a flat car. This contrivance the rebels 
called the Land Merrimac, and strange to relate, like the great water 
prototype, after appearing twice it retired to that peaceful bourne whence 
no traveller returnsjay land or water. 

The 30th there was heavy fighting on Frazier's Farm, at White Oak 
Swamp, the battle including bloody struggles at Glendale and the various 
cross-roads at that place and extending clear over to Turkey Bend on 
the James River. The last battle was at Malvern Hill July 1st, after 
which the army moved down the James seven miles to Harrison's Landing, 
where it remained until the middle of August. When the seven days' 
fight began, the army numbered 92,500 of all arms. This general state- 
ment is made that the services of the 61st may be better understood in 
the operations referred to. 

In these movements, which carried the army from the Chickahominy, 
seven miles from Richmond, to Harrison's Landing on the James River, 
twenty miles from the rebel capital, and changed the base of operations 
from the White House to Harrison's Landing, Keyes' corps took an 
important and perilous part, in protecting the movement through White 
Oak Swamp. The entire army, with 4,000 wagons, 500 ambulances, 350 
pieces of artillery and 2,500 head of cattle, moved southerly through this 
swamp on the way to the James River. The great marsh known as White 
Oak Swamp, on the left of the Union army, was over five miles wide, 
extending as before stated, from the Chickahominy toward Richmond to 
a point in advance of Seven Pines. It was covered with tangled under- 
brush and had no paths up and down. One road crossed it from the 



34 SIXTY-FIRS T RECI MEN T 

Williamsburg turnpike, starting near Bottom's Bridge, and Gen. Keyes 
discovered another old and obscure pathway leading across from Savage 
Station on the railroad. Both of these roads ended in the clearings called 
Frazier's Farm, after crossing a bridge spanning the stream which drained 
the marsh emptying into the Chickahominy at Turner's Bridge. This 
stream is itself called White Oak Swamp. About two miles toward the 
James from Frazier's Farm is Charles City Crossroads, where many 
highways join; one coming from White Oak Swamp is continued as the 
Quaker Road to Malvern Hill. The Charles City, the Central and New- 
market roads come in from Richmond, the latter two uniting three miles 
away. Numerous other roads are here leading toward the Chickahominy 
and the James. Toward Richmond from the Charles City Crossroads is 
a vast open section consisting of several cultivated farms, called Glendale, 
where the main battle was fought June 30th. Near the James River at 
Turkey Bend, two miles away, is Malvern Hill, made memorable by the 
engagement of July 1st. 

During the night of June 27th, after the Union defeat at Gaines 
Mill, Keyes was ordered to move his corps through White Oak Swamp 
toward the James, protecting the right flank of the army from rebel 
attack. On the same day, while the fight was in progress at Gaines 
Mill, Companies A and H of the 61st were sent forward in advance and to 
the left of Seven Pines in consequence of rebel activity at that point. 
The companies were deployed as skirmishers and before proceeding far 
met a rebel line of battle which forced them back, one man in Company A 
being wounded. The colonel of the 55th N. Y., assuming the skirmish 
line had retreated too easily, advanced with his whole regiment, receiving 
a bloody repulse, when a whole brigade was found necessary to stop the 
bold rebel attack. 

The movement of Keyes' corps began at once and by the morning 
of June 29th the 61st, in a dense bank of fog, was at Frazier's Farm across 
the White Oak Swamp, and the corps, after driving away some rebel 
cavalry at Charles City Crossroads, camped near there at Nelson's farm 
for the night. Pickets and scouts were kept well out toward Richmond 
on all the roads. Meanwhile the trains of the entire army moved through 
the swamp on the main road nearest the Chickahominy, while most of the 
troops marched along the old and more exposed road starting near Savage 
Station, which road was cleared of fallen trees and other obstructions by 
Keyes' men as they advanced. The weather was stifling and for most of 
the way the column moved through a cloud of dust. The roar of battle 
was constantly heard in the rear, with occasionally explosions of large 
quantities of ammunition, which could not be moved from Savage Station. 
The trains were in motion all night, and when some teams stopped to 
feed, others were pressed forward, going two to three abreast when space 
permitted. 

During the night of the 29th, Keyes' corps, on being relieved at Glen- 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 35 

dale by Porter's, moved toward the James River at Haxall's Landing, 
arriving on the 30th, in the morning. The sight of this majestic river to 
the weary dust-covered soldiers, emerging from a dreary hot swamp, 
was enchanting; many rushed into the sparkhng water to refresh themselves 
and make sure they were not the victims of a delusive mirage. 

In a short time, on the arrival of other troops, Keycs' corps moved 
out toward Malvern Hill and occupied the space between the James River 
at Turkey Bend on the left and Malvern Hill on the right. This was the 
left of the Union line at the battle of Glendale, the right being at Frazier's 
Farm at the crossing of the White Oak Swamp. The line was a large arc 
of a circle, with the convexity toward Richmond. The rebel general 
Jackson had followed the Union army through White Oak Swamp, but 
his attack on Gen. Franklin's corps at that point was easily repulsed. 
Meantime Longstreet and Hill came down the Charles City, the Central 
and the Newmarket roads, and attacked at Glendale and farther over to- 
ward the James. The struggle was fierce, lasting until after dark, but the 
rebels were repulsed at all points and by four o'clock in the afternoon 
the last wagons of the long train had reached Malvern Hill. That night 
the Union army moved back to Malvern Hill and got ready for the closing 
encounter of the Seven Days' battles. This blood}^ conflict of June 30th 
1862, has many names because of the different places on the field where 
combats occurred, as Frazier's Farm, White Oak Swamp, Charles City 
Crossroads, Nelson's Farm and Glendale, the latter being the more com- 
prehensive and appropriate designation for the engagement. 

Before daybreak on July 1st, the Union army was concentrated 
around the approaches to Malvern Hill in a defensive position, admirably 
adapted for the use of artillery. This hill was two miles long and a mile 
wide. The army was formed as follows: at the extreme left Porter's 
corps guarded the direct approaches from Richmond to Haxall's Land- 
ing; Couch's division, including the Gist, came next, having been detached 
from the 4th Corps. This division was deployed midway between the 
summit of Malvern Hill and the woods bordering its base, the right resting 
upon a deep wooded ravine separating the Union left from the center. 
Over the ravine, farther to the right, was Heintzelman's corps, which 
extended across the Quaker Road; then farther toward the right was 
Sumner's corps, with Franklin on its right, and Keyes with the other two 
divisions held the extreme right. More than sixty pieces of artiller}^ 
were placed on the line held by Porter and Couch, with ten siege guns at 
the Crewe House commanding a large portion of the battlefield, other 
guns being in good positions on the line. The artillery was commanded 
by Col. Henry J. Hunt, an officer of great merit, as subsequently demon- 
strated on many a battlefield. The Army of the Potomac, fully con- 
centrated, was to fight its first battle with all the corps present. Its line, 
in a half circle, stretched from Turkey Bridge over Western Run on the 
left above Malvern Hill, around to Haxall's Landing below, each flank 



36 SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT 

covering the approaches to the James River. The navy was represented 
in the river behind the battle Hne, and the gunboat Galena was used by 
Gen. McClellan for a reconnaissance during part of the day. The vessels 
took position so as to support the field artillery, and several took part by 
throwing hundred-pound shells into the rebel position, causing conster- 
nation by the terrific explosions. 

The rebel army was also concentrated and Jefferson Davis came 
down from Richmond to see the Union army crushed, remaining through- 
out the conflict. At break of day Jackson crossed the White Oak Swamp 
bridge, the scene of his unsuccessful battle of the day before, passed over 
the battlefield of Glendale and reached Malvern Hill on the Turkey 
road. Magruder and Huger proceeded against the Union left, while Hill 
and Longstreet were in easy supporting distance. 

Little fighting, except with artillery, occurred until the afternoon, 
when the rebels attacked the right of Couch's division, seeking to break 
the Union line at the wooded ravine. This attack was repulsed with 
heavy loss to the rebels, and Couch advanced part of his line nearly half 
a mile. The 61st, near the Crewe House, supporting Griffin's batteries, 
was under heavy artillery fire in the forenoon, a shell killing one man 
and wounding two. Later the regiment took position in the rear of the 
Union batteries, in a road, slightly sunken, which afforded some pro- 
tection. Still later in the afternoon the regiment, with other troops, 
advanced down the ravine on its right, waded through a marshy bog and 
crept into position on the flank of the rebels as they came forward against 
the Union batteries. The rebels, taken by surprise, were thrown into 
confusion and suffered fearful carnage before they could get back out of 
range. The 61st then went back near the Crewe House in advance of 
the Union batteries, to keep down rebel sharpshooters. The men lay 
flat on the ground while the artillery fired over them at the rebels beyond. 
At times the batteries ceased and the regiment rose and fired, frequently 
advancing to dislodge bold rebels seeking to pick off the Union gunners. 

It was at this point, according to a rebel account, that their men 
were most reluctant to advance on the Union position. A rebel colonel, 
urging his men forward toward evening, after several bloody repulses, 
shouted, "Come on, come on, my men! Do you want to live forever?" 
In this position the 61st remained until the field was cleared of the enemy 
and the regiment was out of ammunition, having fired sixty rounds. 

Bearing in mind that the 61st was in Abercrombie's brigade. Couch's 
division defending the main position held by Griffin's batteries near the 
Crewe House, with a magnificent view for three-quarters of a mile in 
front, one can understand the part taken by the men from Pittsburg, 
Philadelphia, Indiana and Luzerne counties in the closing four hours of 
this great battle. Gen. Couch, in his official report of the battle says: 

" The enemy were now massing large columns on our front. At 
4:30 P. M., after an incessant cannonade, they boldly pushed forward a 



PENNSYLVANIA VO LUN TEERS 37 

large column from their right in the open field to carry Griffin's position. 
The fire of the three batteries was concentrated upon them. Kingsbury's 
battery having been withdrawn for ammunition, was relieved by three 
guns of Battery C Rhode Island artillery, and two guns, Allen's 5th 
Massachusetts, under Capt. Weeden. The attacking column kept on, 
continually reinforced, until within range of Griffin's rifles, when it stopped 
and formed line. From this time until 8 P. M., there was enacted one of 
the sublimest sights ever presented in war, resulting in a glorious victory 
to our arms. 

"But the action now being general, I assumed command of the whole 
line for the time, ordered up the reserves on the left, placed in position 
regiments falling back, and halted those bravely moving forward, many 
of the regiments having already masked the fire of our artillery. Upon 
seeing the rebels advance on the left, Abercrombie and Palmer pushed 
forward their brigades in front of the artillery, in order to drive back the 
foe. The enemy continually reinforced their column of attack, besides 
advancing heavy reserves in support. Abercrombie and Palmer became 
engaged to the left and right. Gen. Colwell, of Richardson's division, 
having been sent to my support by Gen. Sumner, now went into action, 
joining my brave division fiercely engaged. The enemy were making 
desperate efforts to drive in my right. Gen. Heintzelman sent me Seeley's 
battery, which, under De Russy, chief of his artillery, and with the advice 
of Gen. Howe, was- established on the ground held by this latter officer. 
It did its duty well. 

"Gen. Porter came upon the ground about 6 P. M.; later Gen. vSickles, 
of Hooker's division, reported to me with three regiments, leading his 
men directly into action, relieving some of my division whose ammunition 
was exhausted. At about 7 P. M., Gen. Meagher, with his brigade, re- 
ported to me from vSumner, and was pushed to the left of Griffin's battery. 
Night closed upon us still fighting, the opposing forces only known by their 
lines of fire, that of the rebels gradually slackening until 8:30 P. M., 
after which an occasional cannon shot from our batteries only broke the 
stillness that pervaded this bloody field. Thus ended the Battle of Mal- 
vern Hill, which caused great carnage and demoralization among the 
best divisions of the enemy, with comparatively small loss on our side. 
General, Abercrombie and Palmer formed a line with their brigades that 
not a private retreated from." 

Gen. Abercrombie, referring to his brigade at Malvern Hill and 
mentioning the 61st, says, " All acquitted themselves in a highly com- 
mendable manner." He says his brigade was "under fire from early 
morning until dark." The burden of this battle fell on Porter's corps 
and Couch's division on the Union left. The rebels assailed this position 
three different times advancing with great resolution and persisting until 
cut to pieces by our artillery and infantry fire. Finally, after dark, the 



38 SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT 

battle ceased along the entire line, the rebels having failed at every point 
to break through the Union lines. 

From the position of the 61st, in advance of the batteries, the rebels 
could be seen plainly as they came forward, facing the smashing dis- 
charges of the Union guns, urged on by the officers until the Union infantry 
began to fire, when the lines wavered and broke. The Count of Paris, 
in describing the latter part of this battle, in which the 61st took part, 
says: 

"More than once the Federal lines have seemed on the point of being 
charged and broken, so great is the impetuosity of the assailants, but at 
the last moment the latter are always checked and compelled to rede- 
scend those fatal slopes already covered with the dead bodies of their 
comrades. The last rays of the setting sun, gilding the tree-tops and the 
smoking heights of Malvern, light up this bloody scene. In the center 
D. H. Hill has given up the contest, but Magruder, loath to resign himself 
to this cruel reverse, persists in continuing the fight. It is only toward 
nine o'clock that the booming of cannon gradually dies away along the 
entire line, and the silence of the night succeeds at last, unbroken, to the 
noise of battle." 

Referring to the hardships of the Seven Days' Battle, the same 
author says: 

"All the farmhouses, all the huts, were converted into hospitals where 
the victims of the battles of Savage Station, Frazier's Farm and Glen- 
dale were huddled. There was scarcely a sufficient number of surgeons 
to attend to their most pressing wants, and most of the wounded felt the 
painful certainty of being left at night in the hands of the enemy. The 
stifling heat of a Virginia summer, the want of sleep, the long marches, 
the combats incessantly renewed, the excitement and the anxiety of every 
description triumphed over the most robust constitutions and prostrated 
those whom the terrible swamp fever had yet spared." 

The loss of the 61st at what Gen. Couch called our glorious victorv 
of Malvern Hill, was two officers wounded, four men killed and fifteen 
wounded; total, twenty-one. The total loss of the Union army in the 
Seven Days' battles, as officially given, was 15,249, of whom 1,582 were 
killed, 7,700 wounded and 5,958 missing. To this number should be 
added at least 6,000 sick or lame who had gone to the hospital in con- 
sequence of the excessive fatigues of the preceding seven days. The 
rebel loss was 20,000 in the various actions, to which at least 5,000 should 
be added for those rendered unfit for duty by the same causes that aft'ected 
the Union army. The rebel army was therefore reduced by 25,000 men. 

Volumes have been written about the Seven Days' battles, in which 
the generalship of the Union and Confederate commanders has been 
discussed, as well as all the facts of each engagement. Details cannot 
be examined here, but it is safe to say the soldiers in both armies acquitted 
themselves with the greatest credit. The Union army had the most 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS U 

discouraging experience as it moved back after every battle, leaving the 
field to the enemy, with many wounded as prisoners, including in the 
aggregate 50 pieces of artillery and other trophies of victory. But the 
rebel army was in worse condition than the Union. Magruder's corps 
was almost destroyed, those of D. H. Hill and Huger had suffered cruelly, 
while those of Longstreet and A. P. Hill had not yet recovered from the 
effects of the Battle of Glendale, where they were so roughly handled. 
After Malvern Hill both armies retired, the Union because that was a 
part of its plan before the battle, and the rebel because it was utterlv 
exhausted and must travel towards Richmond to meet its much needed 
supplies. 

The 61st left Malvern Hill battlefield at 2 A. M., July 2d, arriving at 
Harrison's Landing in a state of complete exhaustion. The drenching 
rain, while it laid the dust, increased the difficulty of marching in the mud 
with wet clothing. A ration of whiskey was that morning issued, and its 
stimulation had a good effect on tired soldiers who had but little rest 
during the preceding week. 

Six days after the Battle of Malvern Hill, a steamer from Fortress 
Monroe landed a passenger at Harrison's Landing whose dress, as simple 
as his manner, did not at first attract attention, but in whom the army 
soon recognized President Lincoln. He had come, he said, to see the 
boys and consult with Gen. McClellan. The grave situation then existing 
incident to the withdrawal of the Union army, and the peril to which 
Washington would soon be exposed, filled the great Executive with appre- 
hension. The President then found an army of 80,000 men in good 
condition with confidence in the commander-in-chief undiminished by the 
hard experiences of the vSeven Days' battles. 

Soon after settling in camp at Harrison's Landing, some companies 
of the 61st held an election to fill vacancies created by deaths and resig- 
nations up to that time. In Company A, 1st Sergeant F. M. Brown was 
elected 1st Lieut., to take the place of 1st Lieut. Pollock, killed at Fair 
Oaks; and Corporal Isaac N. Price was elected 2nd Lieut., to take the place 
of Lieut. Brady, resigned. Brown and Price made excellent oflicers, and 
both died from hostile bullets, the former in the Wilderness, May 6th, 
1864, and the latter at Charlestown, Aug. 21st, 1864. Price was not onlv 
a good officer, but he was a most fearless and aggressive fighter, the kind 
of person Gen. Sheridan would have delighted to honor. 

At Harrison's Landing, a plantation formerly owned by President 
Wm. Henry Harrison, the 61st had a pleasant camp on the Union left in 
a wooded region, after great hardships on the night of July 1st moving 
down from Malvern Hill. The regiment aided in building forts, cutting 
trees and constructing the various defenses which General McClellan con- 
sidered necessary to protect the army from any sudden attack of the 
enemy. The regiment participated in picket duty and in a reconnaissance 
back to Malvern Hill battlefield. Fresh clothing was furnished the 



40 SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

soldiers. They were paid, and soon recovered from the ill effects of the 
Chickahominy and the last taxing campaign, and Companies C and I, 
by order of the Secretary of War, returned to their former organization 
in the regiment. 

By Aug. 10th it was understood the army was to move in co-operation 
with troops then defending Washington under the redoubtable Gen. 
John Pope, whose headquarters, according to his general order assuming 
command, were always in the saddle. On the 11th of August the knap- 
sacks of the 61st were put on board a transport, whose destination was 
not announced. The regiment waited in hourly expectation of orders 
until the 16th, when the march began toward the Chickahominy at Bar- 
nett's Ferry, where the broad stream was crossed on a pontoon bridge 
about one thousand feet long. The route took the regiment by Charles 
City court house down to Williamsburg and then over to Yorktown on 
the road used by the army in May in its hopeful advance on Richmond. 
On Aug. 17th the regiment marched 25 miles; the other marches were 
easy and Yorktown was reached on the 20th, and on the 24th the knap- 
sacks were received, having been sent down the James and up the York. 
The regiment remained at Yorktown a week camped, part of the time, 
near the old earth-works made by Cornwallis in his fruitless effort to 
defend his army against Washington. This was a pleasant week, aside 
from the general apprehension then in the air concerning the national 
situation. Oyster, lobster and clam fishing brought diversion and a 
welcome change of diet, but not without certain disagreeable incidents to 
those who went in bathing and came out with a general odor of discarded 
naval stores, their bodies covered with a coat of tar, made doubly sticky 
and relentless by long immersion in salt water. At this time many of the 
men wounded and temporarily disabled at Fair Oaks and in other engage- 
ments, returned, resuming their duties, others having joined the regi- 
ment at Harrison's Landing. On Thursday, Aug. 28th, the 61st boarded 
the bark Metropolis, in tow of the steamer City of Richmond, bound for 
Washington, as then understood. On the 29th, in a severe gale in the 
Chesapeake Bay, the steamer let go of the barge to avoid being rammed, 
hitching on later after the regiment had experienced a good shaking up 
on a powerless vessel. Aug. 30th, off Occoquan Creek, orders came to 
proceed to Alexandria and disembark. On the 31st the regiment marched 
from Alexandria toward Fairfax court house, occupying the night on the 
road, then encumbered with the wreck of Pope's defeated army. Sept 
1st the regiment was at Fairfax and moved to Chantilly in the afternoon 
to meet the rebel attack at that point, but did not become engaged, as the 
rebels were repulsed before the 61st reached the front line. 

The 61st then, on Sept. 2d, with the whole of Couch's division, moved 
back toward Alexandria, acting as rear guard for part of the army. At 
three different times during the day the division halted and formed line 
of battle, but the rebels did not attack, their desire evidently being to 



PENNSYLVA NI A VO LUN TEE RS 41 

cause delay in order to favor other movements then in progress. Reach- 
ing Alexandria Sept. 3d, the regiment immediately embarked on the 
steamer Kingston, landing in Georgetown. At this time great agitation 
existed in official circles in Washington and throughout the northern 
states, and not without good cause. Gen. McClellan, in his Peninsula 
Campaign, had lost, in killed, wounded, missing and sick, over thirty 
thousand men. Gen. Pope had lost at least twenty thousand, to say 
nothing of ten thousand at Harper's Ferry soon to be prisoners. All 
these losses for the year 1862 to be added to the Bull Run and Balls Bluff 
disasters of 1861, were enough to daunt the stoutest hearts, but the worst 
feature was the lack of confidence in the Union generals in command of 
the unsuccessful armies. The President was in doubt as to what he ought 
to do in an emergency demanding prompt decision and swift execution. 
Finding the Army of the Potomac still had faith in Gen. McClellan, that 
officer was entrusted with command of the forces to resist the first great 
invasion of the north, and the veterans of the Peninsula are to grapple 
for supremacy on the soil of Maryland with the victorious columns of 
Lee, Jackson and Longstreet, each army having the same commander-in- 
chief under whom it struggled in the fierce encounters at the gates of 
Richmond. 

On Sept. 5th, the 61st moved through Tenallytown towards Pooles- 
ville, Md., camping Sept. 6th nearly opposite Great Falls on the Potomac. 
In this neighborhood the regiment remained with another regiment, two 
pieces of artillery and a squadron of cavalry, guarding the Potomac cross- 
ings, doing picket and provost duty, until the morning of Sept. 14th, 
when it marched with the division through Rockville over vSugar Loaf 
Mountain through Jefiferson and Eurkittsville, passing over the South 
Mountain battlefield and reaching the bloody field of Antietam on Sept. 
17th. 

On the morning of the 18th the 61st, with Gen. John Cochrane's 
brigade of Couch's division, crossing the Antietam Creek on the Sharps- 
burg turnpike bridge, went into the front line in the field opposite the 
Little Dunker Church to the left of Slocum's division, the line running 
parallel with the Hagerstown turnpike, about 200 yards northwest of the 
sunken road afterwards called the "Bloody Lane." In this position, 
which had been fiercely contested the day before, the ground still strewn 
with the killed of both armies, the 61st remained all day and the follow- 
ing night, suffering from rebel sharpshooters concealed in trees behind 
the church. Aside from the picket fire, which the regiment could not 
effectively return, not being able to locate the enemy, the 61st was not 
molested. The regiment lost one man killed, one officer and four men 
wounded; total, six. The Union loss at Antietam was 2,010 killed, 9,416 
wounded, 1,043 missing; total, 12,469. Of the wounded, 2,661 must have 
died on the field after the battle, as the interments in the National Ceme- 
tery at Antietam number 4,671. 



42 SJXT Y-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 

Referring to Cochrane's brigade, including the 61st, Gen. Franklin, 
commanding the left wing, in his official report of the battle says: "In 
this position, suffering severe cannonading at intervals, which they bore 
like the veterans they are, remaining until daylight Sept. 19th, when an 
advance was made showing the enemy had retreated." The regiment at 
Antietam was commanded by Lieut. -Col. F. Vallee of the 82d Pa. Vols. 
Col. Geo. C. Spear joined the command near Williamsport about Sept. 
22nd, having been exchanged as a prisoner, wounded and taken at Fair 
Oaks. 

In the Antietam campaign, Gen. Couch's division, having been detach- 
ed from the 4th Corps, formed a part of the left wing under Gen. Franklin; 
Gen. John Cochrane, succeeding Gen. Abercrombie, commanded the 
brigade, which included the 61st. On Sept. 26th, 1862, Couch's division 
was assigned to the 6th Corps, and from that time until the war ended 
formed a part of that famous organization, first as the 3rd division, then 
the Light division, and later the 2d division, remaining in the latter 
division until the regiment was mustered out June 28th, 1865. 

In front of the 61st at Antietam, across the road from the Dunker 
Church, there was a rebel soldier in the act of climbing over the stone 
fence, toward the Union line; his gun firmly held in the left hand toward 
the muzzle, the butt resting on the ground, steadying him, his right leg 
thrown over the fence, his right hand resting on top of the fence, his head 
erect and his whole appearance indicating alertness. vSeeing this bold 
advance, several shots were fired by members of the 61st, but the rebel 
held to the same position, and after the battle it was found that the man 
was dead, having been instantly killed on the 17th, when the great struggle 
occurred for that position. A short distance in the rear of the 61st, a 
Union soldier, killed at that place, lay on his back, his gun held in his left 
hand, the butt between his feet, the ramrod in his right hand, the end of 
it near the muzzle of his gun to force down a cartridge he had pushed into 
the bore. These were instances of rii^or moili':, where death occurred 
instantly, the victims becoming rigid and retaining the exact position they 
were in when hit. 

On Sept. 19th, in the morning, the 61st, with the brigade, advanced 
through Sharpsburg nearly to the Potomac, finding the rebels had dis- 
appeared across the river, leaving the severely wounded behind with dis- 
abled guns and other material. As the regiment moved forward over the 
battlefield, the historic Bloody Lane, silent and ghastly, was observed on 
its left with the sunken road still filled with the dead bodies of its defenders. 
All the houses in and about Sharpsburg were rebel hospitals, where the 
wounded were soon to receive kind treatment from Union surgeons and 
from volunteer doctors and nurses from the north, whose generous sym- 
pathy brought them to the field of carnage. 

The. next day, Sept. 20th, the 61st marched to Wilhamsport, Md., 
dispersing the rebel cavalry at that place and sustaining a loss of two 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEE RS 43 

killed and seven wounded. On the 23rd, the regiment moved to Downs- 
ville, Md., where it remained until Oct. 18th. The same day, vSept. 23d, 
information came to the army that President Lincoln, the day before, 
had issued the now famous Emancipation Proclamation freeing the slaves 
in rebellious territory January 1st, 1863, under certain conditions. On 
Oct. 3d President Lincoln visited the army and reviewed some of the 
boys, as he affectionately called the soldiers. While at Downsville the 
61st received supplies of clothing, of which the men stood very much in 
need, especially the new shoes, after 200 miles of hard marching. In the 
list of articles supplied for the Army of the Potomac at that time, the 
following appears: 33,840 pairs of boots, 61,000 pairs of shoes, and 
97,700 pairs of drawers. 

On Oct. 18th, 1862, the regiment, with the 6th Corps, moved up the 
Potomac to Clear Springs. The next day, in order to head off the rebel 
cavalry raid in Pennsylvania, the regiment marched 28 miles to Hancock, 
Md., returning by easy marches, it reached its former camp at Downsville 
on Oct. 29th. This was the first expedition as a part of the 6th Corps, 
whose fortunes and fame the 61st was to share until the war ended. 

A characteristic incident of those days is recalled. While on the 
expedition to Hancock, the command camped one dreary, damp evening, 
after a hard march in a farming section, where no firewood was available. 
Gen. Couch, riding among the men, who had stacked arms and were look- 
ing for fuel and water, said gravely, "Only take the top rail." This order, 
afterwards familiar as an army joke, was then new to the 6th Corps and 
was highly appreciated. The Maryland fences disappeared as by magic 
the soldiers using only the top rail, each rail being the top one after the one 
over it had been removed. 

At daybreak, Oct. 31st, 1862, the 61st left Downsville and marched 
by way of Keedysville, Roher\ille, vSouth Mountain, Burkittsville and 
Berlin, crossing the Potomac at Lovettsville near Harper's Ferry on 
a pontoon bridge, bivouacing Nov. 3d near Wheatland, Va. ; thence 
through Philamon, Union and Upperville to White Plains, serving 
as train guard Nov. 6th and 7th, the latter day in a snow-storm, camping 
on the 8th near Thoroughfare Gap. Upon the 9th the 61st moved to New 
Baltimore, where on the 10th Gen. McClellan, having been removed on 
the 7th, made his farewell visit to the various corps headquarters. The 
removal of Gen. McClellan was not looked upon with favor in the army, 
where he was still regarded with aff'ection by the soldiers. They knew 
he had been unsuccessful or at least disappointing as a commander-in- 
chief, but they believed he was superior to any officer in the Army of the 
Potomac, and they still expected great things of him in the near future. 
Besides, he was their first love, their "little corporal," as Bonaparte's 
soldiers called their leader after the Battle of Lodi Bridge. McClellan, 
as the soldiers believed, knew all about military science, having been in 
the Mexican War, achieving distinction as a young lieutenant, and then 



44 SlXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

he was sent as a commissioner to the Crimean War and wrote a report 
about that famous struggle which was published by the government in 
book form. No one else, they thought, had so many elements of great- 
ness, and his early renown in the Civil War was believed to rest on a solid 
foundation, as shown by real generalship on the Peninsula and in the 
Antietam campaign. 

Still, the soldiers were loyal and their opinions and impressions did 
not interefere in the least degree with their fidelity or their disciphne. 
On they moved, confident and imperturbed, with the sound of battle on 
their right, at the various gaps in the Blue Ridge, as the outposts came in 
contact, toward that region in Virginia where the mighty conflicts of the 
war were yet to take place between the giants on both sides of the bloody 
struggle. 

By an order originating at the War Department, a detail was made 
on Nov. 8th, 1862, from the 61st, consisting of Adjutant W. Gibson 
Miller, and Sergeants Brewer of Company A and Ryan of Company H, 
to proceed to Harrisburg to bring recruits for the regiment to the front. 
This detail proceeded by rail from Warrenton to Washington, arriving in 
the latter city a few hours ahead of Gen. McClellan, who was proceeding 
to Trenton, N. J., where he was ordered to report. He was greeted every- 
where with the greatest enthusiasm, crowds thronging every movement 
and waiting impatiently his arrival at each station where a glimpse could 
be obtained of the famous deposed Union general. 





COLONEL GEORGE C. SPEER 

Killed in Charge of Marye's Heights, May 3rd, 1863 



CHAPTER IV. 

FREDERICKSBURG. 

"It would be too much to say that there are no 
sadder stories in mihtary history than that of the 
Army of the Potomac, but its story is sad enough. 
It fought through to the end, it did its work, and 
gained its crown, but its path was long and rough 
and seldom cheered, and one of its saddest and 
sharpest experiences was its brave, hopeless effort 
at Fredericksburg." 

Gen. F. W. Palfrey. 

The same order which relieved Gen. McClellan appointed Gen. 
Ambrose E. Burnside his successor. Of the qualifications of this officer 
for such a command, the army knew nothing, but as he was an educated 
soldier it was assumed the authorities at Washington knew what they 
were about. At all events, the army had implicit confidence in the honesty 
and patriotism of the President and if errors occurred they were charged 
to his advisers, with the understanding he would correct a mistake when 
discovered, regardless^ of politics or mere personal influence. In this 
spirit the whole army moved forward. 

On Nov. 16th, 1862, the 61st moved by Catletts Station to Cedar 
Run. The 17th and 18th, guarding supply trains, the regiment moved to 
Stafford court house, where it remained two weeks. On Dec. 5th the 61st 
advanced to Belle Plains, Va., crossing the Acquia Creek on the railroad 
bridge, camping for the night in a severe snowstorm, which continued two 
days, the ground freezing hard and the snow drifting before a strong wind. 
That night it was hard to keep warm under blankets that had been wet 
and then frozen stiff, except the part in contact with the body. 

On Dec. 9th, 1862, the 61st, with other troops, were ordered to pre- 
pare three days' cooked rations and be ready to move the next day, each 
soldier having sixty rounds of ammunition. On the 11th the 61st moved 
to the Rappahannock River at Franklin's Crossing below Fredericksburg, 
and the day following crossed the river on a pontoon bridge, advancing 
toward the Union left under heavy artillery fire, part of the time on the 
open plateau without shelter, and in the latter part of the afternoon pro- 
tected by a ravine near the river. The next day, Saturday, Dec. 13th, 
the sanguinary and discouraging Battle of Fredericksburg was fought. 
The rebel line of battle, in a semi-circle 11,500 feet long, commanded the 
Rappahannock River above and below the town of Fredericksburg; it 
occupied the crest of a series of hills, the principal of which, half a mile 



46 SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

in rear of the town, guarding the roads leading westerly and southerly, 
was called Marye's Heights, where, behind stone walls, in rifle pits and 
sunken ways, the rebel infantry was well protected and the artillery had 
embrasures for over a hundred guns. According to reliable authority, 
the enemy had on an average six men for every yard of their line, being 
one-fifth more than was necessary to defend such a position. The rebel 
force numbered 78,000, commanded by Gen. Lee, whose principal lieuten- 
ants present were Longstreet, Jackson, the two Hills, the two Andersons, 
and Gen. Stuart, with nine regiments of Virginia cavalry. The Union 
army present numbered 113,000, divided into three grand divisions of 
two corps each, under Sumner on the right. Hooker in the center, and 
Franklin on the left. The 61st was in Franklin's grand division, Smith's 
6th Corps, Newton's 3d Division, Cochrane's 1st Brigade, which latter 
consisted of the 23d, 61st and 82d Pa., 65th, 67th and 122d N. Y. 

The 6th Corps was next to the town on Franklin's right, the 1st and 
2d divisions being in the front line in the morning, with the 3d division, 
Newton's, in the second line. The 61st, with other troops of the brigade 
and division, during the day moved from place to place over the vast 
plain between the river and the enemy's position, subject to artillery fire, 
sometimes in range of the rebel infantry, but taking no other part in the 
battle and having no opportunity to assail the foe. 

Meantime the severe fight at Marye's Heights could be heard, and 
on the left Pennsylvania troops under Generals Meade and Reynolds had 
a bloody and useless engagement. Toward evening the 61st moved into 
the front line near the Union left, but darkness coming on, the regiment 
was not seriously engaged. The day is remembered by the survivors of 
the 61st as one of general anxiety, as a large part of the army in sight was 
doing nothing except trying to dodge the enemy's shells while the roar of 
battle was nearly continuous, at places, to the right and left. That 
evening the Union Army occupied the field and the men gradually learned 
what had happened during the day. On the left, in hearing and sometimes 
in sight, a hard and unsuccessful battle had been fought by about one- 
third of the Union troops, the others being mere spectators. Isolated 
rebel positions, skillfully fortified, had been assailed and carried at great 
loss and later abandoned for lack of support. 

The 61st lost 2 killed, 3 wounded and one captured; total, 6 at Freder- 
icksburg. The total loss of the army was 1,180 killed, 9,029 wounded, 
2,145 missing; total, 12,354. A large proportion of the wounded lay 
two days on the field without any attention. The rebel loss was 5,309. 

A remarkable feature of this battle was that the right and center 
grand divisions sustained a loss of 8,630 in the town and at Marye's Heights 
inflicting loss on the enemy of only 1,894, while the left grand division 
sustained loss of 3,415. This illustrates the advantage of a good position 
like Marye's Heights, protected by abatis and a heavy stone wall, 
well defended, where for every rebel lost the Union Army sacrificed more 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS 47 

than four men. On the left, where the rebels had less shelter and fought 
without any, part of the time, the loss on both sides was nearly equal. 
On Dec. 14th and 15th the armies faced each other, the 61st shifting 
position several times under fire, but without loss, and on Monday night, 
Dec. 16th, in a storm of wind and rain, the army recrossed the river, 
returning to the camps occupied before the battle, about two miles north 
of Fredericksburg. 

Here the 61st remained until Jan. 20th, when it moved with the 
army on the "Mud March," so-called, in which Gen. Burnside sought to 
surprise the enemy and cross the Rappahannock River near Banks or 
United States Ford. James M. Walker, of Company A, in his diary 
describes the "Mud March" as follows: 

"We started in fair weather, but had not proceeded far when the 
rain began to fall in torrents, overflowing beds of all small streams and 
saturating the soil until it became under our feet a sort of tough paste in 
which we sank from three to nine inches, in places with much labor per- 
forming each step. The 61st deserves credit for keeping together on the 
march. Company A had no stragglers and we believe ver}^ few in the 
regiment. On the 21st reached the vicinity of United States Ford and 
stopped in a thicket of small pines. Tried to dry our clothes some and 
cook coffee on lires made of green pine tops. We rested on the 23d and 
then began the backward march again, verily wading back. In one place 
crossed a slough or bed of small stream by leaping from bank to the body 
of a nearly submerged mule and from that by another leap to the opposite 
bank. This was so slow a performance that part of the boys made a 
detour to the left and found a place where they could cross on some sticks 
thrown in the marsh." 

The average distance travelled was not over twenty miles. The 
pontoon and supph'^ trains were nearly all stalled on the 21st. On the 
return, during the afternoon of the 23d, after the ravine had been crossed 
with a dead mule for a pier, some newspaper correspondents rode along 
the line among the troops as they trudged through the sticky mud. On 
seeing these valiant knights of the quill, whose papers were always demand- 
ing an immediate advance, a soldier sang out, "Why don't the army move?" 
This cry was at once taken up by the men, who fired all sorts of other 
questions at the correspondents, such as, "When did you learn to be a 
general?" "Does your mother know you're out?" "What do you get apiece 
for lies?" and many other pointed queries that would not look well in 
print. 

Returning to camp from the Mud March, January 24th, the 61st 
remained in temporary winter quarters until Feb. 3d, 1863, when the 
Light division of the 6th Corps was formed, including the 61st regiment, 
which was selected as one of the most reliable and trusty regiments avail- 
able. Then the regiment moved to Belle Plains near the Landing, where 



48 SIXTY-FIRST REG I MEN T 

it remained for the winter, on the side of a hill in comfortable huts, eating 
"soft bread" made at a new bakery built by the men. 

The formation of the Light division was an experiment which had 
little effect except as a distinct honor to the regiments composing it. The 
idea was to form in each corps a division of experienced, sturdy men who 
would always be ready to move instantly with a battery of artillery, 
veteran "minute men" constantly supplied with a hundred rounds of 
ammunition and eight days' rations. It was understood the best regi- 
ments were selected for this service and they were to camp in such places 
as to render them available for emergencies. The Light division of the 
6th Corps, organized Feb. 3d, 1863, was composed as follows: 61st Pa., 
31st and 43d N. Y., 6th Me. and 5th Wise, with Harris' Light Battery, 
3d N. Y. Artillery. 

The next day, after formation of the Light division, Gen. John Sedg- 
wick took command of the 6th Corps, superseding Gen. vSmith. This was 
an important event for the new commander, who was to lose his life in 
fifteen months at Spottsylvania after getting distinction as an able officer 
and associating his name with the 6th Corps, whose great fame, in part 
he helped to achieve. 

In camp at Belle Plains, Col. Spear, using a new blank on parchment, 
issued formal appointments to all the non-commissioned officers. Some of 
the documents are still preserved by the men as mementos of an interest- 
ing period. These non-commissioned officers were subject to removal at 
the pleasure of the colonel, who was the real appointing power. 

While these various matters were transpiring in camp, the govern- 
ment at Washington was profoundly agitated over the lack of success in the 
Army of the Potomac. On Jan. 25th, 1863, by direction of the President, 
Gen. Burnside at his own request was relieved and Gen. Joseph Hooker 
was assigned to command the army. On the next day, Jan. 26th, Hooker 
issued an order assuming command, and the same day, by request, visited 
the President in Washington. While at the White House Hooker received 
from the President a confidential letter remarkable for its frankness and 
most important as a historic document because it shows from the highest 
source the state of mind in and out of the army concerning leaders and 
military affairs. This letter will help the reader to understand that the 
soldiers, while discharging their duties, were living in an atmosphere of 
doubt and uncertainty, where lack of confidence in officers was a con- 
spicuous feature, and it also shows some reasons for the affectionate esteem 
in which the President was then held. In view of Hooker's history to 
that time and what occurred in the next ensuing five months, the letter 
shows in a striking way how hard pressed the government was for com- 
manders when such an officer was placed at the head of the largest Union 
army. The letter reads as follows: 



PEN N SYLVAN I A VOLUNTEERS 49 

"Executive Mansion, Washington, D. C, 
Jan. 26th, 1863. 
"Major-General Hooker: 

"I have placed you at the head of the Army of the Potomac. Of 
course I have done this upon what appears to me to be sufficient reasons, 
and yet think it best for you to know that there are some things in regard 
to which I am not quite satisfied with you. 1 believe you to be a brave 
and skillful soldier, which, of course, I like. I also believe you do not 
mix politics with your profession, in which you are right. You have 
confidence in yourself, which is a valuable, if not indispensable, quality. 
You are ambitious, which within reasonable bounds does good rather than 
harm. But I think that during Gen. Burnside's command of the army 
you have taken counsel of your ambition and thwarted him as much as 
you could, in which you did a great wrong to the country and to a most 
meritorious and honorable brother officer. I have heard in such a way 
as to believe it of your recently saying that both the army and the govern- 
ment needed a dictator. Of course, it was not for this, but in spite of it, 
that I have given you the command. Only those generals who gain success 
can set up dictators. What I now ask of you is military success and I 
will risk the dictatorship. 

"The government will support you to the utmost of its ability, which 
is neither more nor less than it has done and will do for all commanders. 
I much fear that the spirit which you have aided to infuse into the army, 
criticizing their commander and withholding confidence from him, will 
now turn upon you. I will assist you as far as I can to put it down. Neither 
you nor Napoleon, if he were alive, again, could get any good out of an 
army while such a spirit prevailed in it, and now 'beware of rashness,' 
but with energy and sleepless vigilance go forward and give us victories. 

"Yours very truly, 

"A. Lincoln." 

The troops received the new commander with hearty satisfaction, 
believing he was a real general, capable of great things, and they liked 
the changes he made in granting more furloughs to deserving men in 
winter when they could do nothing; also the better system regulating 
details of picket duty and more promptness in relation to rations. 
Toward the end of April, 1863, the Army of the Potomac was reviewed by 
President Lincoln, accompanied by Secretary of vState Seward. The day 
was fine and the army made a splendid appearance. The President, 
mounted on a horse, wearing a black suit and silk hat well pulled down 
to his ears, although a good horseman, presented a grotesque appearance 
compared to Gen. Hooker, an expert rider, in a major-general's uniform. 
Sec. Seward, apparently a poor rider, was a caricature; his stirrups, having 
no toe guards, permitted his feet to extend through to the insteps, and his 
trousers, not being held down by the usual straps around the foot, were 
pulled up half-way to his knees, revealing white stockings. The Secretary 



50 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 



of State seemed in constant danger of falling off, especially as the horse 
changed his gait from a trot to a canter or slowed down to a walk. The 
President, as he sat on his horse during the second part of the review while 
the troops marched by, had an indescribably sad expression and his eyes 
were sunken to an incredible extent. He may have had a presentiment of 
the bloody slaughter to occur in the next two weeks, as he fondly gazed 
on the brave men moving along so nobly before him. Possibly the tragic 
end of his own career within two years was mysteriously oppressing his 
buoyant spirits. 

At the time of this review the 61st was in fine condition. With 
recruited ranks and a full complement of field and line officers, well 
clothed, adequately equipped and paid up to the preceding month, the 
regiment was prepared for the service soon to be exacted. The entire 
army shared the hopeful feeling of the 61st. The dreary experiences on 
the Peninsula, the disasters of the Pope campaign, the sanguinary struggles 
at Antietam, the unwelcome retirement of McClellan, the terrible losses 
at Fredericksburg, and Burnside's futile Mud March, were remembered 
only as so many severe lessons to guide Gen. Hooker, the new commander- 
in-chief, while planning fresh movements to suppress rebellion and restore 
the Union. 




CHAPTER V. 

MARYE'S HEIGHTS. 

"A grander spectacle cannot be imagined. 
There were the hills, enough to fatigue any man 
to climb them without a load and with no one to 
oppose. At the foot of the hills were thousands of 
the enemy, pouring in volleys of musketry, and on 
the heights were their lines of earthworks, with 
artillery, from which came grape and canister in a 
frightful storm. But the boys pushed nobly, stead- 
ily on, the rebels steadily retreating. Thus the 
heights were won. It was a glorious day for the 
Sixth Corps. Never was a charge more gallantly 
made." 

Storming of Marye's Heights. 
Stevens. 

In April, 1863, the rebel arm}^ under Gen. Lee, occupied Fred- 
ericksburg, its flanks extending from Bank's Ford above the town to 
Port Royal below, commanding all the crossings between the two points. 
The Union Army, under Gen. Hooker, was posted opposite Fredericksburg 
among the Stafford hills, controlling all the territory between the Rappa- 
hannock and the Potomac rivers. 

Gen. Hooker planned an aggressive campaign having three main 
features. Gen. »Stoneman, with ten thousand cavalry, was to 
move in rear of the rebel army, cutting communication and operat- 
ing against the source of rebel supplies. Gen. Sedgwick, with the 6th 
Corps, was to demonstrate toward the Union left and at the proper time 
cross the river, take Fredericksburg and stand ready to cooperate with 
the main army, which was to concentrate eight miles away at Chancel- 
lorsville. To carry out this triple plan. Gen. Hooker had, counting the 
cavalry and the artillery, 280 guns, 124,500 men, divided into seven corps, 
1st, 2d, 3d, 5th, 6th, 11th and 12th, the commanders in the order named 
being Reynolds, Couch, Sickles, Meade, Sedgwick, Howard and Slocum, 
and the cavalry under Gen. vStoneman. The grand divisions had been 
abolished in February. 

On April 28th, 1863, the campaign opened and the 61st left its winter 
quarters and moved to the bluffs overlooking the Rappahannock River 
below Fredericksburg, at the point called Franklin's Crossing, where the 
left wing crossed in December, 1862. After dark the regiment, in several 
detachments, leaving guns and equipment behind under guard, moved to 



52 SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT 

the pontoon train nearby and carried the boats half a mile from the bluffs 
to the river, quietly depositing them in the water, where they were tem- 
porarily moored. This work began soon after dark and was not completed 
until 2 o'clock the next morning. The service was taxing on the physical 
resources, to say nothing of the loss of sleep. Forty men were assigned 
to every boat, ten on each side, and two reliefs. When they got tired they 
set the boat down and changed reliefs, proceeding noiselessly so as not 
to attract the vigilant enemy on the opposite shore. When the boats 
were left in the water, the 61st, after getting guns and equipment, was 
allowed some hours for recuperation. In the meantime, as day dawned, 
twenty of the boats, manned by the oarsmen from the engineer corps, 
were used to ferry over a thousand infantry, twenty in each boat. These 
brave men deployed up and down the south bank, sweeping away all 
rebel pickets and taking possession of their first line of rifle pits near the 
shore, capturing several hundred prisoners. At seven o'clock in the 
morning, in a fog then gradually rising, work began on the two bridges; 
the first one consisting of 16 boats, making a bridge 420 feet long, exclusive 
of approaches, was completed in 45 minutes. The infantry, massed in 
readiness, crowded on and began moving over, while the pioneer corps 
with shovels graded the approaches for the artillery and trains. An hour 
and a half was taken for the next bridge, fifty feet away, there being more 
grading and less need for quick work. The boats, eight feet wide, twenty 
feet long, in forming the bridges were placed side by side, 26 feet from 
center to center. Across the boats were placed lines of 3 x 8 stringers, 
about three feet apart, extending the entire length of the bridge, and 
across the stringers the bridge floor was laid, of two-inch plank, each 12 
inches wide and 12 feet long. Over the floor, near the end of the plank, 
two other lines of stringers were placed as a guard, leaving a space about 
10 feet wide in the center for the passage of men and vehicles. 

Some conception can be gained of the rapidity of this bridge work 
by considering what had to be done to form one bridge. The 16 boats 
were floated in position and held, the 2,000 feet of stringers placed, the 420 
plank laid, the top 840 feet of stringers arranged and fastened. All this 
moving of boats and handling of a thousand pieces of material proceeded 
systematically, so that the bridge was completed as fast as the boats were 
floated into place, and when the last one reached its position the infantry 
already moving as the work progressed, began jumping ashore and climb- 
ing up the bank to pursue the enemy retreating across the meadows 
before the crashing discharges from a battery of 30 Union guns on the 
bluff's, firing over the heads of the bridge builders. These pontoon boats 
were made of wood, others were composed in part of canvas. During this 
Chancellorsville campaign, 14 bridges at the different fords were laid, 
five of which were taken up and relaid the second time. Gen. H. W. 
Benham, engineer in charge of the bridges, submitted interesting reports 
covering all of his work, which may be found in Rebellion Records, Series 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 53 

1, Volume 25, Part I., Pages 204 to 216. He gives the date, hour and 
place, with a schedule indicating the time consumed in laying each bridge. 

These details are here given to illustrate the art of bridge building 
in presence of the enemy. In Harper's History of the Civil War, Volume 

2, Pages 490 to 492, there are striking pictures showing the construction 
of the two bridges by the 6th Corps at Franklin's Crossing while picket 
firing is in progress on each shore and shells from the Union guns are 
bursting over the rebel rifle pits and among the retreating "Johnnies" 
beyond. 

On May 1st the 61st crossed the river and proceeded to the Union 
left into the front line, where it remained one day, maneuvering with 
other troops as a diversion in favor of Hooker's command at Chancel- 
lorsville. In the afternoon of May 2d the regiment recrossed the river 
to the north side, and that night, soon after dark, it again crossed to the 
south side and moved slowly and laboriously into the lower part of Fred- 
ericksburg. As usual, a hea\y fog prevailed at dawn, but the troops 
proceeded gradually forward through deserted streets, skirmish firing, 
with occasional shots from cannon, being heard on the left. Finally, 
toward ten o'clock, the sun came out brilliantly, dispelling the fog and 
introducing a radiant Sunday morning, but the church bells were silent 
and the worshippers invisible. 

All was quiet, with an ominous seriousness on the faces of the higher 
officers as they rode anxiously back and forth in the old streets. Not far 
from eleven o'clocir a report started that the 6th Corps was to charge 
Marye's Heights, with comments on such an enterprise considering that 
five times the number of the 6th Corps had failed to take these heights in 
the preceding December. A little later another report more interesting 
because more personal, became current, and that was that the 61st was to 
lead the charge. Increased activity among the officers indicated that 
warm work was at hand. Col. Spear took a precaution unprecedented 
before or after. He called the Sergeants of the 61st together and told 
them the rebel works were to be attacked, explained the contemplated 
movement and then gravely said, "You are dismissed and God bless 
you." 

At last, toward noon, the men of the 61st were ordered to strip for a 
charge, which they did, leaving under guard in Princess Anne street 
everything but guns and cartridge boxes. Two columns were to charge 
simultaneously at different points, one to be led by Col. Johns of the 7th 
Mass., who was a graduate of West Point. He was to lead his own regi- 
ment and the 36th N. Y., supported by the light division, the other column 
to be led by Col. Spear of the 61st, consisting of the 61st, his own regi- 
ment, and the 43d. N. Y., supported by Shaler's brigade. Gen. Sedgwick 
himself supervised this movement, assisted by Gen. Newton, the division 
commander, and by Gen. Warren, who was present representing Gen. 
Hooker. Up to this time, 11 A. M., the troops to make the assault had 



54 SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

never seen the famous rebel works. The regiments were massed in 
streets running parallel to the Heights, out of sight of the enemy. The 
fortifications to be taken consisted of earthworks with embrasures for 
cannon, the infantry in rifle pits and behind a stone wall. The distance 
from where the charging column started to the rebel works was about 
300 yards. Midway between the starting point and the rebel works was 
a mill race, unfordable, spanned by bridges of the ordinary width, one to 
be crossed by Johns' column and the other by Spear's. These bridges, 
being commanded by the rebel infantry and artillery, were allowed to 
remain, the enemy considering it impossible for the troops to cross in the 
face of their fire. 

The column under Spear was to charge along a street running through 
the rebel works and connecting with the Chancellorsville plank road. 
On the enemy's side of the mill race and the left side of the road Spear 
was to take, was a brick tannery to which the ground descended from the 
level of the road forming a slight depression between the road and the 
building about ten feet wide and as long as the building. Beyond the 
tannery the road ascended toward the rebel works through a cut. The 
fortifications to be taken extended at right angles to the right and the left 
of the road along the crest of the ridge. The tactical movement was 
planned as follows: The 61st to lead by the flank, left in front, and, after 
passing the tannery, was to file left marching the length of the regiment 
parallel with the rebel works and then face to the front toward the enemy 
and lie down. The 43d N. Y. was to follow, right in front and after passing 
the tannery, file right, march the length of the regiment and face to the 
front, when both regiments as one line were to charge the rebel works. 
Neither regiment was to do any firing, both to rely on the cold steel and 
move double quick. When all preparations were made the Union bat- 
teries opened wherever they could get a position and the columns with 
fixed bayonets moved forward. Major Dawson was at the head of the 
61st and Col. Spear about the center. Instead of fihng left after passing 
the tannery Dawson rushed on, discovering his mistake only after getting 
into the cut. He then stopped and undertook to go back and rectify the 
error. Few men heard his order even at the front and his movement was 
not understood. Meantime Spear was killed and the enemy ran out 
artillery and fired grape and canister down the road taking the column in 
flank and slaughtering many brave men who were helpless and uncertain 
which way to go, and the rebel infantry poured in a deadly fire from the 
rifle pits. Some of the 61st took shelter in the depression by the tannery 
while others ran back over the bridge where Gen. Shaler met them and 
said, "It is not your fault — go back, every man for himself, and take the 
battery." The 61st men, led by Shaler on horseback started back on a 
run and accompanied and followed by the 43d N. Y., those by the tan- 
nery joining, and all going over the rebel works in an irresistible rush, 
taking the battery and capturing or dispersing all the enemy in sight. 



PENNSYLVANIA VO LUN TEERS 55 

Other assaulting columns were also successful and all the heights were taken 
by the 6th Corps. Many rebels surrendered while thousands fled across 
the fields, their pace accelerated by missiles from the victorious assailants. 
On reaching the Heights a gun of the rebel Washington artillery was 
just starting away when a member of Company K, 61st, shot one of the 
horses, and the gun was then captured. Gen. Shaler's advance on horse- 
back, as above stated, was a great exhibition of coolness under fire. The 
road, and especially the bridge, was strewn with killed and wounded. 
The rider and the horse seemed equally careful to avoid further injury to 
the prostrate men, the noble animal being permitted, regardless of danger, 
to pick his steps while slowly advancing amid the din of conflict. Com- 
rades of Gen. Shaler in New York long afterwards presented him with a 
large oil painting of the scene as he crossed the bridge. The likeness of 
the general is very good and the other features of the picture are striking 
and impressive. Prior to the general's death, the painting was at the 
Union League rooms. 

Col. Spear was a brave and efficient officer, whose death was sincerely 
mourned. He had commanded the regiment nearly a year, showing at 
all times the best soldierly qualities, joined to a considerate kindness and 
manly personality. 

In his report, Gen. Sedgwick, referring to the two assaulting columns, 
said: "These movements were gallantly executed under a most des- 
tructive fire." After taking the fortifications, the Corps halted several 
hours to allow Gen^rooks' division back at the river to come up and lead 
in the pursuit. Gen. Hooker having ordered Sedgwick to come to Chan- 
cellorsville. When this fresh division came up at 3 P. M., the rebels 
were followed about four miles to Salem Church, where the enemy, rein- 
forced by troops from Lee's army, had taken a strong position on a range 
of hills. A terrific fight occurred between the rebels and the advanced 
division, but night coming on, nothing decisive was accomplished on either 
side, except that the Union pursuit was stopped and the 6th Corps held 
the field for the night. In order to understand what occurred to the 6th 
Corps the next day, it is necessary to state briefly the situation at Chancel- 
lorsville and what the cavalry had been doing. As to the latter, the 
cavalry, nothing of any importance was accomplished. Gen. Hooker, with 
the main army, had concentrated at and near Chancellorsville, occupying 
part of the region fought over a year later in the Battle of the Wilderness. 
The Union Army, in effecting the crossing and getting into position, had 
achieved a noted advantage, because the rebels were compelled to come 
out from behind their works and fight in the open fields and woods. On 
May 1st the rebels offered strong resistance, which was being gradually 
overcome as the army got into position, but when victory was in sight 
the Union generals were halted and some of the troops ordered back, 
leaving important positions to be occupied by the enemy. It was after 
this that the rebel general Jackson, encouraged by Hooker's timidity. 



56 SI XTY-FIRS T REGIMENT 

proposed to Gen. Lee a flank movement to the right and rear of the Union 
Army. Jackson was to take with him his entire corps of 26,000 men, 
with his artillery and a strong force of cavalry, leaving in front of the 
Union Army a force not over one-fourth of its number. Early in the 
morning of May 2d, Jackson started, Gen. Lee making bold movements 
along the Union line to deceive Hooker. Jackson's column was observed 
at several points as it hurried along, and the information duly reported, 
but the impression prevailed that the rebels were retreating, and no 
adequate provision was made to meet the impending attack. Finally, 
about five o'clock Jackson suddenly burst upon the Union right and rear, 
taking it by surprise, and in less than one hour practically annihilated the 
11th Army Corps under Gen. Howard, capturing artillery and many 
prisoners and compelling the Union Army on the right to move back. 
As darkness came on to put an end to a hard fight and a rough mixup on 
both sides, Jackson was mortally wounded and carried from the field. 
The next morning. May 3d, the fight was renewed, the rebels pressing 
Hooker's army with tremendous energy and courage, gaining permanent 
advantage at several points. Hooker was injured by a cannon-ball 
striking a porch column against which he was leaning. He did not leave 
the field or turn over the command. About 37,000 of the Union troops 
present were not put into the fight and never fired a shot. The Chancel- 
lors ville battle of May 3d gradually subsided about noon, when Gen. 
Lee heard of the capture of Fredericksburg by the 6th Corps that morn- 
ing. The rebels, by their bold tactics and hard fighting, had intimidated 
Gen. Hooker, and Lee did not hesitate to send a large part of his army to 
assail the 6th Corps, which Hooker supinely abandoned to its fate. He 
neither reinforced the 6th Corps nor ordered it to retire, nor did he make 
any cooperative movement of his own army for its relief. On the morn- 
ing of May 4th, the 6th Corps faced the enemy it had fought the night 
before, and stretched its left wing clear back to Fredericksburg to guard 
the rich prize taken the day before and prevent the rebels from getting 
in the rear and cutting off retreat to the river in case of necessity. In 
the meantime, reinforcements poured down from Lee's army, concentrated 
against the front and left of the corps, and during the early morning 
actually retook Marye's Heights. By four o'clock in the afternoon the 
6th Corps was formed like the letter "U," with its flanks through strong 
picket lines resting on the river above and below Bank's Ford, the total 
length of its front being about ten miles. The rebels were on all sides 
except toward the river. The corps then numbered 18,000 men, with 55 
guns and no cavalry. Heavy skirmishing was kept up until about six 
o'clock in the evening, when the combined rebel force under the personal 
direction of Gen. Lee, advanced, seeking especially to break through the 
Union left. A lively fight then began all along the line. The front 
retired from one position to another, the artillery going at full gallop to 
each new position, every regiment of infantry being engaged, with no 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEE RS 57 

reserves. At one point, about dusk, the 61st, among its other movements, 
was rushed into position to resist a rebel advance, and had barely formed 
in line when a Union battery galloped up and opened on it, supposing the 
regiment to be a rebel line. The range was short and the regiment suffered 
severely. Soon, however, the battery was informed of the mistake and 
shown the rebels advancing out of a strip of woods. The gunners, as if 
to make amends, assailed the rebel column, uniting with the 61st in driv- 
ing it out of sight with great slaughter. The fighting continued until 
after dark, and the 61st, with other troops, spent the night, until two 
o'clock in the morning, moving to various threatened points and perfect- 
ing the corps line so as to exclude the rebels, everywhere pressing to get 
through so as to destroy the bridges. Finally, between two and three 
A. M., May 5th, the regiment recrossed the Rappahannock River at 
Bank's Ford on two pontoon bridges, taking position in the woods, where 
hot coffee was keenly relished. The next day, after the bridges had been 
removed, the regiment marched back to camp, mingling on the way with 
the silent and disgusted soldiers from Chancellorsville. 

The loss of the 61st May 3d and 4th, as given by Gen. Sedgwick, in 
his official report was, officers killed, 1 ; wounded, 5 ; men killed, 7 ; wounded, 
59; missing, 16; total, 88. Major Dawson, who took command after 
Spear's death, reporting for the regiment, said ten men were killed, and 
Col. Fox, in his list of losses, taken from official sources, says the regiment 
had 15 killed, the truth being seven of the wounded men died on the field 
or in Fredericksburg within the next twenty-four hours. The actual 
loss was, therefore, officers killed, 1 ; wounded, 5; men killed, 15; wounded, 
52; missing, 16; total, 89. The following is a list of the officers lost: 
Killed, Col. George C. Spear; wounded, Capt. Jacob Creps, Company A; 
Capt. Wm. W. Ellis, Company D; Capt. George W. Crosby, Company G; 
Lieut. Eugene C. Koerner, Company B; and Lieut. George F. Harper, 
Company B, the latter dying from his wounds May 18th, 1863. The loss 
of the 6th Corps was 4,570, of the entire army, 16,030. 

In writing the history of the 61st regiment, it is not necessary to 
describe the whole campaign or attempt any estimate of the merit of 
commanding generals, but it is desirable that the general situation be 
understood as bearing on the spirit of the men and the dauntless resolu- 
tion with which they discharged every duty, willingly offering their lives. 
Including Bull Run and Balls Bluff, the Peninsula Campaign, Pope's 
operations, maneuvers in the Shenandoah Valley, Harper's Ferry, Antietam, 
Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, the Union loss to May 18th, 1863, 
counting the sick, was not less than 200,000 men; probably the aggregate 
loss was more than double the number of effective men in the Army of the 
Potomac at any one time. 

While the soldiers were highly dissatisfied they retained full faith in 
the ultimate success of their cause and were to furnish within two months 



58 SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

the most mangnificent exhibition of steady fortitude, of gallant efficiency, 
of unconquerable intrepidity. 

The Army of the Potomac now sounded the depths of humiliation 
for the last time. It is to be bafHed and resisted by the rebels with death- 
less valor. It is to make appalling sacrifices, to fight battles more bloody 
than any it has yet seen. It is to witness carnage the historian staggers to 
describe. But it is to leave no battlefield except as a victor. Though 
its commander is to be changed once more, its defeats have been chronicled 
for the last time. While its losses will startle the world, its failures will 
furnish no more glaring headlines. 

On May 8th, 1863, the 61st camped at White Oak Church, three 
miles from Fredericksburg, toward the left of the Union Army. The 
location was pleasant and the regiment rapidly recovered its usual good 
spirits. On the 11th Gen. Sedgwick issued an order terminating the 
Light division and assigning the regiments to other brigades, the 61st 
going to the 3d brigade, 2d division, 6th corps, where it remained until 
mustered out June 28tli, 1865, at the close of the war. While in camp 
at this place, Gen. Hooker also issued definite orders assigning to each 
corps and division its badge to be worn by the officers and men, and for 
corps, division and brigade headquarters, and for ambulances, supply 
and other trains. All the corps had red for the 1st division, white for 
the 2d and blue for the 3d, the shape of the badge indicating the corps. 
The 6th Corps badge was a Greek cross, of which in time the men became 
very proud, as the organization gained more fame in every battle, includ- 
ing the last one at Sailors Creek, April 6th, 1865. The official badges 
were cut out of woolen cloth and sewed to the caps or hats, while the 
ensigns used for headquarters were made of bunting large enough to be 
seen with the naked eye for a quarter of a mile. Many of the officers 
and soldiers also provided themselves with badges made of tin, of silver, 
gold and other substances, having the appropriate shape and color, with 
artistic workmanship. The 61st, composing a part of the 2d division, 
6th corps, had a white Greek cross, which many had made of silver and 
pinned on to the lapel of the coat or used in the buttonhole. This metal 
was then something of a novelty, having been out of circulation for two 
years before the badges were adopted. Many of the silver crosses are 
still preserved by the members of the 61st and their families. It is in- 
teresting to observe that the custom of wearing symbolic buttons and 
other badges, now so common, originated in the Civil War, when there 
was a real necessity for ready means of identification. An official list of 
all army badges, with pictures thereof, may be found in Phisterere's 
Statistical Record, pages 55 to 60. 



CHAPTER VI. 

GETTYSBURG. 

"What the Battle of Waterloo was to Napo- 
leon, the Battle of Gettysburg proved to the Con- 
federates. Though not resulting in the immediate 
downfall of their power, Gettysburg was the blow 
which made it reel and finally totter to its destruc- 
tion. 

"The persistency in action of the Union Army 
was largely due to the steadfast purpose of the 
privates in the ranks. They had come to that 
ground to gain victory and it was not in their 
counsels to leave it or be pushed from it until that 
end was attained." 

Samuel P. Bates. 

In the memorable campaign now to be described, the 61st, com- 
manded by Lieut. Col. George F. Smith, as before indicated, belonged to 
the 3d Brigade, 2d Division, 6th Corps. The brigade was commanded 
by Brigadier Gen."^hos. H. Neill, the division by Brig. Gen. A. P. Howe, 
and the corps by Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick. Eight batteries of artillery 
belonged to the corps. The army had twenty-three batteries of reserve 
artillery besides the batteries assigned to the several corps, the total 
number of guns being 300. The 3d Brigade was composed as follows: 
7th Me., 43d, 49th, 77th N. Y., and 61st Pa. 

On the morning of June 5th, 1863, the 6th Corps marched from White 
Oak Church to the Rappahannock River at Franklin's Crossing below 
Fredericksburg. That afternoon the pontonniers laid two bridges on 
which the 61st with the 2d Division crossed the next morning and drove 
the enemy back to their fortifications on and near the hill where so much 
fighting occurred at the two previous battles. This movement was both 
a reconnaissance and a diversion. The 61st was relieved on the evening 
of the 7th and recrossed to the north side, camping on the bluffs, where 
it remained until June 14th subject to artillery fire from rebel batteries 
on the other side until they were silenced by the Union guns of longer 
range. 

On June 14th, Sunday, the regiment marched to Potomac Creek, 
where it halted to allow the corps trains to pass, then marched all night, 
arriving at Dumfries June 15th at 5 P. M. This night and day march of 
32 hours over bad roads was exceedingly taxing and many stragglers were 
necessarily left behind. Leaving Dumfries at 5 A. M., June 16th, the 



60 SIXTY-FIR]ST REGIMENT 

regiment passed Occoquan Creek at 3 P. M. and halted at Fairfax Station, 
remaining there until June 18th and then marching to German town near 
Fairfax Court house, and later the same day to Centerville, where the 
2d Division formed line of battle to resist a rebel force in the neighbor- 
hood. On June 20th the 61st marched by Manassas Junction with Howe's 
2d Division to Bristoe Station on the Alexandria and Orange Railroad, 
where the division remained until June 25th and then moved to Center- 
ville. On June 26th, starting at daybreak the 61st with the 6th Corps 
marched to Dranesville, Va., a distance by the route followed of 35 miles. 
The next day, June 27th, the 6th Corps crossed the Potomac into Mary- 
land at Edward's Ferry, and that night the 61st camped near Poolesville. 
The next day, the 28th, the corps marched to Hyattstown by Sugar Loaf 
Mountain, making 20 miles. On this day Gen. Hooker was relieved from 
command of the Army of the Potomac and Gen. George G. Meade was 
appointed his successor. The new commander was from Pennsylvania. 
No announcement was made at the time of the change of commanders. 
Gen. Hooker left the army at Frederick, Md., going to Baltimore. On 
June 29th the 6th Corps moved through Newmarket, Ridgeville, Mount 
Airey Station, Sams Creek, to New Windsor, 23 miles, the 61st camp- 
ing near Johnsville. On June 30th the 6th Corps moved at 4 A. M. from 
New Windsor to Manchester by way of Westminster and Downsville, 
23 miles, the 61st aiding to remove obstructions placed along the road 
by the rebels. 

July 1st, 1863, 7 P. M., the 6th Corps started on its most celebrated 
march. The 61st was camped the night before two miles from Manchester, 
Md., near the road leading to Westminster. At 11 o'clock in the evening, 
when the weary soldiers were adjusting themselves for the night after a 
hot Maryland day, the familiar order came to "fall in," which in those 
days meant a move in from two to five minutes. Getting in line, 
the 61st with the 6th Corps started southwesterly toward Union Mills 
on the Baltimore Pike. 

During the night progress was very slow, the road being blocked by 
trains, and Gen. Sedgwick, the corps commander, seemed to be awaiting 
more definite orders. Finally near daybreak the Baltimore Pike was 
reached after a slow march of six hours, in which the corps only made about 
five miles. All experienced soldiers know that such a march is really 
.more wearisome than a brisk step, as the guns and other equipment always 
seem heavier on a slow movement, where obstructions interfere causing 
the men to stand in ranks for long periods, ready to move every moment. 

Therefore, by 3:30 A. M., July 2d, when glimpses of light appeared 
in the east, tokens of the end of a sultry night and harbingers of a melt- 
ing day, the men of the 6th Corps were tired and longed to go into camp, 
where guns could be stacked, knapsacks, haversacks, canteens and cart- 
ridge boxes unloaded, with opportunity for rest and sleep. And as the 
column turned to the right into the Baltimore Pike, it seemed the camp- 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS Cl- 

ing place had at last been reached and the exhausted men began to look 
for water and wonder which of the beautiful green fields they would 
occupy. 

But this stimulating allurement was of short duration. As the 
column stretched out on the old limestone pike, headed westerly, the 
step was lengthened and quickened and the dark blue line, reanimated, 
moved forward in silence, as if each one of the 15,000 realized that his 
services were needed on the greatest battlefield of the New World and in 
order to reach his struggling companions not a breath must be wasted 
in conversation. 

On and on M'ent the red, white and blue Greek crosses, up and down 
grades and around curves in a cloud of light gray dust arising from the 
hard road. 

It will be interesting to take a birdseye view of the other corps of 
the Army of the Potomac and its antagonist, the Army of Northern 
Virginia. The 6th Corps, the right of the Union Army, is hastening to 
join the other six corps at Gettysburg, where a fierce battle is raging, 
begun on the morning of July 1st, the day before, and which is to last 
all of the 2d and 3d. It was opened on the Union side by a division of 
cavalry, commanded by Gen. John Buford, resisting a superior force of 
rebel infantry and artillery. Buford's heroic defense held the enemy 
until the arrival of the 1st Corps under Gen. Reynolds. While this 
splendid corps was getting into position, its illustrious commander was 
instantly killed, leaving the battlefield under Gen. Doubleday, the brave 
artillery officer who helped to defend Fort Sumter. He made the best 
possible use of every man on the field, inflicting great punishment on the 
rebels as they concentrated in overwhelming numbers upon him. Then 
Gen. Howard arrived with the 11th Corps, and being superior in rank to 
Doubleday, took command, and the battle raged until late in the afternoon 
with disastrous results to the 11th Corps and fearful loss to the 1st. 

The Union Army was forced back south of Gettysburg, taking a 
position along Cemetery Ridge and on Gulp's Hill, where it was rein- 
forced by the 2d, 3d, 5th and 12th Corps, and where a terrific battle is 
to be fought. 

Meanwhile the 6th Corps, is rapidly covering the 20 miles of white 
limestone pike still separating it from the battlefield, never stopping until 
the men lay down in the shadow of Little Round Top, which was then 
sending up fire and smoke like a volcano in active eruption. 

Respecting this march. Gen. Sedgwick in his report said: " I arrived 
at Gettysburg at about 2 o'clock, having marched 35 miles from 11 o'clock 
the previous evening. I received no less than three messages by his, 
Meade's, aides urging me on." These messages accounted for the cease- 
less movement of the corps toward the battlefield which has been de- 
scribed by the author of this history for publication elsewhere as follows: 

"When the fighting on July 1st ended after sundown, the 6th Corps 



62 SIXTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 

was at Manchester, Md., thirty-four miles away, where it had camped for 
the night on its way toward Baltimore to head off the supposed movement 
of the enemy from York, Pa. After dark we were ordered to "fall in," 
and started in a few minutes back along the same road on which we had 
marched during the afternoon. Our supply and ammunition trains were 
in the way, greatly impeding our progress. None of us knew our desti- 
nation, but we suspected something important would soon occur. After 
midnight we turned to our right on a fine highway which proved to be the 
Baltimore Pike leading directly to Gettysburg. At six o'clock in the 
morning we stopped about thirty minutes for coffee and then resumed our 
march, never halting until we reached Little Round Top on the battle- 
field. 

"The 6th Corps at that time had 36 regiments of infantry, eight bat- 
teries of artillery and two companies of cavalry, and when stretched along 
a single road with its ammunition and supply trains the corps was over 
ten miles long. Such a march as the corps made to reach Gettysburg 
would have been a great achievement if the weather had been favorable 
and men unencumbered, considering that they were on their feet sub- 
stantially all the time from eight o'clock in the evening until afternoon 
of the next day, say sixteen hours. But in fact they were heavily encum- 
bered, each had a gun, forty rounds of ammunition, a canteen, a haver- 
sack and either a knapsack or a blanket swung over his shoulder; besides, 
the night was sultry, the day hot and the air filled with fine white dust 
created by the long moving column on the white limestone road. Though 
it may seem strange it is nevertheless true that we suffered for want of 
water. While each farmhouse had a spring or a well, we could not stop 
long enough to be supplied, and the quantity was insufficient, the first 
hundred men always taking the last drop. This is illustrated by an 
affecting incident which occurred as we neared the battlefield. 

"A long line of ambulances met us filled with wounded going to the 
rear, interfering with our movement and causing temporary delay. I saw 
a chain pump in the front yard of a house and went to it and began vigor- 
ously to turn the crank, but no water came. A woman, her arms akimbo, 
stood near, with solemn expression and a far-away look, apparently not 
noticing me. Addressing her I said, "Can you tell me where to get some 
water?" The woman instantly began to cry as if her heart would break 
and between sobs she said to me, "No, I can't even give you a cup of cold 
water." My sympathies were touched, and for a time, at least, I forgot 
all about my thirst. I wonder if the barren fig tree on the side of Olivet 
would have been spared if it had burst into tears of regret because it had 
no fruit for the hungry Galilean." 

The author of this history delivered the oration when the 61st Monu- 
ment was dedicated at Gettysburg July 24th, 1888, and part of what he 
then said is here given as follows: — 

"The arrival of the Sixth Corps so soon was a surprise to both friend 



PENN SYLVAN I A VO LUN TEERS 63 

and foe. An incident is related by Charles Carlton Coffin, presenting a 
striking scene at Gen. Meade's headquarters as the Sixth Corps came in 
sight. The movement of the column was so fast that it was believed to 
be cavalry. The author says: T was at Meade's headquarters; the 
roar of battle was louder and grew nearer ; Hill was threatening the center ; 
a cloud of dust could be seen down the Baltimore Pike. Had vStuart 
suddenly gained our rear? There were anxious countenances around the 
cottage where the flag of the Commander-in-chief was flying. Officers 
gazed with their field glasses. 'It is not cavalry, but infantry,' said one, 
'there is the flag, it is the Sixth Corps.' Faces which a moment before 
were grave became cheerful. It was an inspiring sight. The corps crossed 
Rock Creek, filed into the field, threw themselves upon the ground, tossed 
aside their knapsacks, and wiped the sweat from their sun-burnt cheeks.' 

"The author, after describing some other stirring movements then 
in progress, continues: 'At the same time an officer rode down to the 
Sixth Corps. I saw the tired and weary men rise from the ground and 
fall into line. They moved off upon the run towards Weed's Hill, Little 
Round Top, which was all aflame. The dark lines of the Sixth Corps 
became lost to sight as they moved into the woods crowning the hill. 
There were quicker volleys, a lighting up of the sky by sudden flashes, 
followed by a cheer. J^ongstreet gave up the struggle and fell back.' 

"Stevens, the Sixth Corps historian, describes the same movement, 
as follows: 'On receiving orders assigning our position, and the infor- 
mation that our presence was actually needed, the three divisions were 
moved simultaneously at DOUBLE QUICK, in parallel lines, and arrived 
on the line of battle at the critical moment, just as the rebels, flushed 
with victory, were penetrating our lines to the right of Round Top. Owing 
to the direction in which we approached, little more was necessary than to 
halt the lines and face to the right to bring three lines of battle facing 
the enemy's advance, and to close the gap made by the rebel onslaught.' 
'The volley from our front line,' says Gen. Wright, 'was perhaps the heaviest 
I have ever heard, and it had the effect not only of checking the triumphant 
advance, but of throwing his ranks into the utmost confusion.' 

"The movements of the Sixth Corps on July 2d, 1863, are such as 
to challenge the admiration of mankind. Its majestic tread on the 
battlefield, at the supreme moment, after such a memorable march, will 
resound through the ages. It was the realization, the embodiment of 
the sublimest figure of inspired poetry; 'terrible as an army with banners,' 
became in fact, 'a terrible army with banners,' the Greek cross floating 
over it, and the Greek fire like that which could not be extinguished at 
Salamis, burning within it. 

"The Sixth Corps, after aiding in the repulse at Little Round Top, was 
separated and used to patch up weak places in the lines, and was moved 
from place to place, in brigades, regiments and even battalions, during 
the remainder of the fight. For a long time, during July 3d, one brigade 



64 SI XTY-FIRS T REGIMENT 

of the Sixth Corps, the Vermonters, held the extreme left of the Army 
at Round Top, and another, the 3d, the extreme right at Wolf's Hill. 

"The 61st occupied four different places in the lines. First, in the 
evening of July 2d, to the right of Little Round Top, with the Corps in 
its first movement against and repulse of Longstreet; second, later in the 
same evening, after stopping awhile in Hancock's line on Cemetery Ridge, 
took position in the woods to the right of Culp's Hill; third, at Wolf's 
Hill, on the extreme right of the army connecting with the cavalry. Here 
four companies, under Capt. Creps, were on the picket line all day on the 
3d, continually engaged with the enemy, the balance of the regiment being 
in the front line on the northerly slope of Wolf's Hill; fourth, about noon, 
and during the lull which preceded the great cannonade, that part of the 
regiment not on the picket line moved to Cemetery Ridge and took posi- 
tion in front of Meade's headquarters, where it remained until about six 
o'clock. Then, after the repulse of Pickett, and termination of the 
battle, the 61st marched back again to Wolf's Hill and remained there 
until the morning of July 5th. 

"By this description it will be seen that the Sixty-First marched 
four to six miles after reaching the battlefield on July 2d, which, added to 
its long march, made nearly forty miles for the day. Besides, a part of 
the regiment remained on duty all night and began fighting at break of 
day, July 3d. 

"It is not possible or necessary to give further details, though the 
speaker cannot close without referring to the scene on Cemetery Ridge 
during the artillery firing and the assault which followed. For a few 
minutes after the 61st formed its line all was silent. Then a Rebel signal 
gun was fired to the north on Seminary Hill. Instantly the whole line 
of rebel guns, one hundred and thirty-eight in number, joined in the 
cannonade. All the guns northeast, north and northwest concentrated 
their fire on Cemetery Ridge. Every size and form of missile known to 
gunnery crashed, shrieked, whirled, moaned and whistled along the 
ridge, splintering trees, bounding from rocks, smashing wagons, disabling 
guns, tearing through the house at Meade's headquarters and plowing 
up the ground in all directions. It is said they came six in a second. 
The roar at first was deafening, but became awful when over a hundred 
Union guns replied firing from all the hills on the line. The earth shook 
and it seemed from the sulphureous smoke, flame and thunder that 
the last day had arrived. At this moment the reserve artillery of the 
Union Army , eighty guns, came into position along Cemetery Ridge, 
making the most sublime and exciting spectacle ever witnessed by the 
speaker. Soon the firing of cannon ceased on the enemy's side, and on 
came their bold charge accompanied with wild yells extending a mile or 
more along their serried ranks. The moment was thrilling. It was the 
high water mark of Rebellion and made an epoch in human destiny. 
The Union lines were immovable, the assailants were crushed. 



PENN SYLVANI A VOLUNTEERS 65 

"From that moment the Nation was saved and consecrated anew 
for coming ages. Americans the next day adopted the motto: 
'"All honor to the heroic living, 
All glory to the gallant dead.'" 

The great feature of the Gettysburg battle was this charge of the 
rebel General Pickett July 3d on the left center of our position. 

The Union Army occupied a semicircular line extending from Round 
Top on the left to Wolf's Hill on the right, about six miles, the field hospi- 
tals, reserve artillery and trains being within the circle. Opposite the 
left center of the Union lines was Seminary Ridge which was occupied 
by the rebels. 

About noon July 3d, the enemy concentrated his artillery so as to 
bear on about half a mile of the Union line along Cemetery Ridge with a 
view of weakening it preparatory to an infantry charge. Counting the 
supports on either flank of the charging column, over twenty thousand 
rebels took part in the movement. As soon as the assaulting column, 
half a mile long, came in sight, nearly a mile away, the Union artillery 
along the entire front opened on it, first with solid shot, then with shells, 
then with grape and canister; and when the rebels were within range the 
infantry opened on them. As the men fell the ranks were closed by press- 
ing toward the center, constantly shortening the assaulting line and 
breaking its formation. Still the chargers came on, with frenzied yells 
defying death and crowding closer together as they neared the Union 
line. The soldiers- with fixed bayonets and the officers urging them on 
with drawn swords. Deadly missiles could not stop them all, and like a 
wild mob they rushed over the infantry, seized many cannons, ba3^oncting 
and clubbing the gunners. 

But the task was too great; the formation had been shattered and a 
large portion of the men lay dead or wounded on the field, while the 
remaining brave men, driven through the Union lines by the great momen- 
tum, were all killed or captured in less than thirty seconds, the Union 
soldiers, unwearied by any exertion, literally flying upon the intruders 
with swords, bayonets and the butts of guns, the artillerists assisting with 
their ramrods and revolvers. 

Charles Carlton Coffin, in his Boys of '61, further describes the 
scene as follows: — 

"As soon as the approach of the enemy was perceived every man was 
on the alert. The cannoneers sprung to their feet. The long lines emerged 
from the woods and moved rapidly but steadily over the fields towards 
the Hmmittsburg road. Howard's batteries burst into flame, throwing 
shells with the utmost rapidits'. There are gaps in the Confederate 
ranks, but onward still they come. They reach the Emmittsburg road. 
Pickett's division appears by Klingel's house. All of Howard's guns arc 
at work now. Pickett turns to the right, moving north, driven in part 
by the fire rolling in upon his flank from Weed's Hill, Little Round Top, 



66 SIXTY-FIRS T REGIMENT 

and from the Third, Fifth and Sixth Corps batteries. Suddenly he faces 
east, descends the gentle slope from the road behind Codori's, crosses the 
meadow, comes in reach of the muskets of the Vermonters. The three 
regiments rise from their shallow trench. The men beneath the oak 
trees leap from their low breast-works of rails. There is a ripple, a roll, 
a deafening roar. Yet the momentum of the Confederate column still 
carries it on. It is becoming thinner and weaker, but they still advance. 
The Second Corps is like a thin blue ribbon. Will it withstand the shock? 
'Give them canister' 'Pour it into them' shouts Major Charles Howard, 
running from battery to battery. The Confederate line is almost up to 
the grove in front of Robinson's. It has reached the clump of scrub 
oaks. It has drifted past the Vermont boys. Onward still, 'Break their 
third line! Smash their supports!' cries General Howard, and Osborne 
and Wainwright send the fire of fifty guns into the column, each piece 
fired three times a minute. The Cemetery is lost to view, covered with 
sulphurous clouds, flaming and smoking and thundering like Sinai on the 
great day of the Lord! The front line of Confederates is melting away, — 
the second is advancing to take its place ; but beyond the first and second 
is the third which reels, and breaks, and flies to the woods from whence 
it came, unable to withstand the storm. Hancock is wounded, and 
Gibbon is in command of the Second Corps. 'Hold your fire, boys; they 
are not near enough yet,' says Gibbon, as Pickett comes on. The first 
volley staggers, but does not stop them. They move upon the run, — 
up to the breast-works of rails, — so powerful their momentum. Men 
fire into each other's faces, not five feet apart. There are bayonet 
thrusts, sabre strokes, pistol shots; cool, deliberate movements on the 
part of some,— hot, passionate, desperate efforts with others; hand to 
hand contests; recklessness of life; tenacity of purpose; fiery determina- 
tion, oaths, yells, curses, hurrahs, shoutings; men go down on their hands 
and knees, spinning round like tops, throwing out their arms, gulping up 
blood, falling, legless, armless, headless. There are ghastly heaps of 
dead men. Seconds are centuries; minutes, ages; but the thin line does 
not break. The Confederates have swept past the Vermont regiments. 
'Take them in flank,' says General Stannard. The Thirteenth and Six- 
teenth swing out from the trench, turn a right angle to the main line, and 
face to the north. They move forward a few steps, pour a deadly volley 
into the ranks of Kemper's troops. With a hurrah they rush on to drive 
home the bayonet. The Fifteenth, Nineteenth, Twentieth Massachu- 
setts and Seventh Michigan, Twentieth New York, Nineteenth Maine, 
One Hundred and Fifty-first Pennsylvania, and other regiments catch 
the enthusiasm of the moment, and close upon the foe. The Confederate 
column has lost its power. The lines waver. The soldiers of the front 
rank look around for their supports. They are gone— fleeing over the 
field, broken, shattered, thrown into confusion by the remorseless fire 
from the cemetery and from cannon on the ridge. The lines have dis- 



PENNS YL VA N I A V O LUN TEE RS 67 

appeared like straw in a candle's flame. The ground is thick with dead, 
and the wounded are like the withered leaves of autumn. Thousands of 
Confederates throw down their arms and give themselves up as prisoners." 

The amount of hard fighting at Gettysburg can be understood to 
some extent by merely naming the places on the field made famous by the 
furious struggles and movements of troops : The Seminary and woods near 
it where Reynolds was killed the first day; the Town of Gettysburg in 
whose streets the fight raged, the houses being torn and riddled by cannon 
balls; the Cemetery where the Union forces rallied the first day; Culp's 
Hill where such a deadly infantry fight occurred on the second day ; Wolf's 
Hill, the extreme Union right; Round Top, the extreme left, a high peak 
occupied by long range artillery; Little Round Top, a high wooded rocky 
knoll w^here a most terrific conflict occurred; the Devil's Den, a rocky 
gorge occupied by swarms of Rebel sharp shooters who shot our cannoneers 
on Little Round Top and who were dislodged by Union sharp shooters 
after hours of sanguinary work ; the wheat field, about twenty acres fought 
over back and forth until it was covered with dead and wounded of both 
armies and strewn with battle wreckage; the Peach Orchard where Gen. 
Sickles lost a leg and nearly half of his corps was destroyed ; the Cemetery 
Ridge upon which Pickett made his charge ; the Emmettsburg Road across 
which he came; the Baltimore Pike on which the Sixth Corps arrived; 
the Taney town Road running through the center of the battlefield; the 
Cashtown Road on which the battle began; the Hanover, the York, the 
Carlisle, the Mummasburg and the Fairfield Roads used by the Con- 
federates in concentrating for the battle. 

The people of Gettysburg were suddenh^ caught between the con- 
tending armies with no opportunity to get away. Most of them remained 
at home, going into cellars and using such other shelter as they could find. 
Some of the men shouldered their guns and joined the Union ranks, while 
the more courageous women aided the wounded and furnished provisions 
to the "Boys in Blue." 

The story of one poor widow named Wade and her daughter 
Jennie deserves a place in history for its own sake and as an illustration 
of home experiences in the midst of belligerent hostilities and bloody 
encounters. The Wades lived in the center of the town and when the 
Union troops began to arrive toward evening on June 30, the mother and 
daughter furnished them some loaves of fresh wheat bread. The grati- 
tude of the soldiers was boundless, and their appetites insatiable. The 
Wades finding an outlet for their patriotic fervor continued the good work 
until their scanty resources were exhausted. Next day, July 1, the Union 
Army was driven back through the town, causing great loss of life and 
property. The Wades, however, undaunted by reverses and fearless 
where others quaked, kept on with their bread-making. 

About noon, while the cannonballs were crashing through the town, 
defiant cheers of assault and repulse were heard in the streets, and minie 



68 SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

balls were flying between skirmishers and sharpshooters, Jennie Wade 
stood at a table in the kitchen kneading bread. She was opposite a 
closed door leading into the front room, the outside door of which was on 
a line, so that when the door next to her was open she could see out into 
the garden without moving. While in this position a minie ball from a 
Rebel sharpshooter came through the outside door, which was open, 
pierced the closed door near which Miss Wade stood, and passed through 
her body, causing instant death. 

She was buried in the garden of the house, and several years after- 
wards her body was taken by the Women's Relief Corps and interred in 
the town cemetery, where a monument was erected in her honor with 
suitable inscriptions, preserving for posterity an account of her death 
while following the example of another illustrious woman who did "what 
she could." 

From the evening of July 3d until the morning of July 5th, the? 61st 
in the front line occupied Wolf's Hill, being still the Union right wherfe the 
regimental monument now stands. 

During the night of July 4th, 1863, the rebels retreated leaving the 
Gettysburg battlefield in possession of the Union Army with many thousand 
of their wounded. The next morning, July 5th, the 61st with the 6th 
Corps started in pursuit, passing over the battlefield from the Union right 
at Wolf's Hill. 

The route was over the northeasterly slope of Little Round Top near 
the Devil's Den, diagonally across the Wheatfield, leaving the Peach 
Orchard to the left ; then up over the ground occupied by the rebel center 
near Lee's headquarters and on up the side of the mountain, Neill's brigade 
being in advance with the cavalry. 

What the eyes beheld passing over that field in the way of death and 
destruction, Union and Rebel, cannot be described, though something must 
be said about the Wheatfield. This piece of ground which produced wheat 
that year for the last time, contained about twenty acres and was near 
the center of the Union left, nearly half a mile westerly from Little Round 
Top. The ground had been fought over back and forth by infantry, 
supported by artillery, and presented a most appalling spectacle. The 
wounded had nearly all been taken away, but the dead had not been touched. 
They lay as they fell, in every conceivable position. Sometimes one lay 
across another as if the top one had stooped to take a dying message and 
instantly lost his life. The battle wreckage included everything belong- 
ing to soldiers afoot or on horseback, such as caps, hats, shoes, coats, guns, 
cartridge and cap boxes, belts, canteens, haversacks, blankets, tin cups, 
horses, saddles and swords. Either in this Wheatfield or nearby we saw- 
where a battery had stood in the midst of a terrific struggle. One gun 
was dismounted, a caisson had exploded and we noticed one place where 
three out of four horses belonging to a gun had been killed and lay with 
their harness on. 



PENNSYLVANI A VOLUNTEERS 69 

According to official statistics the number killed at Gettysburg was 
2,834; while the number of interments in the National Cemetery is 3,575. 
The wounded numbered 13,709 and the missing 6,643, making a total loss 
of 23,186. The rebel loss is placed at 31,621, aggregate for both armies 
of 54,807. The loss in high officers on both sides was unprecedented. 
On the Union side no less than twenty generals were killed or wounded, 
counting officers below the rank of general, but holding general's commands 
of brigades and divisions. The casualties included two major generals 
in command of corps, Reynolds killed and Sickles wounded, losing a leg; 
while hundreds of other Union officers of lower rank were killed or wounded. 
The rebels lost seventeen generals, three were killed, thirteen wounded 
and one captured. The only loss of the 61st was two, one being wounded 
and the other taken prisoner. 

Following Lee's retreating army July 5th over the Blue Ridge Moun- 
tains by the Hamburg and High Knob passes, the 61st came up to the 
Rebels at close quarters in the afternoon and had a running fight until 
after dark. On the 6th, the skirmishing was continued and the regi- 
ment, after passing Monterey and Waterloo, camped near Waynesboro, 
where on the 7th a most agreeable surprise awaited the weary men of the 
61st, which is described by J. M. Walker of Company A in his diary as 
follows : — 

"At Waynesboro the citizens, men, women and children, formed on 
the sidewalks and handed us bread, sliced and buttered, cooked meats, 
pies, and almost everything in the eatable line we could take in our hands 
as we marched by. This was a bright spot to remain fresh in the soldiers' 
memory through life. We camped near the town and the citizens sent to 
Chambersburg for flour and baked bread, selling to us at the lowest 
prices, often below the cost of the flour, besides giving us large quantities 
without pay. All honor to Waynesboro." 

On the 8th the Rebels, having crossed Antietam Creek, made two 
unsuccessful efforts to destroy the bridge. On the 9th, 10th and 11th 
the 61st was constantly in contact with the enemy except when sleeping 
at night. On the 11th the regiment, cooperating with some militia, moved 
to Marsh Creek and later to Leitersburg, receiving on these marches 
generous and grateful treatment from the citizens. 

On July 12th the 61st with the 6th Corps was at Funkstown close up 
to the Rebel fortifications, expecting and actually hoping for an order to 
attack, as the soldiers then believed they could finish the invading army 
if given an opportunity. No order for any advance came that day, and 
the next day was spent in drawing the Union lines closer to the Rebels 
with a view of assaulting on the following morning, but in the night of 
July 13th the Rebels recrossed the Potomac into Virginia, thus ending 
the second great invasion of the north. 



CHAPTER VII. 

RAPPAHANNOCK STATION-MINE RUN. 

"To Major-General Sedgwick, and the officers 
and men of the Fifth and Sixth Corps participating 
in the attack, particularly to the storming under 
Brigadier-General Russell, his thanks are due for 
the gallantry displayed in the assault on the enemy's 
intrenched position at Rappahannock Station, re- 
sulting in the capture of four guns, two thousand 
small arms, eight battle flags, one bridge train, and 
sixteen hundred prisoners." 

Major-General Meade's Report, 

November 9th, 1863. 

On July 14th, 1863, the 61st, with the army, moved in pursuit of the 
rebels from its place in line near Funkstown down to Williamsport, but 
did not become engaged. The next day the regiment moved back through 
Funkstown to Boonsboro, the heat becoming excessive, and cases of 
sunstroke were reported. But the heat was not so melting as it was on 
July 12th at Smithville, where the 6th corps met the remnants of the 1st 
Corps and marched with that heroic body of men who had fought so 
desperately to save the day at Gettysburg. On that day sunstrokes were 
frequent, until two o'clock when a terrific thunderstorm came on such 
as the army never saw before nor after. Huge black clouds rose from the 
north, west and south, meeting overhead and sending down incredible 
volumes of water, until the sunken road on which the troops were moving 
was filled waist-deep with a raging torrent. 

July 16th the 61st marched through Middletown, passing in sight of 
South Mountain battlefield, camping for the night near Berlin, three 
miles below Harper's Ferry. On the morning of July 19th, while the 
bands played "Carry Me Back to Old Virginia," the 61st, with the 6th 
Corps, once more crossed the Potomac into the Old Dominion, marching 
by Lovettsville to Wheatland, going the next day to Uniontown, and by 
the 22d reached Upperville, enjoying on the way "miles of blackberries," 
which proved good medicine for the soldiers, exceeding all the stores of 
quinine. 

On July 23d, the 61st was detailed as train guard, camping the first 
night at White Plains, and on the 24th the regiment was attacked by 
guerrillas, who soon scampered off when the place began to get hot. Leav- 
ing White Plains at 10 P. M. that evening, the regiment reached New 
Baltimore at daylight on the 25th, and then proceeded to Warrenton. 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEE RS 71 

This train guard service was not agreeable, as the regiment was scattered 
in small detachments, with irregular hours for sleep, being constantly 
disturbed by the braying of hundreds of mules, with frequent brawls 
among the drivers. The regiment now camped near Warrenton Sulphur 
Springs, an ante-bellum resort with attractive and interesting surround- 
ings. 

At this point recruits came to various companies of the 61st, and 
many disabled men came back prepared for further service. The spirit 
of hopefulness prevailing in the army at this time was never changed, 
the soldiers being more and more convinced that the rebels could not 
hold out long against the mighty forces moving against them from the 
Gulf States to the Potomac River. Although delays and disappoint- 
ments were to be expected, yet the men felt certain that ultimate victory 
was already assured and they were not seriously disturbed by outbursts 
of resentment in the rear, such as the New York riots. 

On the morning of Aug. 6th, 1863, while near Sulphur Springs, it 
was learned that after midnight the Vermont brigade, 2nd division, 6th 
corps, had been ordered to New York to aid in suppressing riots and 
enforcing the draft, and had already left camp for the metropolis. This 
was a great surprise and the movement was significant, indicating con- 
fidence in the Vermonters and lack of it, as was supposed, in the New 
York troops. However, there was in fact no lack of confidence in the 
New York soldiers in the field, as they were not surpassed in devotion or 
efficiency by any other troops, but the situation in New York City having 
become one of national concern, it was considered wiser to take the neces- 
sary force from other states to avoid any local embarrassment. 

When these Vermont boys returned to the army, September 16th, 
1863, with augmented reputation, they received a spontaneous welcome 
by their companions, some of the regiments turning out and presenting 
arms as the Green Mountain men filed into camp at Culpeper court house. 
One thing may be mentioned here about the 6th corps, and that is the 
number of times it was called upon for special service. In the Chancel- 
lorsville Campaign the 6th Corps had a separate part at Marye's Heights; 
it furnished the troops for New York the same year; to repel the rebel 
General Early in July, 1864, one of its divisions was sent to Baltimore, 
gaining great distinction at the Battle of Monocacy under Gen. Lew 
Wallace; later the 6th Corps furnished the troops for the Battle of Fort 
Stevens in the suburbs of Washington July 12th, 1864, the corps uniting 
afterwards in going with Sheridan through the Shenandoah Valley Cam- 
paign, July to December, 1864; and at the last the 6th Corps, after Appo- 
mattox, went to join General Sherman at Danville, missing the grand 
review in Washington and having a separate one of its own upon its 
return, after most of the troops had left the National Capital. 

The 61st remained at and near Sulphur Springs until September 16th, 
1863, when the regiment moved, with the corps, to Culpeper court-house. 



72 SI XTY-FIRST REG I MEN T 

a march which sorely taxed the new recruits recently received. Here 
the regiment remained until the state election was held on September 
28th, when nearly all voted for the reelection of Gov. A. G. Curtin, whose 
triumphant success was hailed with great satisfaction by all those who 
wanted the war prosecuted vigorously. 

While the 61st was at Sulphur Springs, the news came of the great 
battle of Chickamauga, fought Sept. 19th and 20th, 1863, in which the 
Union Army was repulsed and compelled to move back to Chattanooga 
on the Tennessee River. On Sept. 23d the 11th and 12th corps of the 
Army of the Potomac, with their artillery, were ordered back to Wash- 
ington, whence they proceeded, under command of Gen. Hooker, to 
reinforce Gen. Rosecrans at Chattanooga. The force thus detached from 
Meade's army to the west destined to fight above the clouds on Lookout 
Mountain, numbered 23,000 men, 15 batteries of artillery, 700 vehicles 
and 6,000 horses and mules. This entire force, while in transit by train 
made an average of 300 miles per day, reaching Stevenson, Ala., Oct. 
3d, just one week after the troops were put in motion near the Rapidan 
River in Virginia, a distance of over 1,200 miles. 

On Oct. 5th, the 61st went on picket to the Rapidan River at the 
railroad crossing, where neighborly and semi-peaceful relations were 
established with the rebel pickets on the opposite side of the narrow river 
and kept up for five days. In the evening the Union bands would play 
"Yankee Doodle," the rebel bands would reply with "Dixie," then the 
Union bands would play "Dixie" and the rebel bands "Yankee Doodle." 

On Oct. ICth the regiment, starting in the night, marched to Culpeper 
court house, and the next day, with the 6th Corps and the whole army, 
moved back across the Rappahannock River on the railroad bridge, camp- 
ing half a mile north of that stream. On Oct. 12th the regiment again 
advanced and recrossed the river with the 6th Corps advancing in support 
of the cavalry to Brandy Station. At midnight, the enemy opening fire, 
the 6th Corps fell back, again crossing the Rappahannock, this time on a 
pontoon bridge, proceeding to Warrenton Junction, halting for the night 
near Bristoe vStation. The regiment, having been on the move three 
days and nights, was weary on the evening of Oct. 13th, aftec marching 
25 miles that day; many of the new recruits, being utterly unable to keep 
up, were left behind and some were captured. 

This rapid movement of the army was to meet a flank advance by 
the enemy toward Washington around the Union right, probably a feint 
to conceal the fact that one-third of the rebel army had gone to the west 
and elsewhere. The whole Union Army mioved back to Centerville, tak- 
ing position at Bull Run and Chantilly, where so much fighting occurred 
in 1861-2. On Oct. 14th the 61st marched by Bristoe Station, going over 
part of the battlefield of Manassas Junction, proceeding toward Leesburg, 
four miles from Centerville, where the regiment supported the picket line, 
not being permitted to make any fires to cook rations. 



PENN S YL VA N I A VOL U N TEE R S 73 

At Bristoe vStation on this day, Oct. 14th, the 2d Corps, under Gen. 
Warren, acting as rear guard, had a brisk fight with about haU" of the 
rebel arm3^ in which the Union commander showed great skill in handl- 
ing his men. The rebels were repulsed. Gen. Warren retiring after dark 
across Broad Run, marching all night and crossing Bull Run at Black- 
burn's Ford in the morning, having marched 25 miles in 24 hours, fighting 
a successful battle on the way. The Union loss at Eristoe and Auburn, 
not far away, was 30 officers, 403 men, killed and wounded, the rebel loss 
being 782, of whom about 400 were taken prisoners by General Warren's 
force. 

On Oct. 15th the regiment, with the Gth Corps, was in line of battle 
at the junction of the Centerville and Leesburg Road with the road from 
Fairfax to Aldie, not far from the Chantilly battlefield, and where from 
elevated points the dome of the Capitol at Washington could be seen. 
Here the 61st remained with the corps four days, most of the time on 
picket and all of the time with orders to be ready to move on a moment's 
notice. On the 19th the 61st moved to Gainesville, the next day going 
to New Baltimore and the day following to Warrenton, doing picket 
duty on short rations until some "hard tack" came up, bringing joy to 
hungry, tired, sleepy men. The regiment moved in the night, going into 
camp Oct. 22d on some hills south of Warrenton, where a grand view 
was obtained of the Blue Ridge Mountains and of a beautiful river which, 
in the state of bewilderment after so many rapid marches in various direc- 
tions by day and night, was not at first recognized as the Rappahannock. 
The soldiers were dazed, like men tossed up in a blanket and tumbled 
about until "longitude and latitude were shook out of them." The 
rebels had retreated behind the Rapidan. 

In this vicinity the regiment remained over two weeks, having a 
rigid inspection on Sunday, Nov. 1st, and a review by Gen. Sedgwick on 
Wednesday, Nov. 4th. Experienced soldiers dislike inspection and re- 
views as much as children hate to have their faces washed. 

Nov. 7th the 61st, with the 6th Corps, marched from Warrenton to 
a point near Rappahannock Station in sight of the enemy in a strong 
entrenched position on the north side of the river at the crossing of the 
Orange and Alexandria Railroad. The rebel force consisted of 1950 men, 
part of Gen. Early's division, with four pieces of artillery, the whole 
rebel army being nearby on the south side of the Rappahannock. Gen. 
Howe's 2d division, 6th Corps, to which the 61st belonged, drove the 
enemy's skirmishers from the high ground on the right of the rebel works, 
establishing batteries and opening fire, commanding the river and the 
rebel pontoon bridges leading to the south side. The same thing was 
done on the left of the rebel position by a part of the 5th Corps so as to 
cut off the rebel reinforcements. The place was then vigorously bom- 
barded by the Union artillery, but the garrison lay low, receiving but 
little injur>^ Toward evening Gen. Sedgwick, then in command of both 



74 SIXTY-FIRST REG I MEN T 

the 5th and 6th Corps, planned an assault on the rebel works to be made 
by the 1st division 6th corps, under Gen. David A. Russell, supported 
by the 2d division on the right and the 5th corps on the left. The 1st 
division was moved along the railroad up close to the works when definite 
arrangements were made for the assault. The 5th Wise, and 6th Me. 
of the 3d brigade formed the main storming column to move against the 
redoubts, their line being no longer than the rebel works to be taken. 
The 49th and 119th Pa. supported this storming column. The 5th Me. 
and 121st N. Y assaulted the rebel rifle pits on the right, being supported 
by the 95th and 96th Pa. The 5th Wise, and the 6th Me. were com- 
manded by Colonels Ellmaker and Upton. About dark the whole force 
moved forward, aiding the storming columns. The two regiments from 
Wisconsin and Maine, the west and the east, led by their gallant colonels, 
proceeded in magnificent order, never stopping nor hesitating until they 
swept over the rebel works, capturing all the defenders, with their four 
pieces of artillery, the supporting regiments, 49th and 119th Pa., being 
on hand to hold the fort and help take care of the prisoners. The other 
assaulting force was also successful, carrying the rifle pits and capturing 
prisoners. 

This charge was one of the most brilliant feats of the war, reflecting 
great credit on Gen. Russell and his two brave colonels and the gallant 
and fearless troops. Gen. Russell says the number of his troops actually 
engaged was 2,117, these capturing the fortifications defended by 1,950 
men, with four cannons. The official report shows the Union troops 
captured four cannon, 103 officers, 1,200 men, 1,225 stands of small 
arms and seven battle flags, some of the rebels escaping by swimming 
the river, while others were drowned. 

The next day, Nov. 8th, the 61st, with the 6th Corps, advanced 
again to Brandy Station, the rebel army having retreated across the 
Rapidan River. On the 9th the 61st moved toward the left and rear in 
support of the 3d corps, then having a hot time with the rebels, but the 
61st saw no fighting and later marched up near Germanna Ford on the 
Rapidan. Later the 61st, with the 6th Corps, camped near Brandy 
Station on the plantation of John Minor Botts, a prominent Virginian, 
who claimed to own 600 miles of fence which, he said, disappeared at the 
rate of 100 miles a day while the Yankees occupied his premises. His 
forests disappeared with his fences, leaving a vast stretch of desolation. 

Gen. Meade now prepared for an advance of his whole army against 
the rebel right toward Orange court house, through part of the region 
fought over a year later under Gen. Grant. This movement began on 
the night of Nov. 26th, the 6th Corps, except the artillery, crossing the 
Rapidan at Jacob's Ford and going to Robertson's Tavern. On the 
27th the regiment moved to the right on obscure roads leading toward 
Mine Run, being under fire the 28th and 29th. In the night of the 29th 
the 61st, with the 6th Corps, moved to the extreme right of the army. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS 75 

taking pains to make no noise, and by daylight, on the 30th the 6th Corps 
was massed in column, brigade front, for a charge, after laying aside knap- 
sacks and overcoats where the men had any of the latter. The weather 
was very cold, the ground frozen and a strong wind prevailed, driving the 
snow into the men's faces. 

According to an order of which the soldiers were then ignorant. Gen. 
Sedgwick, with the 5th and 6th Corps, was to assault the left of the enemy's 
entrenchments on the west side of Mine Run at nine o'clock A. M., Nov. 
30th, and Gen. Warren, with the 1st and 3d Corps was to assault the 
enemy's right, the points of attack being nearly five miles apart. The 
Union artillery was to open at eight o'clock. As before stated, the 61st, 
with the 6th Corps, took position at the point to be attacked — stripped 
for a charge — soon after daybreak. At the appointed time the artillery 
opened and the enemy promptly returned the fire. The men of the 6th 
Corps stood in line shivering and hoping for an order to move forward; 
being unable to endure the cold, they preferred to fight rather than freeze. 
Ten minutes before nine o'clock, the time appointed for the attack, the 
corps was ordered back and the charge was abandoned. General Warren, 
finding an attack impracticable on the Union left, where he was, suspended 
operations, sending word to General Meade, who then, in the nick of time, 
stopped the 6th Corps. 

These experiences marches and counter-marches, day and night, in 
rain and snow, especially the long wait in the morning of Nov. 30th, with 
the thermometer aFzero, are among the severest trials of the 61st. While 
the men were waiting in line, slips of paper were passed to each one, with 
request that his name, company and regiment, be written thereon as a 
means of identification in case of death in the forthcoming charge. Some 
complied, pinning the slips to the lapel of their coats or fastening them on 
their caps under their badges, while others threw the slips away, saying 
they did not expect to get killed and if they did Uncle Sam had their 
records at Washington in a form more durable than a mere pencil memo- 
randum. 

On the night of Dec. 1st the Union Army recrossed to the north side 
of the Rapidan, the whole campaign being abandoned. The 61st sustained 
no loss; the army had a loss of 5C0 killed, wounded and missing, including 
some men frozen to death at their posts on picket. 

Returning to the vicinity of Brandy Station, the 61st, with Neill's 
brigade, to which it belonged, went into winter quarters Dec. 3d, near 
Welford's Ford, where it remained until May 4th, 1864, except a recon- 
naissance Feb. 27th, to March 2d. During this winter the regiment 
received many new recruits and men absent through temporary disability 
returned, bringing up the numerical strength to something like a full 
regiment. Lieut. Col. George W. Dawson, in April, 1864, resigned, and 
Major John W. Crosby was made Lieutenant Colonel, Capt. Robt. L. 
Orr, being later promoted to Major. 



76 SIXTY-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 

The 61st took part in the movement described by Stevens, the 6th 
Corps historian, as follows: — 

"The only military movement of the winter was Kilpatrick's great 
raid upon Richmond, in which the lamented Dahlgren lost his life. 

"Simultaneous with this great raid, General Custer, with a division 
of cavalry, made a movement on Charlottesville, and the 6th Corps was 
ordered to move in that direction as support to the cavalry. On Satur- 
day, February 27th, the corps, leaving its camp and sick in charge of a 
small guard, marched through Culpepper and proceeded to James City, 
a Virginia city of two or three houses, where the bivouac for the night was 
made. Next morning the corps marched slowly to Robertson's River, 
within three miles of Madison Court House, the New Jersey brigade alone 
crossing the river and proceeding as far as the latter village. Here the 
corps lay all the following day, and as the weather was pleasant, the men 
passed the time in sports and games, but at evening a cold storm of rain 
set in, continuing all night and the next day, to the great discomfort of 
all. Custer's cavalry returned at evening of the 1st of March, looking 
in a sorry plight from their long ride in the mud. Reveille sounded at 
five o'clock on the morning of March 2d, and at seven the corps turned 
toward the old camp, at which it arrived after a severe march through 
the mud, at sunset the same day." 

The army had five months of camp life, in which everything practicable 
was done to put it in good condition for what yet remained to carry the 
war to a successful termination. Many men reenlisted "veteranized," 
as they called it, each getting a furlough of thirty days. These reen- 
listed men were among the very best soldiers in the army, and when the 
regiment was reduced by losses and expiration of term of enlistment, the 
veterans became the commissioned and non-commissioned officers, serving 
with marked fidelity until the end of the war. 

Referring to the winter of 1863-4 at Brandy Station, the historian 
Stevens says: — 

"The Christian Commission, among other good things which it did 
for the soldiers, and, indeed, this was among the best, made arrangements 
by which it loaned to nearly every brigade in the army, a large canvas, 
to be used as a roof for a brigade chapel. These chapels were built of 
logs and covered with the canvas, and were in many cases large enough 
to hold three hundred people. Here religious services were held, not only 
on Sunday, but also on week day evenings. A deep religious interest 
prevailed in many of the brigades, and great numbers of soldiers professed 
to have met with a change of heart. On New Year's day Wheaton's 
brigade, of the Third Division, had been sent to Harper's Ferry, to meet 
an anticipated advance of the enemy through the valley; and about the 
same time Shaler's brigade, of the same division, was sent to Sandusky, 
Ohio, to guard prisoners of war. The enemy made no raid to the Ferry 
and the prisoners maintained the most perfect order. So Wheaton and 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 77 

his Pennsylvanians, and Shaler, with his New Yorkers and Pennsyl- 
vanians, spent a merry winter, in comfortable quarters, with Httle picket- 
ing, leaving Eustis, with his Massachusetts men and his single Rhode 
Island regiment, sole representatives of the division. But, as the time for 
opening the new campaign approached, the two brigades were recalled, 
except the two Pennsylvania regiments of Shaler's brigade, and once more 
the corps united. The returning brigades, though somewhat inclined to 
prefer campaigning in the North to fighting in the vSouth, were, never- 
theless, ready to follow with spirit and zeal such soldiers as Wheaton and 
Shaler. 

"Our corps were reviewed by General Grant; by the Russian admiral 
and suite, who, for the amusement of the soldiers, performed some most 
ludicrous feats in horsemanship; and by a body of English soldiers. Never 
had such general good health prevailed among our corps, and never were 
the men so well contented or in such good spirits." 

As the Army of the Potomac is to start now on its last campaign, the 
most sanguinary and the most celebrated in its history, in which no back- 
ward step is to be taken until I^ee surrenders at Appomattox, it is proper 
to give a brief description of that part of Virginia where the vast operations 
are to occur. Grant was to go to Appomattox by Spottsylvania, Cold 
Harbor and Petersburg, the total distance being about 200 miles. Refer- 
ring to the region between Culpeper and Richmond, the Count of Paris 
says : — _ 

"The country is undulating, covered with old forests or young pine 
trees, the only produce that a soil, exhausted by the cultivation of the 
tobacco plant, is now able to bring forth ; the population is thinly scattered ; 
the soil, clayey and impermeable, is easily converted by the action of 
vehicles into mud, both soft and sticky, which was to be one of the most 
formidable enemies to the armies having to campaign in Virginia; a 
multitude of water courses wind among the wooded ravines, between 
hillocks, the highest of which have been for the most part cleared ; all 
these water courses finally form two rivers, the Rappahannock and the 
York, which run in a parallel course toward the Potomac, and, like the 
latter, fall into the Chesapeake Bay." 

There were no turn-pikes and few good roads even in summer. Only 
two railroads ran from the Potomac to Richmond, one starting at Acquia 
Creek and passing through Fredericksburg, and the other starting at 
Alexandria and going by way of Gordonsville. Grant had to cross the 
Rapidan, the North Anna, the Mattapony, the Pumunkey, the Chicka- 
hominy, the James, the Appomattox, and many smaller streams, all of 
which he was compelled to bridge and some he crossed many times in the 
various operations. The months of June, July and August, 1864, were 
excessively hot, and from the North Anna, to Petersburg the water was 
generally bad, coming from marshy pools, sluggish streams and old wells. 



78 SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

After the victory at Missionary Ridge, Grant was recognized by the 
government and people as the leading Union general. His career from 
Belmont, in November, 1861, to Lookout Mountain and Missionary 
Ridge, in the same month, 1863, had exhibited courage, skill, versatility, 
energy, loyalty to superiors, firmness of purpose, with ability to acquire 
and hold the confidence of officers and men. When Congress met in 
December, 1863, it was understood that a new grade would be provided 
for Grant, and it was rumored he would become the commander of all the 
Union armies. On February 29th, 1864, an act was passed reviving the 
grade of Lieutenant General, and President Lincoln the next day ap- 
pointed Ulysses S. Grant to the office, and the Senate confirmed this 
appointment the succeeding day. On March ICth, 1864, General Halleck 
was relieved from duty as General-in-chief and became thereafter Chief- 
of-Staflf of the army. On the same day Grant was assigned by the Presi- 
dent to command all the "armies of the United States," headquarters in 
Washington, and "with General Grant in the field." 

Grant established his field headquarters at Culpeper Court House, 
March 26th, 1864, and remained with the Army of the Potomac until 
Lee surrendered at Appomattox. The Union Army then numbered, 
including Burnside's 9th Corps and the cavalry corps, about 140,000 men. 
Gen. Hancock commanded the 2d Corps, Warren the 5th, Sedgwick the 
6th, Burnside the 9th, and Sheridan the Cavalry Corps. 




CHAPTER VIII. 

WILDERNESS-SPOTTSYLVANIA. 

"There were features of the battle of the Wilder- 
ness which have never been matched in the annals 
of warfare. For two days nearly 200,000 veteran 
troops had struggled in a death-grapple, confronted 
at each step with almost every obstacle by which 
nature could bar their path, and groping their way 
through a tangled forest the impenetrable gloom of 
which could be likened only to the shadow of death. 
The undergrowth stayed their progress, the upper 
growth shut out the light of heaven. Officers could 
rarely see their troops for any considerable distance, 
for smoke clouded the vision, and a heavy sky 
obscured the sun. Directions were ascertained and 
lines established by means of the pocket-compass, 
and a change of position often presented an opera- 
tion more like a problem of ocean navigation than 
a question of military maneuvers. It was the sense 
of sound and of touch rather than the sense of sight 
which guided the movements. It was a battle with 
the ear, and not with the eye. All circumstances 
seemed to combine to make the scene one of un- 
utterable horror. At times the wind howled 
through the treetops, mingling its groans with the 
groans of the dying, and heavy branches were cut 
off by the fire of the artillery, and fell crashing upon 
the heads of the men, adding a new terror to battle. 
Forest fires raged; ammunition trains exploded; the 
dead were roasted in the conflagration; the wounded 
roused by its hot breath, dragged themselves along, 
with their torn and mangled limbs, in the mad 
energy of despair, to escape the ravages of the 
flames; and every bush seemed hung with shreds 
of blood-stained clothing. It was as though 
Christian men had turned to fiends, and hell itself 
had usurped the place of earth." 

General Horace Porter. 
In ''Campaigning with Grant.'" 



80 SI XTY-FIRS T REG I MEN T 

President Ivincoln on March 9th, 1864, in presenting Gen. Grant's 
commission as Lieutenant General, said: — "The nation's appreciation 
of what you have done and its reHance upon you for what remains to be 
done in the existing great struggle, are now presented with this com- 
mission constituting you lieutenant general in the armies of the United 
States. With this high honor devolves upon you a corresponding re- 
sponsibility. As the country herein trusts you, so, under God, it will 
sustain you." 

Gen. Grant was then invested with supreme command of all the 
Union Armies, numbering in the aggregate 533,000 men, present for duty, 
of whom 116,000 were in the Army of the Potomac, counting the 2d, 
5th, 6th and 9th corps of infantry and the cavalry corps of 13,000 men. 
This army had 49 batteries of field artillery, with 274 guns, also had six 
20-pound parrotts and eight 24-pound coehorns, and the army had over 
4,000 vehicles of all kinds. 

While Gen. Grant was to be with the Army of the Potomac and 
direct its operations, he retained Gen. Meade as a useful subordinate 
commander of that army, and its movements were made under orders 
from Meade's headquarters. Among other instructions given to Meade, 
Gen. Grant said, "Lee's army is to be your objective point; wherever that 
goes you must go." The rebel army at that time lay behind its intrench- 
ments on the south side of the Rapidan River, extending from Barnett's 
Ford about five miles above the Orange and Alexandria Railroad crossing 
of that river down to the vicinity of Morton's Ford, a distance from Lee's- 
right to left of eighteen miles, with rebel headquarters at Orange Court 
House, seventy miles from Richmond. 

History having fully justified the wisdom of Grant's plan of cam- 
paign, it will be interesting to note briefly how the initial movements were 
effected as bearing on the illustrious record of the 61st, whose ranks were 
to be thinned at every fight. The campaign was to last eleven months, 
ending with the surrender of Lee at Appomattox; it was to exhibit the 
best Union offensive generalship and the best Confederate defensive 
generalship, both of their kind being as great as can be found in the annals 
of any war. 

The official order for the first advance against the rebels was dated 
at the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac May 2d, 1864. This 
document of 1,700 words provided among other things for the movement 
of the cavalry on May 3d and of the infantry and artillery on May 4th, 
the starting time being fixed for each corps. The paragraph relating to 
the 6th Corps reads as follows: — 

"4. Major-General Sedgwick, commanding Sixth Corps, will move 
at 4 A. M. on the 4th inst., by way of Stevensburg and the Germanna 
plank-road to Germanna Ford, following the Fifth Corps, and after cross- 
ing the Rapidan will bivouac on the heights beyond. The canvas pontoon 



PENN SYLVAN I A VO LUN TEERS 81 

train will be taken up as soon as the troops of the Sixth Corps have crossed, 
and will follow immediately in rear of the troops of that corps. 

"So much of the bridge train of the Sixth Corps as may be necessary 
to bridge the Rapidan at Culpeper Mine Ford will proceed to Richards- 
ville in rear of the reserve artillery, and as soon as it is ascertained that the 
reserve artillery are crossing, it will move to Culpeper Mine Ford, where 
the bridge will be established. 

"The engineers of this bridge train will at once open a road from 
Culpeper Mine Ford direct to Richardsville." 

Another paragraph of the order will be read with interest: — 

"10. The infantry troops will take with them fifty rounds of ammuni- 
tion upon the person, three days' full rations in the haversacks, three days' 
bread and small rations in the knapsacks, and three days' beef on the 
hoof." 

The 6th corps, from ten states, then consisted of 49 regiments, of 
which Pennsylvania furnished 14, New York 10, New Jersey 7, Vermont 
6, Massachusetts 3, Maine 3, Ohio 3, Rhode Island 1, Maryland 1, Wis- 
consin 1. The corps had 1046 officers, 23,117 men and 49 guns. From 
these figures it appears the regiments on an average were only half full, 
each having in round numbers 500 officers and men. One reason assigned 
by Gen. Sheridan for the great efficiency of the 6th corps was the unusual 
number of regular army officers it contained. vSedgwick, Wright, Getty, 
Ricketts, Russell, Wheaton, Neill and others were West Point graduates. 
The number in old" regiments, aside from sickness and losses in battle, 
constantly varied as disabled men returned to duty and new recruits 
arrived to ffil up the depleted ranks. 

In accordance with the order quoted, the 61st, with the 6th Corps, 
moved at 4 A. M., May 4th, 1864, from winter quarters near Brand}' 
Station by Stevensburg to Germanna Ford on the Rapidan River where 
that stream was crossed on pontoon bridges. The head of the corps 
moved that day three miles into the Wilderness along the Germanna 
plank-road, making 19 miles, while the rear stopped after crossing the 
river, having marched 16 miles. This was a hard march after so long a 
time in camp, and the soldiers were obliged to throw away many articles 
acquired during the winter, which they could not possibly carry, and there 
was no way to send them home. The road was, therefore, strewn with 
mihtary equipment such as blankets, extra clothing, including shoes, 
hats, books, portfolios and other things, some of which had endearing 
associations. 

The 5th corps, under Gen. Warren, was ahead of the 6th corps, and 
on the morning of May 5th Warren's troops encountered the enemy 
coming down the Orange turnpike, and at the same time it was reported 
rebel troops were coming on the Orange plank-road near Parker's store. 
Thereupon Getty's 2d division of the 6th crops — except Neill's brigade, 
to which the 61st belonged — was detached from the 6th corps and sent 



82 SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

over to Warren's left to the intersection of the Brock Road and the Orange 
Court House plank-road, the 2d division remaining in that vicinity, under 
Gen. Hancock, during the entire battle and not at any time operating 
with the 6th corps. At the same time the 2d division was so detached, 
the 6th corps, that is Gen. Wright's 1st division and Neill's brigade, the 
balance of the corps being back guarding the Germanna Ford crossing 
until relieved by forces from Gen. Burnside's 9th corps, were ordered to 
form on the right of Warren's 5th corps. In order to reach this position, 
the 6th corps turned to the right at Spottswood's and proceeded westerly 
toward the Orange Court House Turnpike, forming the right of the Union 
line of battle. In this movement through the woods, the 61st was in the 
front line, receiving the first fire from the rebels when the regiment, with 
other troops, advanced in line of battle, the enemy gradually retiring. 
Finally, about 2 o'clock in the afternoon. May 5th, the 6th corps got into 
position, Neill's brigade being on the extreme right of the line until later 
in the afternoon, when Gen. Seymour's brigade of the 3d division 6th 
corps, came up and formed on the right of Neill. Soon after the 61st, 
with Neill's brigade, got into position, the rebels attacked, and the battle 
raged for two hours, the enemy being repulsed and Neill's brigade captur- 
ing some prisoners. Major Crosby, of the 61st, and Capt. William M. 
Dawson, Company G, were wounded in this encounter. About three 
o'clock in the afternoon a cannon-ball crashed through the woods and 
struck Sergeant Joseph Seville of Company F in the face, taking his head 
off, the body still remaining upright for a perceptible time after the head 
was gone. The fight was fierce and at close range, the rebels having some 
artillery in the open ground of a farm, but the 6th corps could use none. 
About 4:30 P. M. the firing slackened and half an hour later Neill's brigade 
and Seymour's assaulted the rebel intrenchments in their front, with 
heavy loss and no real advantage. The rebels, under cover, sustaining 
little damage themselves, shot down the Union soldiers as they struggled 
through the brush and over the obstructions, until Gen. Neill ordered 
the attack to stop, and Seymour soon ordered his men back. After 6 
o'clock the rebels, being reinforced, made another attack on Neill's brigade, 
continuing their fire until after dark, but they were repulsed at all points 
with heavy loss. In this assault Col. J. Warren Keifer, afterwards Briga- 
dier General and commander of a division in the 6th corps, was wounded. 
The men of the 61st fired about 100 rounds apiece, their Springfield rifles 
getting too hot to hold where the hand came in contact with the barrel. 
In this part of the fight Col. George F. Smith displayed great courage, 
wiping out a slight stain of cowardice which some one had unjustly put 
upon him. After sending his horse to the rear, he remained with the 
men on the firing line throughout the day. 

One feature of this fight was disagreeable in the extreme, and that 
was in many places the rebels could not be seen, and it was impossible to 
tell what effect the 61st's fire had on their antagonists; besides, the rebel 



PENNS YL VA NI A VO LUN TEE R S 83 

batteries, out of sight, enfiladed Neill's brigade. The underbrush was 
thick and matted together with vines, through which the rebel bullets 
came in showers. The woods caught fire nearly all along the line, the 
smoke and flames adding to the obscurity, but not stopping the fight. 
The ground was furrowed by deep ravines, with sparkling rivulets all 
uniting lower down in a small creek called Wilderness Run, which flows 
toward the Rapidan and is crossed by Germanna plank-road near Wilder- 
ness Tavern. 

While the battle raged along the line of the 6th corps, the fighting 
extended to the left nearly five miles, at times reaching over to the un- 
finished railroad, where it crosses the Brock Road. But little artillery 
was used, the roar of musketry, the rebel yells and Union cheers furnish- 
ing the only sound, which at times rose to sublimity and then sunk to a 
hoarse mutter as firing lessened or the combatants descended into deep 
hollows or continued their deadly work Indian fashion along precipitous 
hillsides or in dark tangled ravines. It was 10 o'clock at night before the 
battle subsided, and picket firing was kept up at various points all night, 
bursting into a lively rattle frequently as troops took new positions or 
men wandered in the dark in search of water or tried to reach some wound- 
ed man whose moans were irresistible. The enemy could be heard all 
night falling trees, making abatis, constructing fortifications and cutting 
roads for the movement of artillery. The Union lines were also strength- 
ened and better positions secured. The cartridge boxes and pockets 
were refilled, guns-were examined to see that they were in good order for 
the next day, when a battle was expected so colossal that the first day's 
engagement would hardly constitute a respectable prelude. The field 
hospital was close in rear of the 61st, where the surgeons worked all night 
with their corps of tireless assistants, doing all skill and experience could 
accomplish for the wounded; but little coffee was made that night, as 
fires were generally prohibited and in fact were dangerous, as they always 
drew spiteful missiles from a most vigilant enemy. The fight, as night 
closed in, had not been decisive except that Grant's army had successfully 
crossed the Rapidan with all its trains, was concentrated and ready for 
offensive or defensive battle the next day. This was really a Union 
victory in itself, and the army ran no risk of being driven away the next 
day, as it was under Gen. Hooker in the same vicinity a year before. 

At the close of the battle of May 5th, orders were issued to attack 
the enemy all along the Union line the next morning punctually at 5 
o'clock. When the morning dawned, the rebels took the initiative and 
attacked at 4:30 o'clock. In front of the 6th Corps the rebels charged 
fearlessly and maintained their assault with great determination. They 
were supported by artillery which had been skillfully placed during the 
night. The rebel guns sent showers of grapeshot into the 61st, killing 
Lieutenant F. M. Brown of Company A, with others, and wounding 
many. The 6th corps held its lines and at 5 o'clock A. M., as ordered, 



84 SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

advanced against the rebels, driving them back into their rifle pits. A 
terrific struggle now ensued, when each side exerted superhuman power 
and a courage which took no account of perils and paid no attention to 
losses. Volleys of musketry were like peals of thunder and the firing was 
incessant until 11 o'clock, when an order came from headquarters for the 
6th corps to cease the assault and fortify its position so the troops could 
be spared for a movement on the Union left. When so ordered, and not 
until then, the 6th corps fire slackened, though it did not wholly stop. 
Its line was fortified with logs and brush and at some points by rifle pits 
dug by the pioneer corps. This pioneer corps, with axes and shovels, had 
also cleared and leveled some spaces for Union artillery along the 6th 
corps lines, where batteries were planted and used with great effect, 
especially when the enemy attempted any advance from their fortifica- 
tions. This battle lasted over five hours in front of the 6th corps, many 
charges and counter-charges being made, and at some points the ground 
was fought over back and forth no less than five times, leaving it literally 
covered with dead and wounded, friend and foe. On this day the 61st 
lost Capt. W. O. H. Robinson of Company C and 1st Lieut. F. M. Brown 
of Company A killed; 1st Lieut. Eugene C. Koerner of Company B wounded 
and taken prisoner; and Lieutenants Augustus A. Hager of Company K 
and Samuel Stewart of Company I wounded. Color-Sergeant Hugh 
Gorman was also killed, the shot passing through the flag-staff, which is 
now on exhibition at Harrisburg. The 6th corps gained some important 
positions, but the rebels held on to their main intrenchments ; their ammu- 
nition, like their courage, seemed inexhaustible. We were also very much 
annoyed at this time by rebel sharpshooters. Among their victims was 
Corporal Brady of Company C. The sharpshooter killing Brady was 
however killed by one of Brady's comrades. 

From 11 A. M. until about 5 P. M., there was little fighting by the 
6th corps on the right, the time being occupied in fortifying, but the 
battle raged all day in the center and was especially severe on the Union 
left, where Gen. Hancock commanded his own corps, the 2d division of 
the 6th corps, with part of the 9th corps, having under his personal con- 
trol half of the army, and had some assistance also from a division of 
Sheridan's cavalry. Hancock had to fight fully half the rebel army, led 
on at first by Gen. Longstreet, and after he was wounded by Gen. Lee 
in person. The woods fire, fanned by a breeze from the west, blowing 
the smoke in the faces of Hancock's men, was quite as trying as the 
rebel fire and more deadly for the wounded. 

Hancock fought a great battle, driving the enemy at first over a mile 
and then retiring in the face of rebel reinforcements, again advancing and 
being repulsed; at one time part of his line broke and the triumphant 
rebels came on through his line like a resistless deluge. By his personal 
presence and magnificent bearing, order was restored and Col. Carroll, 
8th Ohio, with his brigade, bravely charged the rebels and retook all the 



PENN SYLVAN I A VOLUNTEERS 85 

lost ground. Hancock's fight ended about 5 o'clock, with his forces occupy- 
ing nearly the ground they had in the morning, neither side having gained 
any substantial advantage in position. Gen. Getty, commanding the 2d 
division 6th corps, was wounded, and Gen. Wheaton succeeded him. 

During the afternoon Shaler's brigade of the 6th corps came up from 
train-guard service and took position on the extreme right of the army. 
To the left of Shaler was Seymour's brigade, including some new troops, 
with Neill's. About 6 o'clock the rebel general Gordon, a daring and 
skillful officer, moved around through the woods to the rear of Shaler and 
Seymour's men, who were engaged in fortifying and rushed upon them 
throwing them into the greatest confusion during which they threw away 
there guns and equipment and fled to the left along the line of breastworks. 

Secretary Blair describes a part of this fight as follows: — 

"When the stampede was noticed by Col. vSmith he promptly ordered 
the regiment by the right flank file right which placed the 61st squarely 
across the front of the excited troops then in full retreat. He called for 
us to stop our men in any way 'shoot them, bayonet them stop them any- 
way you can.' 

"But this effort failed and when the mass of our own men had passed 
through our ranks, the greater portion of our regiment had gone with 
them including the Colonel, there was left a scattered line of not more 
than 250 men, the color bearer with the Colors was with us, at this moment 
Gen. Shaler rode up to our colors, coming up the road that had been made 
for bringing ammunition to the front. He had lost his hat and was 
somewhat excited, seeing our line, he shouted these words, 'For God's 
sake men make a stand on this road, if you think anything of the army of 
the Potomac make a^ stand on this road, if you think anything of your 
country, for God's sake make a stand on this road,' and then he noticed 
our colors and apparently recognized who we were and asked, "What 
regiment is this," a number responded, the 61st Penna. 'The 61st 
Penna, why sergeant advance with those colors and Pennsylvanians don't 
you desert them,' the rebels were then in full view coming at a double 
quick we advanced and gave them a solid volley at close range, that 
caused them to halt and drop back from our immediate front. But there 
being no other troops to our right we were absolutely alone and of course 
the rebels to the right of us pressed on some distance when they stopped, 
noticing the break in their line and here the flank movement came to an 
end, the ground was later reoccupied by our troops when bullets in showers 
came from the rear." Lieut. Price, of Company A, supposing the fire came 
from a Union line, sent Frank L. Blair of Company F to stop it; the mess- 
enger ran into rebel troops and was captured. vShaler was also captured, 
with many of the brave men who stood too long in the road. ' Meantime, a 
short distance back a new Union line was formed, which not only stopped 
the rebels but drove them away out of sight and hearing through the 
woods. The 61st in small detachments at various points kept in the 
fight until the rebels were expelled, and then took its former position. 



86 SIXTY-FIRST RE G I MEN T 

During the night of May 6th the right of the 6th corps was moved back 
and reformed so as to avoid any new surprise, and by the morning of May 
7th the position was well fortified. Referring to the attack on the even- 
ing of May 6th on the Union right, when Shaler and Seymour were cap- 
tured, Stevens, the 6th corps historian^ says: — 

"When the Sixth Corps reoccupied the breastworks at dark on the 
6th, it was desirable that the right flank should be protected by old and 
reliable troops. Neill's Third brigade was assigned to that position, the 
Seventy-seventh being upon the extreme right, the Sixty-first Pennsyl- 
vania thrown out at right angles to protect the rear. On the left of the 
Seventy-seventh was the Forty-ninth New York, the Seventh Maine was 
next, then the One hundred and Twenty-second, and the Forty- third 
New York was on the left of the brigade. 

"All was now quiet. No sound was heard except now and then the 
suppressed tones of officers in command. The stars shone through the 
openings among the trees upon a long line of dusky forms lying close be- 
hind the sheltering breastworks, as silent as death but ready at an instant 
to pour out a storm of destruction. A row of bayonets projected over 
the breastworks; an abatis of steel awaiting the momentarily expected 
onset of the enemy. 

"At ten o'clock the low tones of command of the rebel officers were 
heard as they urged their men against our rear and flank. Colonel Smith 
of the Sixty-first Pennsylvania, ordered his men to lie down, for they 
had no breastworks, and to reserve their fire. Nearer and nearer came the 
the dark line, until within twenty feet of the recumbent Pennsylvanians, 
but not a sound from them. Still nearer the rebel line approached, to 
within a distance of ten feet, when the sharp command rang out, "Fire;" 
and rising, the Pennsylvanians delivered a withering fire into the rebel 
ranks that sent them reeling back into the darkness from whence they 
came; but a line of prostrate forms where the fire from our line had met 
the advancing column, told of its terrible execution. Twenty minutes 
after this repulse they advanced silently but in stronger force, directly in 
front of our breastworks. They advanced slowly and in silence until 
within a few feet of the Union line, when with wild yells they leaped for- 
ward, som.e even mounting the breastworks. But a sheet of flame instantly 
flashed along the whole line of our works; the astonished rebels wavered 
for a mom^ent and then beat a hasty retreat, relinquishing with this last 
desperate effort the attempt to drive back the old Sixth corps." 

On May 7th picket firing was kept up, but no actual battle was 
fought at any point in the line. Attention was given to the wounded 
scattered through the woods, and some of the dead were buried, the 
troops received a fresh supply of ammunition and had opportunity to 
make coffee and get such rest as experienced soldiers can obtain while 
keeping a vigilant eye on the enemy, whose entrenchments were obscured 
only by the dense woods. 



PENNSYLVANIA VO LUN TEERS 87 

The horrors inseparable from a battle in such a region as the Wilder- 
ness are indescribable. The rebels, having been successful in that part 
of the state at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville and having baffled 
the Union army in the Mud March and the Mine Run campaign, believed . 
they could conquer again, and they fought with amazing courage and must 
have been handled with consummate skill by their commanders. 

Precisely how many men the 61st took into the Wilderness battle 
does not appear from any published records, so the per cent, of loss cannot 
be stated. The official report shows the regiment had one officer, 1st 
Lieut. F. M. Brown, killed, and four wounded, 19 men killed and 109 
wounded, one officer and 17 men missing, making a total of 151. Rebel- 
lion Records, Series 1, Volume 36, Part 1, Page 127. One of the 
wounded officers was Capt. Wm. O. H. Robinson of Co. C, who died on the 
field from his injuries. In Fox's Regimental Losses, Page 274, it appears 
the 61st had 34 men killed in the Wilderness, the discrepancy arising from 
the fact that the author includes the mortally wounded in his list of 
deaths, and this indicates that 14 of the 61st died of their wounds on the 
field. Eugene E. Koerner of Company B was the wounded officer missing. 
The total loss of the army in the Wilderness has been a subject of con- 
troversy ever since the battle, and it will probably never be satisfactorily 
settled. The best authority at present available is the account of Gen. 
Andrew A. Humphreys, who at the time of the battle was chief of staff 
of the Army of the Potomac. In his book entitled The Virginia Cam- 
paign of 1864 and^ 1865, at page 53, he says the loss in the Wilderness 
May 5th and 6th, 1864, was 2,265 killed, 10,220 wounded, and 2,902 
missing, making a total of 15,387, the killed and wounded together num- 
bering 12,485. 

Concerning this fight in the Wilderness, Gen. Grant, in his Memoirs, 
says : — 

"More desperate fighting has not been witnessed on this continent 
than that of the 5th and 6th of May. Our victory consisted in having 
successfully crossed a formidable stream, almost in the face of an enemy, 
and in getting the army together as a unit." 

Regarding the movements of the army at that time he says two other 
things which should be preserved in his own language: — 

"First, in every change of position or halt for the night, whether 
confronting the enemy or not, the moment arms were stacked the men 
intrenched themselves. For this purpose they would build up piles of 
logs or rails if they could be found in their front, and dig a ditch, throwing 
the dirt forward on the timber. Thus the digging they did counted in 
making a depression to stand in, and increased the elevation in front of 
them. It was wonderful how quickly they could in this way construct 
defences of considerable strength. When a halt was made with the view 
of assaulting the enemy, or in his presence, these would be strengthened 
or their positions changed under the direction of engineer officers. 



88 SIXTY-FIRST REG I MEN T 

"The second was, the use made of the telegraph and signal corps. 
Nothing could be more complete than the organization and discipline of 
this body of brave and intelligent men. Insulated wires — insulated so 
that they would transmit messages in a storm, on the ground or under 
water — were wound upon reels, making about two hundred pounds weight 
of wire to each reel. Two men and one mule were detailed to each reel. 
The pack-saddle on which this was carried was provided with a rack 
like a sawbuck placed crosswise of the saddle, and raised above it so that 
the reel, with its wire, would revolve freely. There was a wagon, supplied 
with a telegraph operator, battery and telegraph instruments for each 
division, each corps, each army, and one for my headquarters. There 
were wagons, also loaded with light poles, about the size and length of a 
wall tent pole, supplied with an iron spike in one end, used to hold the 
wires up when laid, so that wagons and artillery would not run over them. 
The mules thus loaded were assigned to brigades, and always kept with 
the command they were assigned to. The operators were also assigned 
to particular headquarters, and never changed except by special orders. 

"The moment the troops were put in position to go into camp all the 
men connected with this branch of service would proceed to put up their 
wires. A mule loaded with a coil of wire would be led to the rear of the 
nearest flank of the brigade he belonged to, and would be led in a line 
parallel thereto, while one man would hold an end of the wire and uncoil 
it as the mule was led off. When he had walked the length of the wire 
the whole of it would be on the ground. This would be done in rear of 
every brigade at the same time. The ends of all the wires would then 
be joined, making a continuous wire in the rear of the whole army. The 
men, attached to brigades or divisions, would all commence at once rais- 
ing the wires with their telegraph poles. This was done by making a 
loop in the wire and putting it over the spike and raising the pole to a per- 
pendicular position. At intervals the wire would be attached to trees, 
or some other permanent object, so that one pole was sufficient at a place. 
In the absence of such a support two poles would have to be used, at 
intervals, placed at an angle so as to hold the wire firm in its place. While 
this was being done the telegraph wagons would take their positions near 
where the headquarters they belonged to were to be established, and 
wou)d connect with the wire. Thus, in a few minutes longer time than it 
took a mule to walk the length of its coil, telegraphic communication 
would be effected between all the headquarters of the army. No orders 
ever had to be given to establish the telegraph." 

As night approached on May 7th, the army was in line of battle with 
the 2d corps on the left, the 5th in the center and the 6th on the right, 
the 9th being at different points. During that afternoon an order was 
issued to move the army toward Spottsylvania Court House, and the 
trains began moving at 3 o'clock. After dark, Warren, commanding the 
center, moved in rear of Hancock toward the left, along the Brock Road; 



PEN N SYLVAN I A V LUN TEE RS 89 

Sedgwick, following with the Gth corps, moved to Chancellorsville on the 
Germanna plank-road and the Orange Pike and then by way of Aldrich's 
and Piney Branch Church, marching all night and arriving on the battle- 
field near Spottsylvania Court House at 2 P. M .on May 8th. This was a 
hard night's march, though the distance was only 16 miles. The roads 
were narrow and obstructed most of the way by artillery and ammuni- 
tion trains; the atmosphere was sultry, and toward morning a cloud of 
dust rose from so many moving men, horses and vehicles. The 8th of 
May, 1864, was Sunday, of which the 61st was reminded on marching by 
the silent little Piney Branch Church at about the usual hour for service 
in the forenoon. 

Late that Sunday afternoon the 61st, with other regiments of the 
brigade, after a good deal of shifting about in the woods, stood in front of 
a deep wooded ravine looking toward vSpottsylvania Court House, two and 
a half miles away. While in this position, ready for an advance against 
the enemy concealed in the forest beyond the ravine, Gen. Sedgwick rode 
along in front of the line coming from the left; his clothes were covered 
with dust; his face, red from exposure to the hot sun, had been scratched 
by thorns and vines; his felt hat, well pulled down, was crushed and 
banged from contact with brush. He proceeded slowly of necessity, 
guiding his horse among the trees, and all the while he kept saying, half 
to himself, "We'll get through here after while, boys; this won't last 
always. The enemy has been fearfully punished, so we'll get out into 
open country and^have a better chance." The "boys" cheered "Uncle 
John," as they called him, little thinking they were greeting him for the 
last time. A few minutes after Gen. Sedgwickwent by, the troops moved 
forward slowly, descending into the ravine and advancing up the opposite 
slope in line of battle. 

Twilight was rapidly deepening into darkness when suddenly a rebel 
line of battle appeared, close in front, as if dropped from the clouds. A 
Confederate officer seized the flag of the 61st and demanded instant 
surrender; the color sergeant held on while the bold rebel was caught by 
officers of the 61st and made a prisoner. vSergeant Brady of Company A 
was shot dead by a rebel, who in turn was shot and bayoneted by Jno. E. 
Allison of Company A. A battle was then commenced so quickly that 
officers had no time to give commands. Every man in the regiment, as 
if propelled by machinery, went straight for the rebels in front of him. 
Officers used their swords and revolvers, while the men, after firing one 
shot, took their bayonets or used their guns as clubs, dispersing the enemy 
as police scatter a mob. When the fight ended it was pitch dark, and no 
Union troops to be found on the right or left. The 61st put out its pickets 
and lay on its arms until daylight. About midnight Col. Smith sent 
Adjutant George W. Wilson to find brigade headquarters. The Adjutant 
proceeded a short distance to the rear and then toward the right. While 
groping his way through the dark woods a sentinel challenged him, and 



90 SIXTY-FIRS T RECI MEN T 

almost immediately fired, instantly killing the adjutant. Other thrilling 
incidents occurred, but the 61st came out the next morning with little loss 
and with undiminished intrepidity. Lieut. John Caldwell of Company F 
was captured. Besides the rebels killed and wounded, the 61st captured 
two officers and six men. 

The next day it was learned that Adjutant Wilson was shot by a 
Union soldier on picket whose mind had suddenly left him under the 
great pressure of hard service and loss of sleep. He challenged Wilson 
and then fired before giving him time to advance and give the counter- 
sign. The man belonged to a New York regiment and was taken to the 
rear the next morning, a raving maniac. 

On Monday, May 9th, the 6th corps was pressed up close to the 
enemy, with heavy picket firing all day, the line of battle extending from 
southwest to southeast, with Hancock's 2d corps on the right, Warren's 
5th corps next, then Sedgwick's 6th corps, Burnside's 9th Corps being on 
the left, reaching two miles southwest of the Fredericksburg road. The 
Union line was fortified. The 61st, with other troops, was formed in a 
clearing on the side of a hill, a swamp being in front, and batteries were 
planted back of the position so as to fire over the men toward the enemy 
in their breastworks beyond a strip of woods. On this day the 61st was 
under heavy artillery fire from masked rebel batteries, one shell exploding 
in Company D and killing five men and wounding others. 

An enfilading rebel shell came from the right, striking the rear rank 
in Company D where the men were lying down. Major O. A. Parsons, 
then a lieutenant in Company D, says: — 

"The shell first struck Thomas R. Conner's knapsack; the missile 
then took the heads off Thomas E. Ellis and William H. Ward, not injur- 
ing Wm. Coon, who seemed to be in line, but killing John U. Fairchild, 
J. L. Hays and Crandel A. Wilcox, taking away parts of their heads and 
shoulders and slightly wounding the next man. Conner, whose knapsack 
was hit, received a severe shock which disabled him for several weeks." 

Early in the morning of May 9th, Gen. Sedgwick, with a view of 
examining the ground in front of his position, went on foot to a picket 
post near Alsop's Field, where he was shot and instantly killed by a rebel 
sharpshooter. His loss was a severe one to the army and especially to 
the 6th corps, whose commander he had been for over a year, endearing 
himself to the officers and men as a fine soldier, an honest and patriotic 
man. Only six Major Generals were killed during the entire war, of 
whom five belonged to the Army of the Potomac, as follows: — Philip 
Kearney and Isaac I. Stevens, killed at Chantilly, Virginia, September 
1st, 1862; Hiram G. Berry at Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863; John F. 
Reynolds, at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1863; and John Sedgwick, 
at Spottsylvania, Virginia, May 9, 1864. The other Major General was 
James B. McPherson, killed before Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864, 



PENNSYL VA N I A VO LUN TEE R S 91 

Gen. Horatio G. Wright succeeded to the command of the 6th corps 
and retained the position until the war ended. 

By the evening of May 9th it was found the rebels occupied a strong 
position in front of Spottsylvania Court-house, well protected at all points. 
Where there was woods in front of them it was slashed; where the ground 
was open there was abatis, and artillery was skillfully placed so as to have 
a cross-fire; besides, the rebels had traverses at intervals all along their 
lines. Gen. Horace Porter, then with Gen. Grant, referring to the Union 
and rebel situation around vSpottsylvania Court-house, said: — 

"The movements of the opposing armies now became one of the 
most instructive lessons in the art of modern warfare. They showed the 
closeness of the game played by the two great masters who commanded 
the contending forces, and illustrated how thoroughly those skilled fencers 
had carte and tierce at their fingers' ends. They demonstrated, also, 
how far the features of a campaign may be aflfected by accidents and 
errors. In the Wilderness the maneuvers had been largely a game of 
blindman's-buflf; they now became more like the play of pussy-wants- 
a-corner." 

On May 10th the 6th corps was kept up close to the rebel works, its 
skirmishers assailing every enemy in sight. Under favor of this strong 
attack, keeping the rebels down behind their works. Gen. Wright dis- 
covered a weak point in their line and recommended an assault, which was 
arranged for six o'clock that evening and proved to be one of the bravest 
movements on any battlefield during the war. Emory Upton, colonel 
121st New York was selected to lead the charge. He had 12 regiments 
from the 6th corps, two being from Neill's brigade. His force was formed 
in four lines of three regiments each, and moved up silently to the edge of 
a wood 300 yards from the works to be assailed. The 6th corps artillery 
opened on the works at the point Upton was to strike, and the whole 
corps stood ready to support the assaulting column. Precisely at the 
time appointed, Upton's clear voice was heard, "Attention, battalions; 
forward, double-quick, charge." This command being repeated by each 
regimental commander, the men swept forward with tremendous cheers, 
a sheet of flame bursting from the rebel works, with quick firing by their 
guns, sending grape and canister into the Union lines, but the men in 
blue ran on, leaping ditches and swarming over the rebels' first line; then 
deploying right and left, they charged and took the second line, holding 
the position taken until after dark. Cooperative movements not being 
successful, Upton's force was withdrawn, but he sent back 1000 to 1200 
prisoners. Col. Upton, for his gallantry in that charge, was promoted 
by Gen. Grant to the rank of Brigadier General. On the right of the 6th 
corps. Gen. Warren, with the 5th corps, made a gallant though fruit- 
less attack, and the troops under Gen. Hancock did some hard fighting. 

On May 11th the Union and rebel armies were still closer together, 
and the picket firing was like a continuous battle. That day, May 11th, 



92 SIXTY-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 

at 8:30 A. M., Gen Grant wrote a letter to Washington, destined to be 
famous in view of the situation at that time. The letter, of which a fac- 
simile may be found in Gen. Horace Porter's book, page 104, is on three 
pages of notepaper. It refers to the Union losses, mentioning 20,000 as 
the probable number, including eleven general officers, gives directions 
about supplies and reinforcements, and says among other things: — "I 
propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer." This was what 
the soldiers and the government and the people wanted — no more grand 
strategies on new lines, but a fight to the finish. It rained hard during 
the afternoon of the 11th, and the ensuing night was pitch dark. 

During that afternoon a plan was made to assault the enemy's works 
at daylight the next morning at a point since become famous as the "angle." 
This noted place may be indicated briefly as follows: Gen. Lee's lines, 
five to seven miles long, had the right and left flanks drawn back so as to 
form part of a vast circle, with Spottsylvania Court House in the rear of the 
center, but near the middle of his position was a large salient, which 
projected three-fourths of a mile from the main line northwesterly, in 
order to get advantage of some woods and clear fields. The salient ended 
in an obtuse point opposite the Brown House, which house was half a 
m.ile inside of the Union lines. This projecting salient was half a mile 
wide and enclosed the McCool and the Harrison houses. The fortifica- 
tions around the salient were made of logs and dirt; the land in front of 
the salient was nearly all open, but in the rear was heavy timber, chiefly 
oak. The point of the salient is known as the "bloody angle." In short, 
the salient enclosed three sides of an area half a mile wide and three-fourths 
of a mile long, coming to a point, called the apex, at the outer end, with 
artillery in advantageous positions. 

Gen. Hancock, with his three divisions of the 2d corps, was to mass 
his men during the night of May 11th in front of the Brown House and 
assault the angle at daybreak May 12th. Gen. Wright, with two divisions 
of the 6th corps, Russell's and Wheaton's, the 61st belonging to the 
latter, was to support Hancock and be close behind him when the charge 
was made. Other troops to the right and left were to attack the enemy 
at the same time. In order to secure accuracy of movement, the com- 
pass bearing of the McCool House, inside of the rebel works, from the 
Brown House, within the Union lines, was ascertained, and Hancock 
marched by the compass and a dark lantern from the Brown House to 
the point where his men started on the charge. According to these orders, 
Gen. Hancock moved his men in rain and black darkness to the designated 
point, where they stood ready, in perfect silence, for their perilous work. 
At the same time Gen. Wright moved his 6th corps up near the right and 
a little to the rear of Hancock's men. Owing to a heavy fog, Gen. Han- 
cock postponed the charge from four o'clock, the designated time, to 4:35, 
when he ordered the advance. The troops, keeping a perfect alignment, 
moved at a quick step to within about 300 yards of the rebel works; then 



PENNS YL VA N I A VO LUN TEE RS 93 

they burst into a cheer and ran forward, disregarding the sharp musketry 
fire they received, tore away and passed through obstructions, cHmbed 
over the intrenchments, capturing 4,000 prisoners, 20 pieces of artillery 
with their caissons, horses, etc., several thousand stands of small arms 
and over 30 flags; among the rebel prisoners was Major-General Edward 
Johnson and Brigadier-General George H. Stewart. Hancock's men, in 
getting over the rebel works, sweeping in their prisoners and guns, follow- 
ing the enemy through the woods, lost their regular formations, becom- 
ing a mass of eager, brave men, each acting largely on his own judgment. 
In the meantime the rebels rushed in reinforcements and assailed Han- 
cock's men, driving them at some points back over the works they had 
captured. At this moment, 6 o'clock A. M., the 6th corps came up and 
took position at the apex of the salient, with lines extending along the west 
angle, occupying the outside of the rifle pits, while the rebels held the 
inside. Some of the 2d corps remained in this line, getting fresh supplies 
of ammunition from the cartridge boxes of the dead and wounded and 
refusing to go back, even when given permission to do so. In this position 
a fierce conflict began, and lasted, with little intermission, until three 
o'clock the next morning. The rebels were determined at all hazards and 
at any cost to retake their works, and the Union men were bound, regard- 
less of sacrifice, to hold them. A short distance to the right of the 61st 
was a Union battery, firing over the rebel breastworks into their ranks at 
very short range. In a little while after the 6th corps took position, 
the guns of this battery, one after another, ceased firing, the gunners hav- 
ing been killed or wounded, and then the rebels, with loud yells, rushed 
over the breastworks to take the cannon. The 61st faced to the right 
and the troops on the right of the battery faced to the left, both attack- 
ing the rebels and driving them back with great slaughter. At this time 
an artillery officer ran along the line of the 61st calling for volunteers to 
man the guns. He did not call in vain, for men dropped their muskets 
and followed him and soon the cannons roared again, sending showers 
of canister into the rebels only a hundred feet away. In Company A one 
sergeant and four men volunteered, but the new gunners were soon dis- 
abled by the rebel fire, and the cannon were once more silent. The rebels 
then made another rush for the battery, but were again beaten back, 
some being killed among the guns. During the day they made two other 
attempts to break through the Union line at this point, being repulsed 
each time with severe loss. The rebels could not take the battery nor 
could it be used by the Union troops. It stood all day a noiseless menace 
and temptation to the rebels and to the Union men, a silent witness of 
the destruction of artillerists whose dead bodies were strewn among the 
guns with the infantry volunteers. Of the volunteers from Company A, 
Daniel H. Bee returned unhurt; John Stewart came back with five wounds, 
making him a cripple for life; Calvin Work, Martin Moot and Sergeant 
B. F. Rowland were killed. Toward the evening, several of the guns 



94 SIXTY-FIRS T RECI MEN T 

sunk down, the rebel fire having cut off the spokes of the gun carriage 
wheels. A sponge bucket hanging under one of the guns had 27 bullet 
holes in it. As this fight of May 12, 1864, has taken* a place among the 
most wonderful exhibitions of human courage, some quotations from 
accounts of eye witnesses will be given as illustrating a fearful struggle 
in which the 61st, with other men, won immortal fame. 

Gen. Humphreys, in his book already mentioned, from his own per- 
sonal knowledge gained as chief of staff of the Army of the Potomac, on 
pages 99-100 says: — 

"The contest continued incessantly throughout the day along the 
whole line, from the right of the Sixth Corps to the left of the Second 
Corps; occasionally changes in troops were made where it was practicable, 
in order to replenish ammunition. At the west angle the fighting was 
literally murderous. One of the participants, Brigadier-General Grant, 
commanding the Vermont brigade of the Second Division of the vSixth 
Corps, says of it: — 

'"It was not only a desperate struggle but it was literally a hand-to- 
hand fight. Nothing but the piled up logs or breastworks separated the 
combatants. Our men would rush over the logs and fire into the faces 
of the enemy, would stab over the crevices and holes between the logs; 
men mounted the works, and with muskets rapidly handed them, kept 
up a continuous fire until they were shot down, when others would take 
their place and continue the deadly work. Several times during the day 
the rebels would show a white flag about the works, and when our fire 
slackened jump over and surrender, and others were crowded down to 
fill their places. It was there that the somewhat celebrated tree was cut 
off by bullets, there that the brush and logs were cut to pieces and whipped 
into basket-stuff; there that the rebel ditches and cross-sections were 
filled with dead men several deep. I was at the angle the next day. The 
sight was terrible and sickening, much worse than at Bloody Lane, Antie- 
tam. There a great many dead men were lying in the road and across 
the rails of the torn down fences, and out in the cornfield, but they were 
not piled up several deep and their flesh was not so torn and mangled as 
at the "angle."' 

"As an indication of the sanguinary character of the conflict of the 
10th and 12th, Col. Upton remarks that Capt. Lamont of the Fifth Maine, 
the only one of seven captains who escaped in the assault of the 10th, was 
among the killed on the 12th. 

"General McGowan, of Wilcox's division, Hill's corps, says: 'Our 
men lay on one side of the breastwork, the enemy on the other, and in 
many instances men were pulled over.' He believed that he captured 
as many prisoners as he lost. 'The trenches,' he says, 'on the right in 
the bloody angle had to be cleared of the dead more than once. An oak 
tree, twenty-two inches in diameter, in rear of the brigade was cut down 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUNTEERS 95 

by musket-balls and fell about twelve o'clock Thursday night, injuring 
several men in the First South Carolina regiment.' 

"Many others give the same account of the character of the con- 
test at and in the vicinity of the west angle. All the brigades engaged 
in it lost heavily. Rain fell during the day and heavily toward night." 

Gen. Horace Porter, then on Gen. Grant's staff, in his book already 
mentioned, on pages 110-11, says: — 

"The battle near the 'angle' was probably the most desperate engage- 
ment in the history of modern warfare, and presented features which 
were absolutely appalling. It was chiefly a savage hand-to-hand fight 
across the breastworks. Rank after rank was riddled by shot and shell 
and bayonet-thrusts, and finally sank, a mass of torn and mutilated 
corpses; then fresh troops rushed madly forward to replace the dead, and 
so the murderous work went on. Guns were run up close to the parapet, 
and double charges of canister played their part in the bloody work. 
The fence-rails and logs in the breastworks were shattered into splinters, 
and trees over a foot and a half in diameter were cut completely in two by 
the incessant musketry fire. A section of the trunk of a stout oak tree 
thus severed was afterwards sent to Washington, where it is still on exhibi- 
tion at the National Museum. We had not only shot down an army, 
but also a forest. 

"My duties carried me again to the spot the next day, and the appal- 
ling sight presented was harrowing in the extreme. Our own killed were 
scattered over a large space near the 'angle,' while in front of the captured 
breastworks the enemy's dead, vastly more numerous than our own, 
were piled upon each other in some places four layers deep, exhibiting 
every ghastly phase of mutilation. The place was well named the 'Bloody 
Angle.'" 

Surgeon Stevens, historian of the 6th corps, in his book at page 337, 
says : — 

"And now, as the boys of the Second division took their places in the 
front, the battle became a hand-to-hand combat. A breastwork of logs 
separated the combatants. Our men would reach over this partition and 
discharge their muskets in the face of the enemy, and in return would 
receive the fire of the rebels at the same close range. Finally, the enemy 
began to use their muskets as clubs and then rails were used." 

The largest white oak tree referred to was nearly opposite the line 
of the 61st. It fell an hour after midnight, its vast trunk, with dense 
foliage at the top, was found the next morning inside of and parallel to 
the rebel works. When it went down yells and groans were heard from 
the members of the 1st South Carolina regiment whom it struck, killing 
some and wounding others. 

This particular tree was shot down because its ample trunk at the 
ground afforded shelter for some of the rebel sharpshooters who silenced 
the Union battery and later during the day sent destructive bullets into 



96 SI XTY-FIRS T REG I MEN T 

the position held by the 6th corps. In response, for hours that white oak 
tree was aimed at by many Union soldiers bent on stopping the deadly 
fire from behind it. 

At three o'clock in the morning, May 13th, the rebels gave up the 
battle and moved back half a mile to a new and well fortified line. Two 
hours later the 61st, with other troops, crossed the rebel works, moved 
around the prostrate form of the big tree, with its many limbs, and ad- 
vanced toward the new rebel works, until a fire of artillery and musketry 
was received, and then fell back to the "Bloody Angle." Later in the 
day, May 13th, the 61st moved, with the 6th corps, toward the Union 
left, the region held by Burnside's 9th corps. While on this march many 
men found it necessary, in order to walk with comfort, to dampen with 
water their trouser legs, the cloth being stiflf with mud from the "Bloody 
Angle" rifle-pits, where the ground was tramped into mortar during the 
fight. On May 13th, the next day after the Bloody Angle fight. Gen. 
Grant recommended Gen. Wright, commander of the 6th corps, for pro- 
motion to the rank of Major-General and that he be assigned as permanent 
commander of the 6th corps, the promotion and assignment being prompt- 
ly granted. In the fight early in the morning Gen. Wright was wounded, 
but remained on duty all day. On the night of May 13th an incident 
occurred which shows how tired and sleepy the men were after so many 
days of fighting and nights of marching. About dark the 61st camped 
in an open field. After getting coffee, the soldiers lay down, most of 
them without any blankets under or covering them. The next morn- 
ing when they woke up a strong breastwork of logs and dirt was in their 
front, only a few feet away, extending out of sight to the right and left. 
Most of the 61st men heard no sound of axe or shovel or orders of officers, 
but slept soundly through it all. That afternoon. May 14th, an amusing 
event occurred. The brigade to which the 61st belonged, reduced to 
about the size of one full regiment, was in line of battle in the woods. 
Toward evening a fresh regiment of heavy artillery came up, formed in 
front of the brigade and stacked arms. The men, in new uniforms, were 
weary and hungry and thirsty. They scattered in search of water and 
material to make fires. Many of the old soldiers proceeded to appropriate 
the new gum blankets and exchange old rusty guns for bright new ones. 
After half an hour the rebels opened on the position with artillery, send- 
ing shot and shell crashing through the trees. The new regiment, being 
called by bugle signal, promptly fell into line, ready for action. In a 
few minutes the artillery fire ceased and the men again broke ranks. By 
this time they discovered what had happened. Thereupon the new colonel, 
politely saluting Gen. Neill, in charge of his brigade, said, "General, 
many of your men have taken our guns, blankets and other equipment." 
Gen. Neill, straightening up with imperious dignity and speaking in 
deep, grave tones, said "Impossible, colonel; my men have no use for your 
guns or other property." "But," said the colonel, "they have actually 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



97 



taken many of our guns," and pointing to various weather-beaten men in 
dirty garments nearby, the colonel said, "there is a man with one of our 
guns, and there is another, and beyond I see some of our new blankets." 
Gen. Neill said, "Oh, no, you are mistaken; it is impossible; when you 
stacked arms you put a guard over them; you are too good a soldier to 
leave your property unguarded. Besides, if you need any guns you can 
pick up on this battlefield ten for every one you have lost." The colonel 
realized that he had made a great mistake in not putting a guard over his 
men's equipment, and said nothing more. Most of the old soldiers were 
inclined to poke fun at these spick and span reinforcements who had been 
doing garrison duty in Washington, living on "soft bread," but the very 
first fight those new men got into in a few days they distinguished them- 
selves, and when next seen by Neill's brigade the fresh men were heartily 
cheered. 

During these operations the army saw very little of Gen. Grant, but 
his appearance was always greeted with hearty cheers. On the 15th of 
May the 61st and other troops were in line of battle not far from Fredericks- 
burg Road, in the woods, behind slight fortifications made chiefly of logs, 
there being a picket line only between that line and the enemy, then posted 
in part along the south side of the Ny River. While in that position, 
inactive, a verbal order, repeated by field and line officers, came along 
the line from the right in these words, "Don't cheer." The soldiers un- 
derstood some popular officer was coming whose life might be endangered 
by cheering, as the noise would reveal the Union position to the enemy. 
In a few minutes Gen. Grant, on a bay horse, came from the right, pro- 
ceeding toward the left, riding slowly through the brush, keeping his eye 
on the breastwork. When he came within 200 feet, the soldiers began 
to throw up their hats and make a noise like cheering, but almost inau- 
dible. This noise grew louder, and before the general passed the 61st the 
men broke out into a tremendous cheer, which extended back along the 
line until it died away in the distance, and kept a hundred feet ahead of 
the hero as he proceeded. At the same instant rebel batteries opened, 
firing shells, one of which burst over Gen. Grant's head, sending a shower 
of debris down upon him. His horse crouched and shivered as he pro- 
ceeded, but did not rear or plunge like the other horses of the aides and 
orderlies. 

Gen. Grant gave no evidence that he heard the cheering or the firing, 
but proceeded quietly out of sight and the incident ended, the men liking 
the general better for not "making a fuss about nothing." 

On May 17th, in the night, the 6th corps, with other troops, marched 
back to the salient, taking position at the apex of the angle, and at day- 
light attacked the enemy on the line to which they retreated early on the 
morning of May 13th, but the rebels, understanding the movement, were 
ready for the attack and repulsed it. The 6th corps then moved back 
toward the left. 



98 SIXTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 

In this fight the heavy artillery soldiers showed they were made of 
good material, and were no longer looked upon as mere soft bread eaters. 
On the 19th and 20th of May some hard fighting occurred, chiefly by the 
2d corps, and this practically ended what is known as the battle of Spottsyl- 
vania Court-house. 

Gen. Humphreys' chief of staflf, in his closing paragraph on Spottsyl- 

vania, says: — 

"This account of the operations shows in what manner the contest 
between the two armies was carried on. The marching was done chiefly 
at night, and the contact was so close as to require constant vigilance day 
and night, and aflow but little time for sleep. The firing was incessant. 
The fatigue, the loss of sleep, the watchfulness, taxed severely the powers 
of endurance of both officers and men. Usually, in military opera- 
tions, the opposing armies come together, fight a battle and separate 
again, the strain lasting only a few days. In a siege it is only a small 
part of the opposing troops that are close together. But with these two 
armies it was different. From the 5th of May, 1864, to the 9th of April, 
1865, they were in constant close contact, with rare intervals of brief 
comparative repose." 

The loss of the 61st at Spottsylvania Court-house, as officially re- 
ported, including the dates May 8th to 21st inclusive, was : killed, officers 
one, men 30; wounded, officers 6, men 96; missing 6; total, 139. The 
actual loss, including mortally wounded, as corroborated by Fox, page 
274, was: killed, officers 2; men 42; wounded, officers 5, men 84; missing 
6; total, 139. The officers killed were: Adjutant George W. Wilson, and 
Lieut. James W. Prophater of Company C who wounded at this time 
later died on August 31st. In tables given by Fox it appears the 61st 
stood 16 in the loss at Spottsylvania Court-house, only 15 regiments in 
the entire army having greater carnage. The total loss of the army, as 
given by Gen. Humphreys, was: killed, 3,047; wounded, 12,675; missing, 
2,001; total, 17,723. He says the total wounded and missing for the 16 
days from May 5th to 21st was 33,110, and counting 4,225 sent to the 
rear sick, the aggregate loss was 37,335 for the Wilderness and Spottsyl- 
vania to May 21st. 

Aggregating the 61st losses for the same 16 days, the figures are: 
in the Wilderness, 151; at Spottsylvania, 139; total, 290; and adding losses 
from sickness, say 35, a low estimate, the regiment was reduced by at 
least 325 men, an average of more than 20 for each day. 



CHAPTER IX. 

COLD HARBOR-FORT STEVENS. 

"I have always regretted that the last assault 
at Cold Harbor was ever made. No advantage 
whatever was gained to compensate for the heavy 
loss we sustained." 

Gen. U. S. Grant in his Personal Memoirs. 

"The President evinced remarkable coolness and 
disregard of danger. He took his position at my 
side on the parapet, and all my entreaties failed to 
move him, though in addition to the stray shots 
which were constantly passing over, the spot was a 
favorite mark for the sharpshooters. After he left 
the parapet he would persist in standing up from 
time to time, thus exposing nearly one-half his tall 
form to the bullets." 

Major General H. G. Wright, 
_ Commanding 6th Corps at Fort Stevens. 

In the Military Museum in Washington, beside the cylindrical glass 
case containing the stump of the big tree cut off at the Bloody Angle by 
minie balls, is a smaller glass case in which, suspended to a copper wire, 
is something resembling an autumnal oak leaf. On closer inspection the 
suspended object is found to be lead, and the inscription says it was 
picked up at Spottsylvania Court-house at the Angle. Two bullets of 
the same weight and consistency, going in opposite directions with equal 
velocity, met in the air, and smashing, they spread out like molten metal, 
the outer edges of each becoming serrated, bending over and clasping the 
other as if still in mortal strife. This historic piece of lead illustrates 
the deadly character of the conflict between the Union and rebel armies 
as they faced each other at Spottsylvania Court-house after the terrible 
battles. The soldiers on both sides aimed to kill, each being determined 
to annihilate the other. Never before had the Union army been so 
unalterably resolved to crush rebellion and wipe the rebel army from the 
earth. And Union losses only stimulated this grim determination, not for 
revenge, but through a distinct understanding that no peace could be 
secured with an effective rebel army in the field. The soldiers realized 
they were engaged in a mighty conflict that shook the continent, and the 
depletion of their ranks suggested like or greater decrease in the ranks of 
the enemy. The brave spirit of Gen. Grant pervaded the ranks, and the 



100 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 



men were indeed ready to "fight it out," regardless of time or place. 
This spirit never changed, but rather intensified until the end. 

On May 21st, 1864, the army began another left flank movement 
toward Richmond, the 2d corps, under Hancock, leading. In order to 
deceive the enemy, the 6th corps was pressed close to the enemy and kept 
up a sharp picket fire. Then later in the day it retired to a new position 
at the Gayle House, where a rebel division attacked, but was repulsed. 
The 61st, with the brigade, then started toward Guinea's Station on the 
Richmond and Potomac Railroad, reaching that place the next day at 
11 A. M. On the 23d, the 6th corps moved near the North Anna River, 
camping at Harris' store, in support of the 5th corps then skirmishing with 
the enemy across the North Anna River. The next day. May 24th, the 
6th corps crossed that stream four miles below Jericho Mills, at the tele- 
graph road, on a pontoon bridge. 

While moving up along the north side of the North Anna River 
toward Jericho Mills on the evening of May 23d, near the stream, high 
banks being on both sides, a Union battery was posted on the north side 
of the river, firing across over the marching troops at the rebels, then 
attacking the 5th corps under Gen. Warren. Owing to the conformation 
of the ground, the roar of the Union guns was astounding and the rever- 
berations seemed louder than the original discharges. Men of the 61st 
found it necessary to walk on tiptoe and use other precautions to avoid 
ear ruptures. The air seemed highly charged with electricity and the 
shocks were startling, but when the column reached a point where the 
high bluff was only on the south side, the peculiar effect ceased, although 
the number of guns had been increased. By the time the 6th corps got 
into position to support Gen. Warren, the enemy had been repulsed and 
the corps rested all day, many of the men embracing the opportunity to 
wash their clothes and get rid of part of the Virginia soil accumulated in 
the preceeding three weeks. 

On May 25th the 6th corps moved up close to the rebel fortifications, 
but did not become engaged, beyond a severe skirmish. After dark on 
the 26th, the army moved back across the North Anna and continued the 
march by the left flank toward Richmond. The 6th corps. Gen. Russell's 
1st division leading, followed the cavalry, Generals Neill and Ricketts, in 
charge of the 2d and 3d divisions, camping for the night near Chesterfield 
Station. 

The country, after leaving Spottsylvania was open and well culti- 
vated, the main obstacles being in the numerous streams to be crossed, 
with sluggish currents and low marshy banks, overflowing after every 
considerable rain. During the march from Spottsylvania, the improve- 
ments were not spared, although it seems no orders on the subject were 
issued. Day and night, as the troops and trains proceeded, flames and 
smoke arose on every hand, houses, barns, outbuildings, stacks of grain 
and hay, disappearing in all directions. 



PENNSYLVANIA VO LUN TEE RS 101 

In the forenoon of May 28th, the 6th corps crossed the Pamunkey 
River at Huntley's, four miles above Hanover Town, and formed line of 
battle, protecting the road to Hawe's Shop, being in the front line next 
to the cavalry. The Pamunkey River is formed by the union of the 
North and South Annas. On the 29th, the 6th corps moved to within 
three miles of Hanover Court-house and camped for the night, the next 
morning moving to Hanover Court-house, where the corps remained until 
the evening of May 31st, when it made a night march to Cold Harbor, 
arriving there at 9 A. M., June 1st, affording timely aid to Sheridan's 
cavalry, then hotly engaged with a large part of the rebel army. This 
night march of fifteen miles, past Hawe's Shop and Old Church, was hard 
on account of the suffocating weather, the dusty roads and poor drinking 
water. On reaching Cold Harbor, the 6th corps took the front line, pro- 
tecting the roads to New Bridge, Despatch Station and Bethesda Church, 
fighting all day to keep back the rebel forces trying to recapture the place. 
That evening at 7 o'clock, an attack was made on the rebels, the 6th corps 
advancing with its right under Gen. Ricketts on the Richmond Road. 
Next to Ricketts was Russell's division, then Getty's 2d division under 
Neill, Neill's brigade under Bidwell being on the extreme left and part of 
the time refused so as to protect the rear. To the right of the 6th corps 
was the 18th corps under Gen. W. F. Smith, just arrived as reinforce- 
ments from the White House on the Peninsula. A bloody fight ensued, 
the 6th corps capturing 500 prisoners and driving back the enemy from 
his main line. In this engagement, which lasted about an hour, the 6th 
corps lost 1,200 killed and wounded. Both the 6th and 18th corps in- 
trenched the position they gained. In the morning, June 2d, the 2d 
corps came up on the left of the 6th corps, and Getty's 2d division then 
moved from the left to the right of the 6th corps, relieving part of the 
18th corps. Heavy skirmishing was kept up all day, and an attack 
ordered for five o'clock in the afternoon, but later, on account of the 
intense heat, the attack was postponed until 4:30 the next morning, June 
3d. The rebel position was naturally strong and was well fortified, with 
open ground in front nearly all along the line. The right rested on the 
Chickahominy in a swamp about three miles from the main Richmond 
defenses, while the left was out of sight in the wooded swamps, the sources 
of the Totopotomoy and Matadequin Creeks. It being impracticable to 
assail either flank, Gen Grant decided to assault the rebel center. About 
five o'clock in the afternoon of June 2d, it began to rain and continued 
nearly all night, to the great relief of the troops. The rebel works were 
to be assailed by the 2d, 6th and 18th corps promptly at 4:30; the hour 
fixed for the attack, June 3d, these three corps advanced under heavy 
artillery and musketry fire and carried the enemy's advance rifle pits, but 
the resistance now became hotter from a cross-fire of artillery nearly all 
along the Union line. Still the troops ran up close to the main intrench- 
ments, maintaining their position in some places within thirty yards of 



102 . SIXTY-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 

the rebel works. The Union loss was enormous, especially in brigade and 
regimental commanders, who bravely led their men. The fight only 
lasted about an hour, and in that time the three corps lost over 4,000 
men. Including the 5th and 9th corps, cooperating, the total loss was 
5,600. The 6th corps made this assault by advancing its entire Hne, 
Russell's division on the left, Rickett's in the center, and Getty's com- 
manded by Neill, on the right. The 6th corps had to endure an enfilad- 
ing fire from both right and left, yet it captured and held the rebel works 
in its front, taking a position within thirty to fifty yards of the main 
fortifications of the enemy. By direction of Gen. Grant, the order to 
attack on the morning of June 3d was suspended, and he afterwards said 
he was sorry the attack was made. The army remained in the advance 
position it gained that morning until June 12th, when it left for the move- 
ment across the James River. 

Gen. Humphreys describes the sore trials of the soldiers during the 
nine days when the lines were so close, as follows: — 

"The daily skirmishing during that time was sharp, and caused severe 
loss in some divisions; during the nights there was heavy artillery firing, 
and sometimes heavy musketry. The labor in making the approaches 
and strengthening the intrenchments was hard. The men in the advanced 
part of the lines, which were some miles in length, had to lie close in 
narrow trenches with no water, except a little to drink, and that of the 
worst kind, being from surface drainage; they were exposed to great heat 
during the day; they had but little sleep; their cooking was of the rudest 
character. For over a month the army had no vegetables, and the beef 
used was from cattle which were exhausted by a long march through 
country scantily provided with forage. Dead horses and mules and 
oflfal were scattered over the country, and between the lines were many 
dead bodies of both parties unburied in a burning sun. The country was 
low and marshy in character. The exhausting efi'ect of all this began to 
show itself, and sickness of malarial character increased largely." 

After the battle of Cold Harbor, an incident occurred which illust- 
rates the exhausted condition of the soldiers. At the Second Division 
Sixth Corps Field Hospital was a member of Company A 61st, named 
Johnston Walker, a superb soldier in every way, who was sick. He was 
a young man of rather dark complexion, and, of course, bronzed by the 
sun. Beside him was a sergeant of that company, also sick. Walker 
said to the sergeant, "I am very sick; I am sure I wih not get well unless 
sent north for treatment." The sergeant tried to comfort him, saying 
some soup would soon be brought around which would revive him. In a 
little while the division and brigade surgeons came along with some 
hospital stewards, making two lists of the disabled, one to remain with 
the army, including those temporarily ill or slightly wounded, the other 
of those more seriously disabled, requiring treatment in a general hospital 
in the north. The sick and wounded were lying side by side in the woods. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS 103 

The examiners first came to the sergeant and decided he must go north 
for treatment, and put his name down on that list. They then examined 
Walker and said his illness was only temporary and that a few days' rest 
and a little nourishing food would put him back in the ranks. He pro- 
tested, saying faintly he was very sick and could not live in that place. 
The doctors said he was young and would soon get well, declining to make 
any other disposition. After the surgeons passed, the sergeant tried to 
console Walker by saying the surgeons knew his condition better than 
he did and he should be cheered rather than depressed by their assurances 
he would soon get well. However, he was greatly discouraged, saying the 
surgeons did not understand his case. The sergeant then, overcome with 
weakness and fatigue, turned over, away from Walker, and fell asleep; on 
waking, in one to two hours, he turned back toward Walker and spoke to 
him. There was no response, and rising on his elbow, the sergeant found 
that Walker had died. 

Official figures give the 61st losses at Cold Harbor to June 2d, at 10 
wounded and one missing, total 11. On June 5th, Lieut. Price of Com- 
pany A, was wounded, and that heroic officer, when informed he must go 
to the rear for treatment, actually shed tears, saying he did not want to 
"leave the boys." Others were wounded of whom there is no official 
account, and a large number in the regiment were disabled by sickness. 
The total loss of the army at Cold Harbor, as given by Gen. Humphreys, 
was 12,970, of whom 1,905 were killed. These figures are very unre- 
liable, as admitted_by the author, who says there is no official report on 
file for the 6th corps or for any of its divisions. 

While the army was fighting at Spottsylvania and moving down to- 
wards Cold Harbor, Gen. Sheridan was doing great things with the cavalry 
and was rapidly coming to the front as an all-around commander. In his 
first general fight with the rebel cavalry, he was victorious at Yellow 
Tavern May 11th, near Richmond, killing the rebel general Stuart. The 
rebel cavalry was also defeated at Hanover Town, Hawe's Shop and Cold 
Harbor, in all of which Sheridan showed brilliant talent as a field fighter. 

On June 9th it was determined to move the army across the James 
River, and for that purpose a new intrenched line six miles long was 
prepared in 36 hours, in rear of the line then held by the Union army. 
One by one the various corps were transferred over the Chickahominy 
and across the Peninsula so skillfully that the enemy did not know what 
was going on until it was too late to interfere. 

The James River was to be crossed at Wilcox Landing, nearly opposite 
Charles City Court-house, a distance for some of the troops of over 40 
miles from Cold Harbor by the road used, and in reaching that point the 
Chickahominy River had to be bridged and crossed at three places for the 
2d and 5th corps at Long Bridge, the 6th and 9th corps lower down at 
Jones Bridge, and the trains still farther down at Windsor Shade's Land- 
ing. 



104 SI XTY-FIRS T REG I MEN T 

The movement began after dark June 12th, the order specifying the 
roads for each corps and providing when they were on the same road which 
should have precedence, and where all should stop at night. This order 
may be found in Gen. Humphrey's book, page 426, and will repay perusal 
by any one interested in the highest development of military science relat- 
ing to the movement of troops and trains in the face of an active and 
intelligent enemy. Gen. Washington maneuvered his army in 1781 over 
much of the same region, but the Father of his Country never dreamed 
of such an army as Grant had to handle in June, 1864. 

Immediately after dark, as ordered. Gen. Warren moved his 5th 
corps to his left toward Long Bridge, followed by Gen. Hancock's 2d 
corps. The pontoon bridge at Long Bridge was laid at one o'clock A .M. 
June 13th, and both corps crossed as per program, the 2d corps reaching 
Wilcox Landing the same evening at five o'clock. The 6th and 9th 
corps moved as ordered, crossing the Chickahominy on a pontoon bridge 
at Jones Bridge, all of the corps concentrating near Charles City Court- 
house by morning, June 14th, and holding the roads to Wilcox Landing on 
the James River. In this march the 61st broke its Cold Harbor camp at 
midnight June 12th, having been left as rear guard. The next night the 
regiment bivouaced six miles from Charles City Court-house. Some of 
the regiment, having been on picket duty, had no sleep the night of the 
llth-12th, and therefore found it hard to keep up with the column. That 
day familiar places were observed, recalHng the campaign of 1862. 

The pontoon bridge across the James River was laid between Wind- 
mill Point and Fort Powhattan, where the river was 2100 feet wide. 
The depth in mid-channel was from 70 to 100 feet. The tidal current 
was strong, the rise and fall being four feet. The number of pontoons 
used was 101, and in the center above and below they were anchored to 
vessels moored for that purpose. In the middle there was a draw for the 
passage of boats. The bridge was commenced from each end, successive 
pontoons and rafts being used. The work of laying the bridge began at 
four o'clock P. M., June 14th, and was finished at midnight, the total 
time being eight hours. By midnight of the 16th the whole army, with 
all its trains, was over. On June 15th and 16th, the 61st, with other 
troops, acted as rear guard, while the troops and trains crossed the James 
River, some in transports and some on the long pontoon bridge. The 
line of the 6th corps as rear guard was shortened until only the 2d division 
remained on the north side, which, after the cavalry had crossed, followed 
the trains over the pontoon bridge and proceeded to Petersburg on the 17th, 
taking position near the Appomattox River on the right of the LTnion 
army. 

These marches were extremely trying, but the men believed they 
would soon end the war and were buoyant in spirit, if weary in body. 
On June ISth the 61st, with other forces, advanced in support of some 
co'ored troops, helping them to hold two small forts and some rifle pits 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 105 

they had bravely taken. For three days, picket firing was incessant, 
every head exposed on either side being in danger. Midnight June 21st 
the regiment moved six miles to the left near the Jerusalem plank road, 
later taking position facing the Weldon Railroad, the picket line being 
on that road, where the 61st remained most of the time for two weeks, 
doing picket duty and having some time to recuperate, Capt. Rendenbach 
being still in command of the regiment. 

On June 29th hard fighting was heard to the left, and the 61st, with 
other troops, started on a forced march to the left, going to Reams vSta- 
tion on the Weldon and Petersburg Railroad. Here Gen. Wilson, with 
his cavalry, trying to return after a raid, was roughly handled, losing all 
his artillery and a large number of his men. His raid had lasted ten 
days, during which the men were in the saddle nearly all of the time 
marching over SCO miles and destroying 60 miles of railroad. The 6th 
corps did not arrive in time to save Wilson, but buried some of his dead 
and rescued some of his artillery. The 6th corps returned the next 
day, June 30th, to its place in the line, where it remained until July 
6th, when the 3d division under Gen. Ricketts was sent to Baltimore and 
took part on the 9th in the battle of Monocacy under Gen. Lew Wallace. 
In this fight Gen. Ricketts, conspicuous for his gallantry, was wounded. 

At midnight, July 9th, the other tw^o divisions of the 6th corps marched 
14 miles to City Point and embarked for Washington, arriving there on 
the afternoon of the 11th, and marched up Seventh Street toward Fort 
Stevens as the rebel general Early marched down the same street toward 
that fort. When the 6th corps landed on the vSixth Street dock, Presi- 
dent Lincoln was there with his black clothes and tall hat. He was much 
pleased to see the "boys" of the 6th corps, and talked familiarly with 
many of them. Major Crosby, of the 61st, wounded in the Wilderness, 
was in a hospital in Washington, and when he heard the 6th corps was 
coming, applied for leave to join his regiment. His application was re- 
fused on the ground that his wound in the head was not sufficiently healed 
to permit wearing a hat or going where there was dust, and overheating 
would be dangerous. Nevertheless, he went to a livery stable, hired a 
horse and joined the regiment, taking command, as he was the ranking 
officer. When nearing the regiment at Fort Stevens, having returned his 
horse, a fellow officer met Crosby, who was then on foot, and begged him 
to return because of his feeble condition. This he refused to do saying, 
"I must go to my boys." 

The column, on leaving the dock, moved past the Smithsonian In- 
stitute, the Patent Office, and the Postoffice, people lining the streets all 
the way, many remarks being made, "It is the old 6th corps. Those are 
the men who took Marye's Heights," and other observations about the 
soldiers and the states from whence they came. Flags and handkerchiefs 
waved from the windows and house-tops, greeting the men as they "stepped 
out" with a lively swing over the cobblestone pavements. The 61st 



106 SIXTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 

camped for the night with the brigade in rear of Fort DeRussey. During 
the forenoon of July 12th the various Union commanders about the 
National Capitol got their men into position for resistance, the rebel 
skirmishers in the meantime advancing within rifle shot of the principal 
defences and sending their bullets whizzing over Fort Stevens, keeping 
the inexperienced troops in a state of nervous excitement and spreading 
terror among the government officials. 

Finally, in the afternoon, Gen. Wright, having sifted the wild and 
conflicting rumors and obtained definite information as to the position 
of the enemy, made preparation for an attack. Up to that hour the 
Union forces were all invisible, concealing themselves in the forts and 
rifle pits. The artillery in the forts was making some noise, but accom- 
plished nothing. About fom o'clock, the 3d brigade 2d division 6th 
corps, under Gen. Bidwell, was ordered to the front, and soon moved for- 
ward in the open ground before Fort Stevens and formed for the attack 
as follows: — First line, 77th N. Y., 7th Maine and 49th N. Y.;second 
hne, 43d N. Y., 61st Pennsylvania, and 122d N. Y. These two lines 
were each about 1000 feet long and were to move over open fields without 
any protection. The enemy was about half a mile away, sheltered by 
buildings and trees, with wire and rail fences to obstruct the Union ad- 
vance. The forts now opened firing over the 6th corps brigade, aiming 
at some rebel batteries that had concentrated a heavy fire on the troops 
while they were forming. 

It was an anxious moment around that locality and excitement ran 
high, the only cool men being those standing in line of battle, waiting 
for the order to advance. President Lincoln, then a candidate for re- 
election on a war platform, was in Fort Stevens, gazing at the soldiers 
about to move. Stevens, the 6th corps historian, stood on the parapet 
of Fort Stevens and saw it all. On page 378 he describes the fight as 
follows: — 

"The flag of the Seventy-seventh waved the signal of readiness, the 
heavy ordnance in the fort sent volley after volley of thirty-two pound 
shells howling over the heads of our men into the midst of the rebels, and 
through the house where so many of them had found shelter, and then at 
the command of Sedgwick's 'men of iron,' the brave fellows started eagerly 
forward. They reached and passed the skirmishers, and the white puffs 
of smoke and the sharp crack from their rifles became more and more 
frequent, first the rattle of an active skirmish, and then the continuous 
roar of a musketry battle. 

"In magnificent order and with light steps they ran forward, up the 
ascent, through the orchard, through the little grove on the right, over 
the rail fence, up to the road, making straight for the first objective point, 
the frame house in front. The rebels at first stood their ground, then 
gave way before the impetuous charge. 

"The President, the members of his cabinet and the ladies, as well 



PENN SYLVA NI A VO LUN TEE RS 107 

as the military officers in the fort, and the crowd of soldiers and citizens, 
who had gathered about it to witness the fight, watched with breathless 
interest the gallant advance as our boys pushed forward, keeping their 
line of battle perfect, except when now and then some regiment having 
the advantage of ground, in its eagerness got a little in advance of others, 
until they saw the rebels take to flight. Then the crowd at the fort rent 
the air with exultant cheers, and as the boys reached the house, the people 
were wild with excitement, shouting and clapping their hands, leaping and 
dancing with joy. 

"But the rebels did not yield without resistance. They met our men 
bravely, and though forced to seek safety in flight, turned and poured 
their volleys into the ranks of the pursuers. 

"Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson, commanding the Forty-ninth, a brave 
man, who had never shrunk from danger, and who had shared all the 
varied fortunes of the brigade since its organization, fell mortally wounded. 
Colonel Visscher, of the Forty-third, who had but lately succeeded the 
beloved Wilson, was killed. Major Jones, commanding the Seventh 
Maine, was also among the slain; and Major Crosby, commanding the 
Sixty-first Pennsylvania, who had but just recovered from the bad wound 
he received in the Wilderness, was taken to the hospital, where the sur- 
geons removed his left arm from the shoulder. Colonel French, of the 
Seventy-seventh, was injured, but not seriously. The commanding 
officer of every regiment in the brigade was either killed or wounded. 

"While the battle was in progress, President Lincoln stood upon the 
parapet of the fort watching, with eager interest, the scene before him. 
Bullets came whistling around, and one severely wounded a surgeon who 
stood within three feet of the President. Mrs. Lincoln entreated him to 
leave the fort, but he refused; he, however, accepted the advice of Gen. 
Wright to descend from the parapet and watch the battle from a less 
exposed position. 

"We gathered our dead comrades from the field where they had 
fallen, and gave them the rude burial of soldiers on the common near 
Fort Stevens. 

"But though no concourse of citizens followed the patriots to their 
humble resting-place, though no bands waited the solemn dirge, and no 
casket but the earth enclosed their remains, their deeds were not for- 
gotten. Their memory was enshrined in the hearts of the people; and 
after a few weeks their remains were exhumed from their scattered graves, 
they were placed together in a little enclosure on the sunny slope in front 
of the fort, and a beautiful monument tells the story of their noble sacri- 
fice." 

The enemy was vigorously followed until ten o'clock, when the 
pursuers stopped near Tenallytown for the night. The next day Gen. 
Wright followed the rebel general Early, camping for the night at Pooles- 
ville, Maryland, 35 miles from Fort Stevens. The following day, July 



108 SIXTY-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 

14th, Early escaped across the Potomac at White's Ford, thus ending the 
raid on Washington. 

The battle of Fort Stevens was a bloody conflict for the number 
engaged, as indicated by the fact that every regimental commander on 
the Union side was killed or wounded. The 61st, of 200 men in hne, lost 
6 killed, including Lieut. William Laughlin of Company B, then acting 
as adjutant, and 25 men wounded, including Major Crosby, who lost an 
arm. 

Company A, at Fort vStevens, had two brothers, Aseph and John 
Ellis, both excellent soldiers; a brother of the two men, in Company A 
belonged to the 7th Wisconsin, named Horace A. Ellis, who at the time 
was in Washington recovering from wounds. He left the hospital, got a 
gun and took his place with Aseph and John, serving with distinguished 
gallantry. When the fight ended, John was among the killed, the two 
surviving brothers burying him on the field. Horace then returned to 
the hospital and later to his regiment, with enhanced reputation as a 
courageous man, ready to do more than his duty. 

In his book entitled "The Shenandoah Valley" in the series called 
"Campaigns of the Civil War," Mr. Geo. E. Pond, referring to Fort 
Stevens, said: — 

"Rarely did a minor engagement present so clear an opportunity for 
viewing its progress, and rarely for such a scene was a more memorable 
group of spectators assembled. On the parapet of Fort Stevens stood the 
tall form of Abraham Lincoln, by the side of General Wright, who in vain 
warned the eager President that his position was swept by the bullets of 
sharpshooters, until an officer was shot down within three feet of him, when 
he reluctantly stepped below. Sheltered from the line of fire, Cabinet 
officers and a group of citizens and ladies, breathless with excitement, 
watched the fortunes of the fight. Strange as was this spectacle at the 
gates of the national capitol, it would have seemed stranger still to the 
onlookers, could they have known that in the camp yonder, as if in typical 
contrast to the figure on the parapet, stood one who four years before had 
been the Vice-President of the United States. 

"It was no mock battle that these spectators witnessed. Stretchers 
soon came from the field by scores, with their ghastly loads ; the hospitals 
in the rear of the fort were astir; and here and there, dotting the meadow, 
the orchard and the dusty highway, lay many a lad for whom the wild 
cheers of the crowd fell on deaf ears." 

In certain proceedings of the Fort Stevens Lincoln Military Memorial 
Association, the names of the 61st killed July 12th, 1864, are reported 
as follows:— Lieut. Wm. LaughHn, Co. B., Andrew Ashbaugh, Co. H., 
Phihp Bowen and John Ellis, Co. A, Edward Garvin, Co. I, and H. Mc- 
Intire, whose company has not been ascertained. Alexander Moore of 
Co. A was mortally wounded and died soon after the battle. First Ser- 
geant Wm. L. Buchanan, Co. A, then in command of that company, was 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 109 

wounded, losing an arm. Daniel H. Bee of the same company was, 
wounded, losing a leg. Wm. H. vStanley, J. Harvey Work, and S. W. 
McCoy, of the same company were wounded. Walter Sobbee, Co. G, 
and Henry W. Wise, Co. I, were also among the wounded. A complete 
list of the wounded, however, cannot be made from available data. 

After the death of Lieut. Laughlin, of Co. B, who was acting as 
Adjutant, Lieut. John Caldwell of Co. F assumed the duties of Adjutant 
and displayed a coolness and efficiency rarely equaled on the battle field. 
Lieut. Caldwell relates this incident. While the fight was going on and 
the lines were close , separated only at some points by a cedar hedge fence, 
he noticed a soldier lying with his gun cocked pointing through the hedge 
fence at the enemy. The Lieutenant said he was glad to see him doing 
his duty. Getting no response he tapped his foot, to get his attention, 
and then discovered that the man was dead, having been shot through 
the head by a rebel. That dead soldier pointing at the enemy with cocked 
gun was John Ellis, of Co. A, a man noted for bravery and fidelity. 




CHAPTER X. 

SHENANDOAH VALLEY. 

"'Cypher' 

Executive Mansion. 
Washington, Sept. 20, 1864. 
"Major General Sheridan, 
Winchester, Va. 
"Have just heard of your great victory. God 
bless you all, officers and men. Strongly inclined 
to come up and see you." 

A. Lincoln. 

"Far down the road from among the crowd of 
fugitives, where no man on that field cared to look, 
came a murmur like the breaking of the surf on a far- 
off shore. Nearer it drew, grew louder, and swelled 
to a tumult. Cheers, the cheers of the stragglers. 
As the men instinctively turned toward the sound, 
they were seized with amazement to see the tide of 
stragglers setting strongly toward the south. Then 
out from among them, into the field by the road- 
side, cantered a little man on a black horse, and 
from the ranks of his own cavalry arose a cry of 
'Sheridan.' Through all the ranks the message 
flashed, and, as if it had been charged by the electric 
spark, set every man on his feet and made his heart 
once more beat high within him." 

Col. Richard B. Irwin, 
In History of the 19th Army Corps. 
Published by Putnam's Sons, 
New York and London. 

The 6th corps commander. Gen. H. G. Wright, was put in control 
of all troops in the field pursuing Early's retreating rebels. On July 
16th, the 61st, with the corps, waded the Potomac at White's Ford, the 
water in some places being three feet deep, requiring all equipment to 
be held up out of water. The next day the regiment passed Leesburg, 
proceeding later to Snickers Gap, where some resistance was made by 
part of the rebel army, but was soon brushed away. On July 20th the 
6th corps returned through Snickers Gap, making a forced night march 
toward Washington, continuing on the 21st until the troops, from heat 



PENNSYLVAN I A VO LUN TEERS 111 

and fatigue, were prostrated to the extent of half the command, straggling 
being the rule instead of the exception. The next day, the 23d, the 
corps, passing Drainsville, crossed the Potomac at Chain Bridge, and 
camped for the night at Fort Gaines near Washington, where the corps 
remained two days, awaiting transportation back to Petersburg. 

But on the 26th owing to another rebel raid into Pennsylvania and 
Maryland, the 6th corps started from Tenallytown, crossed the Monocacy 
River at the junction, passing through Frederick, Maryland, crossing the 
Potomac at Harper's Ferry and going into position at Halltown on the 
29th with Gen. Crook's forces, then arriving from Sharpsburg. This 
march, which lasted four days, covered a hundred miles of dusty roads in 
the hottest season for that section of country. The very next day, at 
noon, the 6th corps, with Crook's troops, faced about, recrossed the 
Potomac at Harper's Ferry and marched to Frederick and then to Emmetts- 
burg, holding the passes of the South Mountain against a supposed in- 
vasion by the rebel troops that burned Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, on 
July 30th. A defensive position was taken on the Monocacy, where the 
army remained until August 6th, when it moved once more over the Poto- 
mac at Harper's Ferry, taking position again at Halltown. Some of the 
troops, including the 61st, were transported from Monocacy Junction to 
Harper's Ferry by rail. 

These marches and counter-marches caused more real hardships than 
the 61st had ever before endured. Sunstroke was frequent and heat 
prostrations were occurring constantly; besides, there was a discouraging 
element in the fact that the power controlling the troops seemed unsteady, 
if not irrational, and the various marches were ordered apparently without 
any consideration for the trials involved, as if the men were so many 
automatic machines without sensations of any kind; but a new era dawned 
on the morning of August 7th, when Major General Philip Henry Sheridan 
published an order assuming command of all the troops in that region. 
As the fame of this celebrated fighter and his heroic soldiers was to fill 
the nation, a word about Gen. Sheridan is needed in this place. At that 
time he was of slight build, under the average height, 5 feet, 5 inches, 
weighing about one hundred and fifteen pounds, with brown hair and 
whiskers. He possessed a nervous, sanguine temperament, and when 
riding over battlefields had a habit in times of excitement of extending his 
legs to a position nearly at right angles with his body; this was an exhibi- 
tion of physical energy properly belonging to a person of great mental 
activity. 

In 1864 and until the close of the war he rode a jet-black horse called 
Rienzi, which was presented to him by Captain A. P. Campbell of the 2d 
Michigan Cavalry in 1862. This horse had three white feet, was sixteen 
hands high, strongly built, with great powers of endurance. The animal 
gained lasting renown by carrying Sheridan from Winchester to the Cedar 
Creek battle "twenty miles away," as described in the poem of T. Bug- 



112 SI XTY-FIRST REGI MENT 

hanan Read entitled "Sheridan's Ride." a ride with only one rival in 
American history, that of Paul Revere. 

Although Sheridan decided quickly and acted instantly, his head 
was always clear and his plans bore no trace of undue haste. He had 
military capacity of the very highest order and was equally at home in 
handling infantry, cavalry and artillery. Like Napoleon he made plans 
and moved troops with amazing rapidity and the results always showed 
that his conclusions were sound. He had the power possessed only by 
great generals, of inspiring those under him with limitless confidence in 
his ability, thus securing devotion of men and hearty cooperation on 
the part of officers. 

The Shenandoah Valley, starting in the heart of Virginia and extend- 
ing nearly to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, walled on either side by high 
mountains, with fine roads, fertile fields and numerous streams of pure 
water, was an inviting highway for military movements from south to 
north and from north to south. The Shenandoah River running through 
this valley joins the Potomac at Harper's Ferry where the great east and 
west Baltimore & Ohio Railroad crosses the latter stream. 

The Shenandoah Valley was the scene of active military operations 
from the early part of 1861 until March, 1865. Up to the autumn of 1864 
the battles were numerous and bloody, the losses severe, but the results 
always indecisive except that each campaign shattered the reputation of 
at least one Union general. For a dozen of them it was the "Valley of 
Humiliation." In July, 1861, the venerable Gen. Patterson, with half a 
century of martial renown, lost his reputation by allowing the rebel army 
to get away from his front near Winchester and help to defeat the Union 
army at Bull Run. Later Gen. Fremont, the "Pathfinder," candidate 
for President in 1856, aided in making a great reputation for Stonewall 
Jackson by retreating from before him in confusion at Cross Keys. Gen. 
Shields was defeated at Port Republic, Banks at Front Royal, Milroy at 
Chester Gap; Sigel, with his German reputation gained in the Rebellion 
of 1848, fell back before the enemy from Newmarket, while Hunter, baffled 
and chagrined near Lynchburg, marched hundreds of miles through the 
Kanawha Valley away from the enemy, leaving his department wholly 
unprotected from invasion. 

Sheridan now for the first time has an independent command, which 
he is to exercise in a battle-scarred region in which no Union general ever 
gained any lasting renown. His army, though made up of detachments 
and fragments, is thoroughly representative of the best type of American 
soldier, both as to quality and as to the localities from whence they came. 
From the Army of the Potomac, Sheridan has the 6th corps, whose badge, 
the Greek Cross, has been conspicuous on every battle-field of that army. 
He gets two divisions of the 19th corps fresh from Louisiana, with a 
brilliant record of achievements in opening the Mississippi River and 
cutting off Arkansas and Texas from the Confederacy. The Army of 



PENNS YLVANI A VO LUN TEE RS 113 

West Virginia, sometimes called the 8th corps, has joined him in fighting 
its way to the immediate vicinity of Lynchburg in rear of Lee's left flank 
and returning by way of the Kanawha Valley and the Ohio River. The 
Army of the Potomac also furnishes two divisions of cavalry and the Army 
of West Virginia also brings its two divisions of horsemen. In the cavalry 
corps is three regiments of regulars, and Sheridan has ten batteries of 
United States regular artillery. 

Aside from the regulars credited to no particular place, seventeen 
states are represented in this consolidated army and share in the glory 
it achieved. Regiments or batteries were furnished by each of the six 
New England states, and by New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin 
and Iowa. The troops were well officered. Gen. Wright commanded the 
6th corps. Gen. Emory the 19th, Gen. Crook the Army of West Virginia, 
and Gen. Torbert the cavalry. Many subordinate officers in this army 
are now historic personages of large proportions. Col. Rutherford B. 
Hayes, commander of a brigade under Crook, consisting of two Ohio and 
two West Virginia regiments, reached the presidential office in twelve 
years. Major William McKinley, an aide on Gen. Crook's staff, was 
made president in thirty-two years. Col. J. Warren Keifer, command- 
ing a brigade in the 3d division, 6th corps, became speaker of the United 
States House of Representatives in seventeen years. Sheridan himself 
became commander-in-chief of the whole army in nineteen years, while 
Custer, Merritt, Wilson and others reached high ranks and enduring 
fame as military leaders. 

The rebel army opposed to Sheridan commanded by Gen. Jubal A. 
Early, included a body of fine soldiers; half of the infantry, all of the 
artillery, and all of the cavalry but one regiment, were from Virginia, 
many coming from the Shenandoah Valley. One regiment of cavalry 
was from Maryland, and the other half of the infantry came from North 
and South Carolina, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. As 
subordinates Early had some good officers such as Generals Gordon, 
Ramsuer, Fitzhugh Lee, Lomax, Kershaw, Pegram and others. 

Sheridan had the greater number of men, but the diflference was 
very little and the advantage was always with the rebels in position and 
in intimate familiarity with the country. The rebels also had the ad- 
vantage of Sheridan in the fact that they knew all his movements through 
friendly inhabitants and reliable secret channels of information called 
the "Grape-Vine Route." 

On August 10th Sheridan's army of 26,000 moved, the 6th corps 
going through Charlestown and Summit Point to Clifton, occupying the 
right of the army. On August 11th the 6th corps moved to the Perryville 
and Winchester Pike, and later took position on the road between Win- 
chester and Front Royal, proceeding the next day to Cedar Creek, remain- 
ing there until the 13th. On August 14th, the 6th corps crossed Cedar 



114 SIXTY-FIRS T REG I MEN T 

Creek and occupied the heights near Strasburg. On the 15th the 6th 
corps started back through Winchester, and by the 18th, after consider- 
able maneuvering, it camped at Flowing Spring, 2 1-2 miles west of Charles- 
town, on the Smithfield Pike, remaining there until August 21st. This 
place is sometimes called Welch's Spring, from the name of a resident 
near the position of the 6th corps. Company A of the 61st enlisted 
August 21st, 1861, for three years, and its time was therefore out on 
August 21st, 1864, for the original men who did not reenlist. On the 
day last mentioned, the rebels, becoming uneasy as to Sheridan's inten- 
tions, moved against him with a strong force, driving in the Union cavalry 
pickets on the Opequon and following them so rapidly that the infantry 
was reached and assailed without notice. The part taken in that battle 
by the 61st is told in J. M. Walker's Diary, written at the time, as fol- 
lows : — 

"Our last day. We were surprised this morning by the rebels coming 
down on our pickets on the Pike and driving them back. The 61st chosen 
from our brigade to go to their support. Regiments followed one after 
another till three regiments from our brigade were on the line, and the 
61st engaged with the enemy. Are losing good many m^en. Lieut. 
Price wounded again, we fear mortally. The regiment still remains 
on the line at noon, and ammunition is being taken to it. We had lost 
four officers at noon. The regiment is being relieved at dark. Skirmish- 
ing has been brisk all day. Two men of Company A wounded, but not 
forced to leave the field. Loss of regiment, 4 killed, 18 wounded, 1 miss- 
ing. Lieut. Price, at hospital in Baltimore, died of the wounds received." 

Capt. Lewis Redenbach of Company B, then in command of the 
regiment was mortally wounded, he and Lieut. Isaac N. Price both dying 
from their wounds in the hospital at Baltimore. When Capt. Redenbach 
was wounded, Capt. W. J. Glenn of Company E took command of the 
regiment, but received a severe wound within half an hour, when the 
command was assumed by Capt. Chas. S. Greene of Company I. Lieut. 
John Caldwell of Company B was also wounded, the report of casualties 
being, 2 officers killed and 2 wounded, 6 men killed and 15 wounded; 
total, 25. The total loss in the engagement, mainly in the 2d division 
6th corps, "whose conduct," Gen. Wright says, "on this occasion cannot 
be too highly praised," was 260 killed and wounded. At midnight follow- 
ing the battle, Sheridan again moved back to Halltown, where the 6th 
corps formed on the right of the army. The retrograde movements of 
Sheridan were approved by Gen. Grant, as it was understood Early had 
been largely reinforced, rendering it prudent to act temporarily on the 
defensive. 

Gen. Sheridan therefore ended his first series of movements without 
any general battle, and people at the north, ignorant of the real siua- 
tion, began to add his name to the melancholy list of Valley incompetents. 



PENN SYLVANI A VOLUNTEERS 115 

Reporting the military operations in that region, Mr. Pond, in his 
book already referred to, says: — 

"What a story of marchings and countermarchings the soil of the 
lower valley might tell. What a history is that of its villages from 1861 
to 1865 — now in Secession and anon in Union keeping; sometimes shelter- 
ing 'Yanks' at dawn, swarming with 'Rebs' at noon, and again sleeping 
under the stars and stripes at night, 'We have walked the pike-road so 
often,' writes an Alabama officer, 'that we know not only every house, 
fence, spring and shade tree, but very many of the citizens, their wives 
and children.' The Valley turnpike had come to be known as the race- 
course of armies." 

After various movements and some hard fighting by portions of the 
cavalry, the army again, on September 3d, moved forward to its Clifton- 
Berryville position, where an epoch was reached in the history of the 
61st regiment. The three years for which the regiment enlisted having 
expired, on September 3d, the officers and men then present were ordered 
to the rear to receive their discharges. Exactly how many men were 
aflfected by this order does not appear from available data. James M. 
Walker of Company A, in his diary of vSeptember 3d, 1864, says he filled 
out as clerk thirty discharges for his company, which included those in 
hospitals, camps, fields and rebel prisons. He says: — "About 15 men of 
Company A and about 70 from the regiment, supplied with ammunition 
if need be to fight our way back to Harper's Ferry, bid adieu to our old 
and new comradesjiear Berryville, Virginia. Fortunately we had no need 
of our one hundred rounds of ammunition. Soon after dark we fell in 
with a squadron of cavalry in charge of supply wagons on a road converg- 
ing toward ours. At first, fearing they were of Mosby's gang, we had 
thrown out skirmishers and, while we moved very quietly, had excited 
their suspicions, and pickets were thrown out by them. Both soon 
breathed freer when the true situation was ascertained. They took the 
advance and we the rear of the trains, until we reached Halltown on the 
heights approaching Harper's Ferry, when we turned into some old houses 
and slept a while. From Harper's Ferry September 4th by rail to Balti- 
more ; thence on the 6th to Harrisburg. On the 7th we were mustered out 
at Camp Curtain, and each squad, as soon as paid off, started for home, 
sweet home." 

The regiment was now reduced to a battalion of five companies, A 
to E inclusive, and placed under command of Capt. Chas. S. Greene of 
Company C, then senior officer, Capt. Robt. I,. Orr being on Gen. Getty's 
staff at division headquarters. How many veterans and recruits were 
left does not appear by any satisfactory data, but Bates, in his history, 
says the battalion at the Battle of Opequon, sixteen days later, numbered 
125. 

The 61st remained in camp near Berryville until Sept. 13th, when 
the 2d division 6th corps made a reconnaissance with Merritt's cavalry 



116 SIXTY-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 

to Gilbert's Ford on the Opequon, where a skirmish resulted in a loss of 
12 men wounded, none of them in the 61st so far as the report shows. 

On September 17th, 1864, Gen. Grant visited Sheridan at Charles- 
town for a personal conference, with a definite plan of campaign in his 
pocket, but he found it unnecessary to make any suggestion, simply tell- 
ing the younger commander to "go in." 

At one o'clock A. M., September 19th, 1864, Sheridan's whole army 
was in motion for his first battle as an independent commander. The 
day was fine, the plan was good, the troops were confident of success. 
Every lover of military movements should read the account of this stirring 
battle in full as given by Pond in his "Shenandoah Valley," by Irwin in 
his "History of the 19th Corps," by Sheridan himself in his "Memoirs" 
and by others. Wilson's cavalry before daylight moved across the Opequon 
at the Berryville Canon, capturing the rebel pickets and then galloping 
up the canon about two miles to the head of the gorge. They seized the 
fortified position at that point and began deploying right and left so as 
to hold the place until the 6th and 19th corps came up as fast as legs 
could carry them. While advance regiments of cavalry were getting into 
position in the gray of dawn, an amazing incident took place. Gen. Mc- 
intosh, commanding the brigade in front, sat on his horse near the road, 
his aide. Major A. C. Houghton, beside him, when, gazing to the front 
in a small valley, they were startled to see a strong infantry force only 
300 yards away, about five times their own number, rapidly advancing 
to recapture the position. At that moment, the second Ohio cavalry 
mounted, stood in the road waiting to take its place in the line. Mc- 
intosh was an experienced soldier, and he realized that the position which 
was really the key to the whole battlefield would be lost in three minutes 
unless something desperate was done. The general therefore, through 
Houghton, ordered the 2d Ohio cavalry to charge the advancing infantry. 
The regiment then numbered about 500 men and was to charge a body 
of infantry numbering not far from 3,000. The 2d Ohio drew sabers and 
moved instantly, first at a trot and then at a gallop, dashing into the rebel 
infantry with a wild Indian yell the regiment had learned on the western 
plains. Many saddles were emptied, but the troopers kept on cutting 
right and left with their swords until the infantry formations were broken 
up so that it required ten minutes to reform. In the meantime a battery 
of artillery got into position and, aided by the cavalry already in line, held 
back the rebel infantry, until the 0th and 19th corps arrived and relieved 
the cavalry, which then moved to theUnion left, where it operated for the 
balance of the day. 

At the gorge Sheridan placed Getty's 2d division 6th corps on the 
left next to the cavalry facing Winchester, then came Rickett's 3d division 
of the same corps, and behind these two divisions stood Russell's 1st 
division in reserve. The 19th corps was to the right of Rickett's, Grover's 
division in the front line and Dwight's a little to the right and rear, Tho- 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 117 

burn's and Duval's divisions of the 8th corps being on the right of the 19th 
corps. To the right and rear -of all the infantry at Stephenson's Depot 
was Torbert with two divisions of cavalry. 

This latter force of horsemen attacked early in the morning, Merritt's 
division on the left and Averell's on the right of the Martinsburg Pike, 
the enemy, cavalry and infantry, retreating rapidly toward Winchester. 
About 11 o'clock Sheridan, hearing favorable reports from Torbert, pushed 
forward the entire infantry force, and the battle became general all along 
the line, artillery and musketry keeping up an unceasing roar. The Union 
lines steadily advanced for nearly a mile, but in the movements over 
uneven ground a gap was formed between the 6th and 19th corps into 
which the rebels sent a strong column, forcing back the right of the 6th 
corps and the left of the 19th, and taking some prisoners. This was a 
critical moment, requiring quick decision and immediate action or the 
day was lost. Sheridan was on the ground and not away in the rear like 
many other generals. He saw what was needed and was ready to meet 
the emergency without a moment's delay. Gen. Russell's 1st division of 
the 6th corps was still in reserve, and Sheridan ordered it into this gap to 
meet the victorious rebels rushing forward with truimphant cheers. 
Russell, an educated and experienced soldier, was just the man for such 
a task, and his division of veterans knew how to move and how to fight, 
and they "splendidly improved a golden opportunity." The rebels were 
checked and driven back, and Russell's division stood in line with the 
other divisions of that corps, but Russell fell in the hour of his great 
triumph. While supervising the formation of his lines a bullet struck 
him in the left breast, inflicting a severe wound, of which, however, he 
never spoke, but kept on fearlessly pressing his men to the front until a 
fragment of a shell hit him, passing through his heart. 

Sheridan at this time stopped an hour to straighten his lines and get 
fresh supplies of ammunition. He had now no reserves, all his forces 
being in one line. Every soldier, infantry, artillery and cavalry, was in 
the front line, which extended from Abraham's Creek on the left to Well- 
town Road on the right. About 3 P. M. the struggle was renewed by the 
infantry, and the enemy forced back by 5 o'clock into their fortifications 
in the suburbs of Winchester, from which they were soon driven at all 
points and fled through the town as darkness ended the bloody conflict. 

Sheridan inflicted a loss on the enemy of 4,000 men, of whom 2,000 
were prisoners, and he captured five guns. His own loss was very heavy, 
amounting to 5,035, of whom 658 were killed, 3,759 wounded and 618 
missing. Russell, a brevet major-general, was among the killed, and 
Mcintosh, the hero of the early morning lost a leg. Early's killed included 
Generals Rodes and Godwin, and his wounded Generals Fitz Lee, York 
and Col. Patton. 

In the battle, the troops, though operating together for the first 
time, all did well. The 19th corps from the southwest was not surpassed 



118 SIXTY-FIRST RE G I MEN T 

by the 6th corps from the Army of the Potomac, and the 8th corps, after 
its rough experience at Lynchburg, maintained its high reputation for 
gallantry, while the cavalry left nothing to be desired in point of heroic 
service. This army in a single day gained confidence in itself and in all 
its parts, as well as unbounded faith in its new commander-in-chief. 

In this battle the 61st went in with 3 officers and 125 men, losing 3 
killed and 15 wounded, including among the latter Capt. Chas. S. Greene, 
commanding the regiment, who lost his right eye and had his jaw fractured, 
the command then devolving on Capt. David J. Taylor. 

The next day after the battle of the Opequon, at daylight, the enemy 
was followed up the valley to Fisher's Hill, a precipitous bluff two miles 
south of Strasburg, where Early stood at bay in a strongly fortified posi- 
tion. Sheridan moved up close all along the line and began a lively 
skirmish, especially along Tumbling Run, where a hot little fight occurred 
for the possession of a high point overlooking the enemy's line, which was 
gained on September 21st. Sheridan now determined to flank the enemy 
on the right, his works being too strong to attack in the front. In order 
to deceive the rebels, he fortified and put artillery in position as if for a 
regular siege. Meantime, with the utmost secrecy, the infantry was shifted 
to the right, the 8th corps being used as the turning column to get clear 
around in rear of the rebels. This work was done by Gen. Crook and 
his veterans in a most admirable manner, marching all day on the 22d 
through valleys and along hillsides. Finally, just before sundown, having 
gained the rebel rear and approached near his lines, under cover of woods, 
Crook's two divisions, under Thoburn and Duval, rushed across the 
intervening space and captured the entire line before the rebels could 
recover from their surprise. In a few minutes the 6th and 19th corps 
descended into the ravine and scrambled up on the other side, joining 
Crook and sweeping the whole rebel army off the field in utter confusion. 
Sixteen guns were captured and 1,300 prisoners, with a Union loss of 
only 400. 

In this battle Sergeant, afterwards Captain, Sylvester D. Rhodes, 
Company D, for distinguished gallantry was awarded a medal of honor. 
He was then in command of the company, and lead it with such bravery 
that his conduct attracted the attention of the brigade commander, who 
recommended that the honor be conferred. 

The next day after the battle of Fisher's Hill, Sheridan followed the 
retreating enemy and kept up from day to day until he reached Harrison- 
burg, whence cavalry detachments were sent to other points. At Harrison- 
burg and about Port Republic, Mount Crawford and Bridgewater, Sheri- 
dan remained until October 6th, 1864. At that time the Union army 
started back down the valley, the infantry going ahead and the cavalry 
following stretching from the Blue Ridge to the North Mountain. In 
obedience to orders from Gen. Grant, the cavalry now proceeded to make 
that valley untenable for an army so far as supplies were concerned; the 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 119 

mills, barns and crops being all given to the flames, producing huge clouds 
of smoke, filling the valley from one mountain wall to the other. 

Early, having been reinforced by Kershaw's infantry and Rosser's 
cavalry, followed Sheridan, increasing in boldness each day until on the 
8th of October the attacks on the Union rear guard by the rebel cavalry 
became unbearable. On the evening of that day Sheridan told Torbert 
he must give Rosser a "drubbing" next morning or get whipped himself, 
and that he Sheridan, would ride to Round Top Mountain to see the fight, 
That night Torbert concentrated his troops for the spectacular battle 
at Tom's Brook. Merritt and Custer commanded the two Union divisions, 
while Rosser commanded the rebels, consisting of the divisions of Lomax, 
Wickhami and Pollard. The forces were nearly evenly matched as to 
numbers, and the infantry on both sides, with the army commanders, were 
to be spectators. Torbert and his troops were in their saddles at dawn on 
October 9th, Custer on the right and Merritt on the left. The country 
wa§ open and both sides fought on horseback, chiefly with the sabre. The 
rebels were not unwilling for the contest, and they fought heroically, neither 
side gaining much for two hours. The cavalry batteries on both sides were 
very active and did not hesitate to plant their guns on the very front 
lines. Many charges and counter-charges were made, the enemy yield- 
ing first on the flanks, but holding on in the center. Custer and Merritt 
then went at them in a charge all along the line, when the rebel formations 
broke and the retreat soon became a total and demoralizing rout. Merritt 
followed Lomax 2(3 miles to Mount Jackson, while Custer chased Rosser 
to Columbia Furnace. Merritt captured five cavalry guns and Custer 
six, as fair a division as could be made where the total number was uneven. 
About 300 prisoners were captured. Gen. Sheridan called the engage- 
ment the Battle of Tom's Brook, but the citizens of that region, being 
disgusted with their cavalry because of its inglorious retreat, baptized 
the action as the "Woodstock races." It is said some of the captured 
artillery was new, fresh from the famous Tredegar Works, and that the 
loss of these guns gave point to the jest that cannon sent from Richmond 
to the valley were marked, "P. H. Sheridan, care of General Early." 

After this fight, Sheridan, without any further molestation from his 
enemy, moved his army back to Cedar Creek into the position substantially 
which it occupied at the time of the battle, October 19th, 1864. 

On October 14th, 1864, Gen. Sheridan's army was on the left bank 
of Cedar Creek just above its junction with the Shenandoah River. Tho- 
burn's division of the 8th corps was on the extreme left, then came the 
other division of that corps under Gen. R. B. Hayes and a provisional 
division under Gen. Kitchings. Each of these divisions occupied a sepa- 
rate position, having elevations well adapted for front defense. To 
the right of these troops was Grover's division of the 19th corps, and on 
its right was Dwight's division of the same corps. This infantry line was 
not straight, but to some extent was made to conform to the windings 



120 SI XTY-FIRS T REGIMENT 

of Cedar Creek, and the various hills and plains affording good positions. 
As it has been said, the infantry was in echelon, the 8th near the junction 
of the creek and the river, the 19th at the right and rear of the 8th, and 
the 6th at the right and rear of the 19th. The 8th and the 19th corps 
were intrenched; the 6th, being practically in rear of the 19th, was not 
fortified. Merritt's and Custer's divisions of cavalry were on the right 
of the 6th corps and Powell's division was on the left of the 8th corps. 
The artillery, about 60 guns, was at various points along the line. 

These several positions are distinctly indicated, so that the reader 
may understand the marvellous conflict here to occur within a week, 
where the rebels win a brilliant victory by a night march, and a daring 
morning assault, capturing 24 guns, many prisoners and camp equipage, 
but sustaining a crushing defeat in the afternoon, losing their captured 
property and a large part of their own artillery. 

While the army occupied the positions indicated in this statement, 
Sheridan was requested by the Secretary of War to go to Washington for 
consultation, and, leaving Gen. Wright in command, he started on October 
16th, arriving in Washington next morning at eight o'clock. Before the 
consultation took place, Sheridan arranged for a special train to leave 
Washington at 12 o'clock noon over the Baltimore & Ohio Road for 
Martinsburg. Finishing his business at the War Department, Sheridan 
started back at noon and reached Martinsburg that evening, 28 miles from 
Winchester. The next morning, October 18th, Sheridan, accompanied 
by staff officers and an escort of 300 cavalry, proceeded on horseback to 
Winchester, arriving about 4 P. M. He retired about 10 o'clock, after 
aacertaining that all was quiet along the lines held by the troops. 

Leaving Sheridan asleep in Winchester, let us see what an experience 
is preparing for his army, still occupying the positions described. Early, 
with his forces recuperated and strengthened by 5,000 recruits, was at 
Fisher's Hill, and upon him Gen. Lee had put the responsible task of pre- 
venting Sheridan from sending any of his troops to reinforce Grant at 
Petersburg. In order to do this Early made bold attacks on the flanks 
of Sheridan's army and exercised his ingenuity by getting up a bogus 
despatch purporting to be from one of the leading Confederate generals, 
running as follows: — 

To Lieutenant General Early, 

"Be ready to move as soon as my forces join 
you and we will crush Sheridan." 

Longstreet, 
Lieutenant-General. 

This message was caught by Union signal officers as it was flagged 
from a rebel signal station, and reported to Sheridan, who was then start- 
ing for Washington. The subterfuge was suspected, though Sheridan 
determined to be on the safe side and therefore ordered the cavalry to be 
more concentrated, and he was confirmed in his resolution to keep all the 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEE RS 121 

troops he had. Meanwhile Early and his dauntless lieutenants were 
planning more serious trouble for vSheridan's army. Gen. John B. Gordon, 
one of the most fearless and accomplished of rebel officers, accompanied 
by Capt. Hotchkiss, of Early's staff, went to the rebel signal station on 
Three Top Mountain, where all the Union forces could be plainly seen, 
as well as the rivers, hills, woods, roads and fords between the two armies. 
The exact position of all Sheridan's forces was carefully noted, and later 
in the day a plan was matured for a night march around the Union left 
and an attack at dawn by all of Early's forces. Gordon was detailed for 
this enterprise with his own division and those of Ramseur and Pegram, 
Payne's brigade of cavalry to go along for the express purpose of capturing 
Gen. Sheridan at his headquarters in the Belle Grove House. Early was 
to attack in person with the divisions of Kershaw and Wharton and all 
the artillery, as Gordon, going by cow paths, could take none of it with 
him. Rosser's cavalry was to attack Custer on the right, while Lomax 
was to get into the fight on the left. 

Just at dark, Gordon, with his three divisions, started on their peri- 
lous mission. After crossing the Shenandoah River, they halted at the 
foot of Three Top Mountain until one o'clock in the morning; then, in 
perfect silence, they proceeded, crossing the river again at Mclntorf's 
Ford, below the mouth of Cedar Creek, and by four o'clock the whole 
force was on the high ground east of the 8th corps on its left flank and rear. 
Early sent Kershaw across Cedar Creek at Roberts' Ford in front of 
Thoburn's division, Wharton crossing with the artillery at the bridge. 
Thus all of the rebel infantry and artillery were ready to attack at day- 
light. A few scattering pickets of the 8th corps were killed or captured 
and the rebel plans for a surprise were all successful. 

Kershaw's division opened the battle by firing one volley into Tho- 
burn's camp and then rushing upon it before the infantry could get their 
arms or the artillery could run to their guns. As Thoburn's men, startled 
by the roar, came out of their tents, they saw in the dim light the ranks 
of Kershaw's infantry swarming over the parapets and taking possession 
of all the artillery. The gallant Thoburn was killed, a few of his brave 
men surrendered, but most of them ran to the rear, many half clad and a 
large number without their arms. This finished one division of the 8th 
corps in less time than it takes to tell the story. Then, before any organized 
resistance could be made to the rush of Kershaw's men, another surprise 
was furnished. Still farther to the left and rear, Gordon with his three 
divisions, suddenly and unheralded, opened a terrific fire on the other 
small division of the 8th corps under Hayes and the little provisional 
division of Kitching. These troops, in the darkness just then augmented 
by an early morning fog, were trying in blind bewilderment to form a 
line facing toward Kershaw's attack, failing entirely to notice the advance 
of Gordon from the other direction into their very midst. Unformed as 
they were, and uncertain as to what had happened, these troops could 



122 SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

offer no effective resistance, and were soon forced to retire toward their 
right and rear, which took them pellmell into the 19th corps in a disor- 
ganized condition, having lost all their artillery. 

Early outnumbered the 8th corps four to one, and he is now to hurl 
his victorious masses against the 19th corps which he outnumbers at least 
two to one. Preparatory to his attack on the 19th corps, the rebel com- 
mander united the forces of Gordon and Kershaw and brought up Wharton's 
division with 40 pieces of artillery. All these forces, flushed with victory 
now assailed the 19th corps on its rear and left flank. The troops made 
heroic but necessarily disjointed resistance, and in a little while the whole 
line was forced back with a loss of 11 guns and 700 prisoners. In this part 
of the battle the 19th corps was not only outnumbered, but in the dim 
light of the morning it maneuvered and fought under many disadvantages, 
and its retirement was not a rout, each brigade going to the rear under 
orders, Gen. Emory, the corps commander, with his division commanders, 
Grover and McMillen, being on hand, doing their fufl duty. 

As the 19th corps was falling ack, and before the fog had fully Hfted, 
the 6th corps, in separate divisions, came onto the field and took part in 
the rough and tumble fight about the Belle Grove House and along the 
old Furnace Road and later in the cemetery. The 6th corps, not having 
been surprised, was in its usual condition, minus the stimulation of coffee, 
which the soldiers had not time to prepare, and they had to be content 
with nibbling hardtack while not actually loading and firing. Gen. 
Wright, in command of the army, turned over the 6th corps to Ricketts, 
who was wounded at seven o'clock, and the command of the corps then 
devolved upon Getty, whose division, the second, was commanded by 
Gen. L. A. Grant. Col. J. Warren Keifer, commanded the 3d division 
and Gen. Wheaton the 1st. 

In the stress of hard fighting, the 6th corps was unable to keep to- 
gether, and each division had a separate battle of its own. At one time 
Keifer's 3d division was completely isolated, no other troops being within 
half a mile of it, and the separate brigades changed front repeatedly and 
faced in different directions to repel rebel attacks. The other divisions 
had the same experience and at the end of the scuffle, when the rebels 
were brought to bay and the final position was taken. Grant, with his 2d 
division, found himself on the left of the army next to the Valley Pike, with 
Merritt's cavalry on his left; Keifer with the 3d division being out of sight 
toward the southwest and Wheaton with the 1st division somewhere 
between. The battle lasted for five hours from the time the 8th corps 
was attacked on the left. When Early assailed the 19th corps with his 
whole force, his army faced westerly, but in the end it faced the north with 
its back to Cedar Creek. 

In the fighting in the cemetery, about the Belle Grove House, along 
the Furnace Road, and at other points, the rebels were brought to bay 
without the assistance of any cavalry except Merritt's division, which 



PENNSYLVANI A V LUN TEERS 123 

gallantly aided on the left to drive the rebels out from among our trains. 
Gen. Wright, now considering the entire situation, decided to move back 
to a position about three-fourths of a mile north of Middletown, being two 
miles back for some of the troops and less for others. At ten o'clock this 
movement was nearly completed. Getty's division of the 6th corps, as 
before stated, was on the left of the new line at the point indicated, and 
the other two divisions were moving to his right and the 19th corps was 
forming on the right of the 6th, and the 8th, under Crook's vigorous 
direction, was rallying in small detachments at several points, one part 
of it with Gen. Hayes was on the right of Getty's division. It was ordered 
that the troops, when formed, be resupplied with ammunition, and Wright 
ordered nearly all of the cavalry to concentrate on the left and told Keifer 
and other officers that the army would take the offensive at twelve o' 
clock. 

Gen. Wright was wounded, though he did not leave the field. Many 
stragglers had gone to the rear with slightly wounded soldiers and, uniting 
with the usual mob of camp followers, thousands in all, fled toward Win- 
chester along with the scurrying wagon trains, spreading exaggerated 
reports of the disaster. The Union army had moved back three miles 
and had lost up to that hour 24 guns and about 1500 prisoners, besides 
the killed and wounded, with many wagons and other property, includ- 
ing Sheridan's headquarters. But the battle was not ended, the rebels 
had been roughly handled and their aggressive fighting was now confined 
to a little artillery firing and some skirmishing. The Union infantry was 
in fair condition, and the cavalry, numbering 5,000 men, had scarcely 
been used at all. 

Returning to Sheridan at Winchester, we find about six o'clock that 
morning, October 19th, the officer on picket informed Sheridan that 
cannonading was heard toward the front. Sheridan asked whether it 
was continuous, and on being told it was not he did not rise. In a short 
time, however, being unable to sleep, he got up, dressed, ordered breakfast 
and directed that his horse be ready to start in half an hour. After 
breakfast, at half-past eight o'clock, mounted on Rienzi, he started to 
the front, accompanied by three staff" officers, Col. Jas. W. Forsyth, 
Major Geo. A. Forsyth and Capt. Jos. O'Keefe, two engineer officers who 
had come with him from Washington, Colonels Alexander and Thom, and 
a cavalry escort. 

Sheridan says as he passed through the streets of Winchester on his 
way, many women appeared at their windows and doors, shaking their 
skirts at him and otherwise boldly exhibiting the utmost contempt and 
insolence. From this it was plain that the news of the Union disaster 
had already spread through the town by the "grape-vine telegraph," as 
the Confederate spy system was then called. For half a mile after start- 
ing, Sheridan kept his head down toward the pommel of his saddle, listen- 
ing to the sound from the front and trying to interpret it. He concluded 



124 SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT 

that it was coming toward him, its increase in volume not being accounted 
for by the rate of his approach. On reaching an elevated point about 
five miles from Winchester, the appalling spectacle of a panic burst upon 
Sheridan and his companions. Hundreds of slightly wounded men and 
throngs of others, unarmed and unhurt, but utterly demoralized, appeared 
in the road with baggage and supply wagons by the score, all pressing to 
the rear in hopeless disorder. 

Those to whom Sheridan spoke assured him the army was broken 
up and fled, leaving tents and guns, including his headquarters, in the 
hands of the enemy. At this point Sheridan took Major Forsyth and Capt. 
O'Keefe, with twenty picked men from the escort, and started on a run 
for the front, leaving the others to stop the stragglers, spread the news 
of his arrival and urge the men to return to their commands. As Sheridan 
and those with him proceeded at a lively gallop over fences, through fields, 
up hill and down, they shouted to the dispersed troops to hurry back to 
the front. Sheridan, as he rushed along, kept saying: "We'll sleep in 
our old quarters to-night. You have gone back far enough. We must 
recover our camp. If I had been here this would not have happened. 
Come on to the front, boys. Hurry up, never mind your coffee. Tell 
all the boys to come to the front instantly. Never mind, boys, we'll 
whip them yet." and many other short, pithy sentences. As he neared 
the front he took his hat off, held it in his right hand, and with the two 
officers, rode ahead of the escort so the men could see him. The effect of 
this was little less than miraculous. He was received with demonstra- 
tions of joy and enthusiasm. The soldiers who had been surprised in 
the morning had gone without breakfast, and it was then ten o'clock. 
They left their coffee, shouldered their guns and started for the front, 
cheering Sheridan every time they saw him. In a few minutes an army 
of men was running to the front faster than they had gone to the rear 
five hours before, seeking their commands. Hundreds of staff officers, 
aides, and orderlies were dashing over the field telling of Sheridan's arrival, 
directing men where to concentrate, and assuring them of a victory now 
that their trusted chief was present. 

At Newtown Sheridan was obliged to make a circuit in order to get 
by the place which was jammed with trains trying to get back. While 
going around this town he met Major Wm. McKinley, afterwards Presi- 
dent of the United States, then on Gen. Crook's staff. The Major plunged 
into the motley crowd, spread the news of Sheridan's arrival, which was 
greeted with cheers and wild demonstrations of delight. Proceeding to the 
front, vSheridan found, as he says, the 2d division 6th corps in good order, 
facing the enemy. The 1st and 3d divisions of that corps were in equally 
good order and facing the enemy with the 19th corps and remnants of 
the 8th corps, but Sheridan could not see them from the point where he 
first saw the left of the 2d division 6th corps. He was hailed with every 
manifestation of enthusiasm. Riding through the lines to the front where 



PENNS YL VA N I A V LU N TEE R S 125 

the pickets were engaged, he surveyed the region occupied by the enemy. 

Dr. George T. Stevens, who was with Gen. Wright as surgeon during 
the battle, in his "Three Years in the vSixth Corps," pubHshed by D. 
Van Nostrand, gives the following stirring account of vSheridan's arrival 
at the 6th corps position on the Pike: — 

"It was now ten o'clock; far away in the rear was heard cheer after 
cheer. What was the cause? Were reinforcements coming? Yes, Phil. 
Sheridan was coming, and he was a host. He had ridden from Winchester 
at amazing speed, and now, as he passed the long trains of ambulances 
in which were the hundreds of bleeding victims of the morning's work, 
the wounded men whose shattered limbs or mangled bodies attested that 
they had not run away, raised themselves and cheered with with enthusi- 
asm the hero of the valley. On he rode, most of his staff left far in the 
rear, his famous war-horse covered with foam and dirt, cheered at every 
step by hundreds of men in whom new courage was now kindled. Dashing 
along the pike, he came upon the line of battle. 'What troops are these? 
shouted Sheridan. 'The Sixth Corps,' was the response from a hundred 
voices. 'We are all right,' said vSheridan, as he swung his old hat and 
dashed along the line toward the right. 'Never mind, boys, we'll whip 
them yet; we'll whip them yet. We shall sleep in our old quarters to- 
night,' were the encouraging words of the chief as he rode along, while 
the men threw their hats high in the air, leaped and danced and cheered 
in wildest joy." 

Sheridan established his headquarters in rear of the 6th corps, where 
he met Gen. Wright, who told him in brief what had happened, where 
the several parts of the army were and what plans had been formed for 
taking the offensive. Sheridan fully endorsed Wright's plans and told 
him to resume command of the 6th corps. At that time, two hours after 
Sheridan had arrived, the army was in line of battle as follows: The 6th 
corps now united on the left, Getty's, Keifer's and Wheaton's divisions 
in the order named, then Grover and McMillen of the 19th corps. Crook's 
troops of the 8th corps were in column in the second line. Merritt's 
cavalry was on the left and Custer's on the right. After this infantry 
line was formed which extended from the Valley Pike on the left to the 
Middle Marsh Brook on the right, a distance since ascertained of 7,400 
feet, one of the most dramatic incidents of the war occurred. Sheridan 
had been on the field since ten o'clock and the soldiers understood he had 
returned, but most of them had not seen him. The rebels were preparing 
to attack and the battle, so disastrous up to that time, was soon to be 
resumed. Major Forsyth, who had accompanied the commander from 
Winchester that morning and had observed the enthusiasm created among 
the men by his presence, now suggested that he ride along the line of 
battle before the enemy attacked. Sheridan, always ready for anything 
stirring, instantly adopted the suggestion, and he tells the incident in his 
Memoirs in one short sentence: — 



126 SIXTY-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 

"I started in behind the men, but when a few paces had been taken, 
I crossed to the front and, hat in hand, passed along the entire length of 
the infantry line." 

This line was a mile and a half long, the ground was uneven and many 
fences had to be crossed. It was indeed an inspiring sight to see the 
expert rider, as Sheridan was, flying along in front of the battle line, 
flags waving, officers saluting, and men yelling so loud that it made one 
continuous roar of greeting to the chief, and defiance to the enemy. Rienzi 
ran as if he had just come out of the stable after a week's rest. 

Sheridan wore the full uniform of a major-general, blue coat, two rows 
of brass buttons in groups of three, gold shoulder-straps with blue fields, 
enclosing two silver stars in each; his hat was held in his right hand, the 
bridle reins in his left; he rode alone, his staff joining him in the rear of 
the line as he returned. 

No troops greeted Sheridan on that ride more heartily than Crook's 
8th corps in the second line, notwithstanding their hard luck in the morn- 
ing. Most of the general officers who saluted vSheridan as he flew by were 
older men, but they were none the less devoted, and the deeds of such men 
with the other brave officers in that line, and the unconquerable soldiers, 
will shine in history as long as unselfish gallantry elicits human admira- 
tion. If we had an accurate picture of that line of battle as it stood there 
resolutely waiting for Early's attack, we should see toward the left Gen. 
Wright, wounded, but evidently unconscious of it, chief commander up 
to that time, who is now in charge of his 6th corps. To his right, but not 
far off, we would see Gen. Crook ready for any emergency with what 
there was left of his 8th corps. Further to the right, we find Gen. Emory 
in charge of the 19th corps. He has had two horses shot under him and 
sits calmly on the third. The division commanders are Getty, Keifer, 
Wheaton, Grover and McMillen, the latter superseded later by Dwight, 
and Hayes. The other general officers who had fallen were Thoburn, 
Bid well, Ricketts and Kitching. 

This ride along the battle line is represented by the animated gold 
picture of horse and rider on the outside cover of each volumne of Sheri- 
dan's Memoirs. It is also referred to in Read's poem in the lines: 

"And, striking his spurs with a terrible oath 
He dashed down the line mid a storm of huzzas." 

The effect of this dash along the front was electrifying. It thrilled 
every soldier and filled him with resistless valor. The attack of the 
enemy now came, but was easily repulsed, and in a few minutes the bugles 
sounded advance all along the Union line and the men moved forward in 
fine order. The rebels resisted valiantly, but were gradually forced back ; 
their left flank turned, the line of their retreat threatened, their center 
broken, and towards sundown the whole of Early's army was routed, flying 
toward the rear. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS 127 

After the fight was fairly on, vSheridan, finding the 8th corps impatient 
to do its part, gave it an opportunit}^ and tehs the story as follows: — 

"When I reached the Valley Pike, Crook had reorganized his men, 
and as I desired that they should take part in the fight, for they were the 
very same troops that had turned Early's flank at the Opequon and at 
Fisher's Hill, I ordered them to be pushed forward; and the alacrity and 
celerity with which they moved on Middletown demonstrated that their 
illfortune of the morning had not sprung from lack of valor." 

The number of men in Sheridan's battle line as he galloped along its 
front can easily be computed. As before stated, the length of the line was 
7,400 feet, and allowing, according to army tactics, two men for every 
eighteen inches as they stand facing the front, and assuming a solid line 
for the whole distance, the total number was 9866; add the fragment of 
the 8th corps in reserve, which Gen. Hayes says numbered at least 1,000, 
and the total of all infantry is 10,866, but this is excessive, because the 
line was not solid all the way. Many small gaps existed between the 
right, of one organization and the left of another; besides, the artillery 
occupied some space. No more than 10,000, infantry and artillery 
included, greeted the commander as he dashed along the line. The 
cavalry on the flanks, did not exceed 5,000, so that the whole force 
that advanced against and overthrew Early was no more than 15,000 
men. All others had been killed, wounded, captured, dispersed, or con- 
verted temporarily into that odious class called stragglers. 

A general description of this celebrated battle has been given because 
a fragmentary account relating only to the 61st or its brigade division or 
even corps would have no value; besides, men of the 61st and their de- 
scendants have a right to the entire story. 

Dr. Stevens was present, and his account of the part taken by Bid- 
well's brigade, which included the 61st, is here given as fohows: — 

"The 2d division, on the left, nearest the pike, had received the most 
severe shock of the attack, while Bidwell's brigade, to which the 61st 
belonged, which held the extreme left, and the key to the pike, had sus- 
tained the attack of the whole of Kershaw's rebel division, which came 
up in compact order to within very close range. The gallant brigade 
received the onset with full volleys, which caused the right of the rebel 
line to stagger back, and the whole line was, almost at the same moment, 
repulsed by the corps. The cavalry, on our flank — and never braver 
men than the cavalry of our little army mounted saddles — were doing 
their best to protect the pike leading to Winchester, and it was the great 
aim of both the cavalry and the single organized corps of infantry to hold 
this pike; for on this depended the safety of the whole army, and more, 
of our cause. 

"The rebels checked. Gen. Bidwell ordered his brigade to charge. 
Rising from their places in the little graveyard and the grove, the brigade 
rushed forward, the rebels breaking and running in confusion down the 



128 SI XT Y-FIRS T REG I MEN T 

declivity which they had but just ascended with such confidence, and 
across the httle stream. But the rebel artillery sent our men back to their 
places, to the shelter of the roll of ground. The charge cost us dearly. 
Major Brower, of the 122d New York, lost his life. Capt. Lennon, of 
the 77th, was mortally wounded, Lieut. Tabor was killed. Capt. Taylor 
commanding the 61st Pennsylvania, was also killed, and many other 
valuable lives were lost, but the most severe blow to the brigade and the 
corps was the loss of our gallant Gen. Bidwell. He fell, while bravely 
directing the charge, with a frightful shell wound. He was at once borne 
to an ambulance. The general sent one of his staff for the writer of these 
pages. When he reached the general's ambulance, the wounded man 
said: 'Doctor, I suppose there is no hope for recovery.' When told that 
there was none he exclaimed, 'Oh, my poor wife.' Then after a moment 
he said, 'Doctor, see that my record is right at home. Tell them I died 
at my post doing my duty.' A few hours of intense suffering and the 
brave man was relieved by death. 

"The fall of Gen. Bidwell left Col. French, of the 77th, in command 
of the brigade. The line was quickly reformed in the position from which 
the charge was made, and again the rebels came on with cheers and yells. 
They were as bravely met as before, and a second counter-charge sent them 
again in disorder across the creek, leaving the ground covered with their 
dead and wounded. The greatest shock of the second charge of the rebels 
had fallen upon our 3d brigade, and nobly had it been met. A third time 
Early's forces came on ; this time with less spirit. His men now knew the 
troops they had to contend with. They had been informed that the 6th 
corps had been sent to Washington, on its way to Petersburg. Now they 
discovered the mistake, and all of Early's authority was insufficient to 
bring them up to a spirited charge. We had repulsed them three times 
with terrible damage to their ranks, as well as sad loss to our own. But 
now we looked toward the right, and we saw rebels passing around our 
flank, and the 3d and 1st divisons falling back. We were but twelve 
thousand. They were thirty thousand, and their line far overlapped ours. 
When Early could not drive us he went round us. And now it was neces- 
sary to take another position, which should protect the road to Winchester, 
and Gen. Wright directed Gen. Getty to fall back with his corps, to a 
more commanding position, unless he saw good reason for desiring to hold 
his present position. So the order was given to take the new position. 

''The Ml corps was not driven back. It had thrice repulsed the most 
desperate charges of the whole rebel army, and now that the rebels were 
turning our flank, it was necessary to interpose an organized force, and 
there were no organized troops except the cavalry." 

After Capt. Taylor was killed, the 61st was commanded by Capt. 
John Barrett of Company G, until he was killed in that part of the battle 
which occurred after Sheridan arrived on the field. The command then 
devolved on 2d Lieut. John W. McClay, Co. C, who was soon wounded, 



PENN S YLVA N I A VOLUNTEERS 129 

when 2d Lieut. Charles H. Bewley, the only remaining commissioned 
officer, took command. 

In this battle the 61st, numbering about 100 men, had two officers 
and four men killed, one officer and ten men wounded and one man missing; 
total, 18. At the close of the fight, the 61st, reduced to less than 100 men, 
had only one commissioned officer and he a Second Lieutenant. 

The next day after the battle of Cedar Creek, Capt. Charles H. Clausen 
of Company E, having jrecovered from his wound at Spottsylvania Court- 
house, returned and took charge of his company and assumed command 
of the 61st. And 1st Lieut. Oliver A. Parsons returned the same day from 
detached duty as Quartermaster at Winchester and other points, taking 
command of Companies B and D, acting also as adjutant. 

The total loss of Sheridan's army was: killed, 52 officers, 592 men; 
wounded, 244 officers and 3186 men; missing, 30 officers, 1561 men; total, 
5665. This famous battle raised Gen. Sheridan to the rank of Major- 
General in the regular army, and filled the country with enthusiasm for 
the commander and his brave soldiers. Thirteen days after the battle, 
on November 1st, at Pike's Opera House, Cincinnati, the veteran elocu- 
tionist, James E. Murdock, recited to a vast audience, with thrilling 
effect, T. Buchanan Read's poem entitled "Sheridan's Ride," composed 
that day. This stirring poetry stimulated the rising tide of Sheridan's 
popularity, which his subsequent career augmented, until he became the 
third great -Union General, the order being. Grant, Sherman, Sheridan. 




CHAPTER XI. 

PETERSBURG-APPOMATTOX. 

Appomattox Court-house, Va., April 9, 1865. 
General R. E. Lee, Commanding C. St A. 

"I propose to receive the surrender of the 
Army of Northern Virginia on the following terms: 
The officers to give their individual paroles not to 
take up arms against the Government of the 
United States until properly exchanged, and each 
company or regimental commander to sign a like 
parole for the men of their commands." 

Very respectfully, 

U. S. GRANT, 
Lieutenant-General. 

Headquarters, Army of Northern Virginia. 

April 9, 1865. 
"General: I have received your letter of this 
date containing the terms of the surrender of the 
Army of Northern Virginia. They are accepted." 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

R. E. LEE, 
General. 
Lieutenant-General U. S. Grant, 
Commanding Armies of U. S. 

The next day after the battle of Cedar Creek, the 61st, with the 2d 
division 6th corps, advanced to Strasburg, occupying the front line next 
to the cavalry pickets. Here the battalion remained for two weeks, 
many sick and wounded returning, and recruits to the number of 180 
being received and organized into two companies, F and G, Lieut. Charles 
M. Cyphers becoming captain of Company F and Lieut. Charles 
H. Bewley, captain of Company G, raising the total number of 
companies in the battalion to seven. While at Strasburg the national 
election was held and Abraham Lincoln was re-elected by a large majority 
on a platform favoring a vigorous prosecution of the war. Later the 61st 
returned with the corps to Kernstown as a more convenient place for getting 
supplies and answering the general demand for military service in that 
region. 

On December 9th, 1864, the 61st with the 6th corps broke camp and 
marched from Kernstown to Stephenson's Depot, taking cars there for 



PENNS YLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 131 

Washington and bidding a final adieu to the Shenandoah Valley with all 
its stirring experiences and imperishable memories. Arriving in the 
National Capitol December 10th, the command took transport for City 
Point on the James River, and by December 16th the troops were again 
before Petersburg, considering the important question of winter quarters. 
The 6th corps "boys," as President Lincoln loved to call them, being now 
among the most renowned soldiers in the Union Army, received ovations 
wherever they went. The Greek cross was a passport to everything good 
to eat or drink, and stories of Fort Stevens and the Valley were listened 
to with absorbing interest. 

Upon returning to Petersburg, the 6th corps, after some changes, was 
placed in the Union line between Forts Welch and Fisher, a little to the 
left of Squirrel Level Road and in advance of any other position, the 61st 
being in the center, the brigade in command of Col. Thomas W. Hyde, 
the corps still commanded by Gen. Wright, 1st division by Gen. Wheaton, 
2d division by Gen. Getty, the 3d by Gen. Seymour. The position of the 
corps was about 800 yards from the main rebel works, the latter being in 
front of and about parallel with the Boydton Plank Road. The position 
of the corps was straightened during the winter, the 61st being occupied 
in that work and doing picket duty, which was onerous and resulted in 
almost daily losses. 

On March 2d, 1865, 300 recruits from Allegheny County were sent 
to the 61st, forming three new companies, taking the letters H, I and K. 
These companies were officered and raised the number of companies to 
ten, making once more a complete regiment for the final campaign. The 
new recruits were fine men, worthy of their county and of the regiment 
whose great career they helped to round out. 

On the morning of the 25th of March, the enemy, under Gen. Gordon, 
made a sudden attack upon, and succeeded in breaking through the lines 
of the 9th corps. Gen. Grant immediately ordered an advance along the 
entire lines, and the 2d division of the 6th corps, to which the 61st belonged, 
attacked and carried the outer lines of the enemy's fortifications in its 
front. The 61st in the hottest part of this fight had 4 killed and 14 wound- 
ed. The new troops behaved well. 

In the spring of 1865 the military and political power of the Con- 
federacy had been reduced to the southern third of Virginia, and the 
northern third of North Carolina, bounded by the Rapidan and Pamunkey 
rivers on the north, the Neuse River on the south, the Allegheny mountains 
on the west, and the Atlantic ocean on the east. This territory, includ- 
ing about 30,000 square miles, was less than four per cent, of the eleven 
seceded states, but two powerful armies were still in the field. One in 
North Carolina under Gen. J. E. Johnston, slowly retreating northeast 
before the victorious columns of Generals Sherman and Schofield, the 
other under Gen. Lee at Richmond and Petersburg, closely beseiged by 
the Union Army under the personal direction of Gen. Grant, whose head- 



132 SIXTY-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 

quarters were at City Point. These two veteran Confederate armies had 
125,000 effective men, one-third with Johnston and two-thirds with 
Lee. 

The Union armies in Virginia and North Carohna, after deducting 
necessary guards for captured positions, numbered 225,000. Sherman 
and Schofield had 100,000 and Grant, after Sheridan joined him, had 
125,000 to operate against Lee's 84,000. The Union program was for 
Sherman and Schofield to crush Johnston, while Grant was to assail Lee 
and end the war in a short campaign. The Confederate fortifications 
extended from Hatcher's Run southwest of Petersburg, across the Appo- 
mattox and the James rivers to the Chickahominy river, southeast of 
Richmond, a distance of forty miles. 

On the 26th of March, 1865, Gen. Sheridan ended his triumphant 
campaign from the Shenandoah Valley, and, with 10,000 cavalry, joined 
Grant at Petersburg. Through snow, rain and mud, Sheridan had marched 
from Winchester, annihilating all forces sent against him, damaging the 
James river canal, wrecking all railroads in the central part of the state, 
and destroying vast quantities of supplies destined for Lee's army. 

Grant's lieutenants were Meade, Sheridan, Wright, Warren, Hum- 
phreys, Ord, Miles, Custer and others, distinguished for intelligence and 
gallantry, while Lee had with him the best Confederate generals, includ- 
ing Longstreet, Hill, Gordon, Ewell, Pickett, Fitz Lee and many other 
men celebrated for courage and capacity. 

On the 24th of March, Grant issued orders for a combined attack 
on the Confederate lines, to begin the 29th. Sheridan was to move with 
his cavalry, supported by infantry, to the left, and operate on Lee's right 
and rear, cutting off his communication with the south, while the whole 
army was to co-operate by pressing up close to the Confederates and pre- 
vent reenforcements being sent to the point of attack. The plan, though 
simple, required skill, celerity and daring for its successful execution. 
Sheridan concentrated his cavalry at Dinwiddic Court-house, and, with 
the 5th corps of infantry under Gen. Warren, moved towards Five Forks, 
four miles west of Lee's right flank. There was much rain, the roads were 
almost bottomless and the fields and woods were one vast sea of soft 
sticky clay. Still the troops pressed on, coming in contact, on March 
31st, with Pickett's infantry and Fitz Lee's cavalry, sent by Gen. Lee to 
Five Forks to meet Sheridan. Heavy skirmishing occurred up to about 
4 P. M. April 1st, when a general attack was made by the Union forces. 
The infantry, under Warren, turned the Confederate left, cutting it off 
from Lee's main army, while the cavalry attacked in front and on the 
enemy's right and rear. The Confederates, protected by intrenchments, 
fought desperately, but were completely overpowered, those not killed or 
wounded surrendering, except a few disorganized fragments that fled to 
the South Side Railroad, in the rear of Lee's main lines. The Confederate 
loss was about 5,000 in killed, wounded and prisoners, an irreparable 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS I33 

disaster to the Confederates and an inspiring Union victory for the be- 
ginning of the campaign greatly enchancing the reputation of Sheridan as 
a general. 

In order to keep Lee from concentrating against Sheridan, Grant, 
on learning of the victory, ordered an immediate attack on the Confederates 
around Petersburg, and all night long the artillery through hundreds of 
guns, proclaimed to friend and foe the last great battle of the giants. 
It was like an earthquake twenty miles long with perpetual volcanic erup- 
tions. The roar of heavy cannon, the flames from the guns, the bursting 
of shells, the crashing of missiles, produced an effect which was fairly 
described by President Lincoln, who was then at City Point, when he 
wired to Washington that Grant was "smashing things." 

The next morning, Sunday, April 2d, 1865, at daylight, Lee's forti- 
fications at Petersburg were assailed by the Union forces under Generals 
Wright, Humphreys, Ord and Parke. 

The successful charge that morning of the famous 6th corps forms 
one of the most thrilling chapters in American history, and is also instruc- 
tive to those having a desire to know just how such assaults are planned 
and made. The corps numbered about 12,000, in three divisions of 4,000 
each. It had gained special fame by winning a victory at Fredericksburg, 
while Hooker was being defeated at Chancellorsville, in May, 1863. It 
divided honors with the 2d corps at the Bloody Angle at Spottsylvania, 
May 12th, 1864. It drove the rebel general Early away from Washington, 
defeating him at Eort Stevens, July 12th, 1864, with President Lincoln 
as one of the spectators. It held the position on which Sheridan rallied 
the army after his celebrated twenty-mile ride from Winchester to Cedar 
Creek, Oct. 19th, 1864. It was the corps Gen. Sheridan especially asked 
for to accompany him to Five Forks, because he said "it was familiar 
with his way of fighting," and finally, it was the corps Gen. Grant had 
selected to make this final charge. 

Gen. Wright, the 6th corps commander, officially reported the assault 
as follows: — 

"The troops were drawn out of the intrenchments, leaving the smallest 
garrison possible in the forts and very few men in the connecting lines. 
The three divisions were formed for the assault just in rear of the picket 
line; the first division on the right, the second in the center, the third on 
the left, the center division being in advance of the others. All were 
formed by brigade with regimental front. Every precaution was 
taken to insure success. There were pioneers in front, and artillerymen 
provided with implements so that captured guns might be turned on the 
enemy. Careful instructions were given to guide the movement of the 
troops when they captured the works. 

"There was not light enough to see until 4:40 A. M.; by that time the 
men could see to step, though nothing could be distinguished at the 
distance of a few yards. Then the signal, the firing of a gun from Fort 



134 SIXTY-FIRST RE CI MEN T 

Fisher, was given. The columns moved promptly at the signal, broke 
over the enemy's picket line, and poured in masses over the main defence, 
under musketry fire from the parapets and a heavy artillery fire from the 
batteries. Abatis were cut away, and through the openings thus made, 
and through those made by the enemy for his convenience of access to 
the fort, the works were gained. A brief but sharp conflict occurred, which 
soon resulted in giving us possession of the whole front of attack. Reform- 
ing the lines, the troops moved down the works to Hatcher's Run, captur- 
ing all the artillery and a very large number of prisoners. About 7 A. M. 
Harris' brigade of Turner's division carried the enemy's line near Hatcher's 
Run, and met the 6th corps there sweeping everything before it." 

Stevens in his History of the 6th corps, page 437, gives a diagram of 
this celebrated charge on April 2d, 1865, showing the rebel works to be 
taken, the three lines of abatis to be crossed, also the swamp and the 
ravine. The corps, knapsacks and canteens being left behind, was formed 
in the shape of a wedge. To the right and rear were the three brigades of 
the 1st division, to the left and rear the two brigades of the 3d division, 
while the three brigades of the 2d division, advanced, formed the center. 
The 3d brigade of the 2d division, Col. Thomas W. Hyde commanding, 
formed the point of the wedge, the troops being massed with regimental 
front. That brigade had four battalions and two regiments, and in the 
formation for the charge two battalions constituted a line and each regi- 
ment a line. As the men, in absolute silence, stood ready to move, wait- 
ing only for enough of daylight, the third brigade had the following forma- 
tion: — 1st line, 49th and 77th New York battalions; 2d line, 24 feet back, 
1st Maine regiment; 3d line, 48 feet back, 61st Pennsylvania regiment; 
4th line, 72 feet back, 122d and 43d New York battalions. Each one of 
the four lines was about 400 feet long. The 1st brigade, five regiments, 
under Col. James M. Warner, in five lines, was to the right of the 3d 
brigade, the front line being about 50 feet back. The 2d brigade, under 
Brig. Gen. L. A. Grant, six regiments of Vermonters in six lines, was to 
the left, on a position corresponding to that of the 1st brigade, the whole 
17 regiments waiting for the signal to move forward. The other two 
divisions of the corps, the 1st with 19 regiments and the 3d with 10 regi- 
ments, were In the right and left of the 2d division, as before stated. The 
total frontage of the corps was not over 1200 feet. In moving the second 
line waited until the first had gone 100 yards, and in like manner to the 
rear, the lines keeping 100 yards apart. 

Col. Hyde, commanding the brigade, in his official report says on 
account of the darkness he could not tell what regimental colors got over 
the works first. In this charge the 61st lost 10 killed, 52 wounded. Among 
the killed was Col. John W. Crosby, who had lost an arm at Fort Stevens; 
Lieut. Col. Orr and Capt. Parsons were among the wounded. 

Col. Orr made a statement to the Historian, in substance as follows : — 

At the battle, April 2d, 1865, Sergt. John C. Matthews of Co. A 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUNTEE RS 135 

carried the blue state flag which in November had been presented to Col. 
Orr by friends in Philadelphia. When the Color Sergt., Coon, carrying 
the Regimental flag was wounded, Matthews took the Regimental flag 
with the blue state flag, carrying both colors for a few minutes, till he met 
Col. Orr, who asked for one of the flags. The State flag was handed over 
to him. Then Orr, with Matthews, ran along the line waving the colors, 
rallying the men for the last rush. At the same time that Col. Crosby 
was killed, Matthews received a flesh wound in his right arm, which he 
did not mention until after the fight was over. Later, Col. Orr handed the 
state flag over to Sergt. Joseph Fisher, whose brave conduct brought 
him a medal of honor. 

Lieut. A. B. Davis, formerly of Co. A, then a Lieut, in Co. G was with 
the colors when they were planted by Matthews over the works, and 
actually helped Matthews to climb over the wall of the main fort. 

In his official report of this battle, under date of April 20th, 1865, Gen. 
Getty, the division commander, made recommendations for promotions 
and honors in the 61st as follows: — Lieut. Col. Robt. L. Orr to be Colonel 
by brevet, U. S. Vols., he being the first of his regiment in the works and 
though seriously wounded, did not leave the field; Captain O. A. Parsons 
to be major by brevet, U. S. Vols., he being wounded while tearing away 
the abatis. Capt. Chas. H. Bewley Company G to be major by brevet, 
U. S. Vols., being commended for special bravery throughout the day. 
Gen. Getty recommended medals to Private Milton Matthews, Company 
C, who captured colors of the 7th Tennessee rebel regiment; Private 
Theodore Mitchell, Company C, who captured the battle flag of the 
Tennessee brigade; 1st Sergt. Israel Highhill, who captured one of the 
pieces of artillery near Lee's headquarters. The following to have honor- 
able mention :— Sergt. J. C. Matthews, Company A, and Sergt. George 
W. Dawson, Company I, formerly major of the regiment. See Rebellion 
Records Series I Volume 46 Part I, pages 957, 960-1. 

These recommendations were all granted although Orr was colonel 
and Parsons major in the regular line of promotion long before either of 
them heard of Gen. Getty's recommendations. 

Harper's History of the Civil War has a picture on page 762 of the 
fortifications captured that morning by the 6th corps. 

Col. Robert L. Orr, a few years before he died, wrote for a Philadelphia 
paper a brilliant account of the charge on April 2d, 1865, showing clearly 
the honorable part therein taken by the 61st. This article from the 
commander of the regiment, in the engagement where he won fadeless 
laurels, is here given in full, as it could not be abbreviated without in- 
justice to the author and the subject: — 

"The assault on Petersburg by the Sixth Army Corps on April 2d, 
1865, was prefaced by the rebel attack under General Gordon on the 
Ninth Corps front, about three miles to our right, on the morning of March 
25th. By this attack he secured a mile of the Ninth Corps line, including 



136 SIXTY-FIRS T RE CI MEN T 

Fort Stedman, a very important work and held it until driven away by 
General Hartranft, who accomplished the brilliant affair with a division 
of new Pennsylvania troops, retaking Fort vStedman and all of the lost 
line, and a number of prisoners and trophies. 

"Supposing that the enemy's main line might have been weakened 
to support General Gordon's attack, the Second and Sixth Corps were 
directed by General Humphries, chief of staff of the Army of the Potomac, 
with the approval of General Meade, to make strong reconnoissances, and 
attack the entrenched picket lines in their fronts, with the view of carry- 
ing the enemy's main line if this supposition should be found to be correct. 
Accordingly, in the early afternoon of the same day, March 25th, the 
Second Division of the Sixth Corps was ordered to carry the outer or 
intrenched picket line of the enemy in front of our Fort Fisher. This was 
done with a rush. A large number of prisoners were taken, and the 
enemy completely driven away from his line. 

"The writer was then ordered to hold the positions taken, and place 
a thick picket line in what had been the rifle pits. This was done promptly 
with details from all the regiments of the Brigade. In the early morning 
of the 27th of March, two days later, the enemy quietly approached these 
outposts by means of a ravine, which cut our line at right angles, and 
burst suddenly upon our pickets about the center of the captured posts. 
The advantage gained was slight and temporary. Little loss was inflicted 
upon our troops. Our bended picket line was soon straightened out, and 
the enemy brushed away, leaving his dead and wounded in our care. 

THE ENTERING WEDGE. 

"Six days after this affair the eventful assault of the 2d of April took 
place, which opened the operations that virtually closed the war. 'It 
was this capture of the intrenched picket line of the enemy' says General 
Humphreys in his 'Virginia Campaign of 1864 and 1865,' 'that made it 
practicable for Gen. Wright, commanding the Sixth Corps, to carry the 
enemy's main line of intrenchments by assault on the morning of the 
2d of April.' 

"'The assault will be made in column by battalion; echelon by brigade; 
mounted officers will leave their horses in the rear; the men will not load 
their pieces; the signal for the assault will be a gun from Fort Fisher.' 
This was part of the verbal order received by the division, brigade and 
regimental commanders of the vSixth Army Corps, on the night of April 
1st, 1865, in camp in front of Petersburg. The Third Brigade of the 
Second Division, composed of the 43d, 49th, 77 th and 122d New York 
Regiments, the 1st Maine Veteran Volunteers, formed by the consolida- 
tion of the re-enlisted men of the 5th, 6th and 7th Maine regiments, and 
the 61st Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, was ordered to take the head 
of the echelon, 'the point of the wedge,' to be the first troops to receive the 




^1 



LIEUT.-COLONEL JOHN W. CROSBY 
Killed at Petersburg, April 2nd, 1865 



PENNS YL VA N I A VO LUN TEE R S 137 

enemy's fire; the point against which all the enemy's resistance would be 
first directed; the object towards which the eyes of the remaining eight 
brigades of the Sixth Corps would be turned on Sunday morning, April 
2d, at early dawn. 

"Shortly after 10 o'clock P. M., of the 1st the orders came for prepa- 
ration, and for some time those arrangements that soldiers make before 
going into battle were quietly completed. Short letters were written and 
messages given to the non-combatants to be sent home 'in case of acci- 
dents,' useless clothing and playing cards were dispensed with, and as 
little as possible packed into the knapsacks. vSome, more careful than 
others, wrote their names, company and regiment on pieces of paper, 
and pinned them on their blouses, so as to be identified if killed. Cart- 
ridge boxes and canteens were filled, and muskets carefully examined, 
rations were packed in haversacks, and the inevitable wooden pipe and 
tobacco bag were carefully placed where they could be as easily reached 
as the cartridges. Finally, at midnight the word came to 'form on the 
regimental parade ground without noise, to join the brigade, and move 
out between the enemy's lines and ours in front of Fort Fisher.' As our 
brigade was to lead the assault it was the first to form, but the balance 
of the division and the rest of the corps soon followed. 

FORMING IN THE DARK. 

"While the troops were forming in the deep gloom which precedes 
daybreak the fire of the enemy became very bitter. He became aware 
that some unusual movement was being made on our side. In the dark 
and damp of the early morning the powder smoke which hung like huge 
clouds near the ground deepened the obscurity and made our movements 
somewhat slow. The sharp fire of the enemy inflicted much loss on our 
moving columns in the space between the picket lines before the positions 
of the different organizations were reached and established or the signal 
gun from the fort in our rear had been fired. It was by this fire in the 
dark that Lieutenant Colonel John W. Crosby, of the 61st, an old resi- 
dent of Philadelphia, was mortally wounded. He was carried to the rear 
as soon as he was stricken down, and died in a few minutes. It was the 
fourth wound he had received in the service of his country, by one of 
which, received in front of Washington on July 12th, 1864, he had lost 
an arm. Gallant, high spirited, generous to a fault, and more than brave, 
his name was added to the list of 'officers killed' in a regiment that 'lost 
more killed in battle than any other regiment in the service of the United' 
States.' The 61st Pennsylvania was the third regiment in the leading 
column. The writer, who was in command, was especially anxious to 
have his colors first on the rebel works if possible. To that end, both 
color sergeants — one from Pittsburgh and one from Philadelphia, Joseph 
Fisher — as anxious to gain that soldierly distinction, for themselves and 



138 SIXTY-FIRS T RE CI MEN T 

their regiment as the commander, had removed the covers from the 
colors and unfurled them and the flags of the nation and our State fluttered 
heavily in the damp and smoky air. Orders were given these two ser- 
geants and the color guard to dash forward at the word of command 
plant the flags on the enemy's works in our front and 'keep them there.' 
The commander was perfectly confident that these men would obey his 
orders and that the regiment would follow the colors. The wicked fire 
of the Confederate skirmishers still continued with increased vigor and 
our men were constantly being hit without an opportunity to retaliate, 
for their pieces, in obedience to orders, were not loaded. This inability 
to return the enemy's fire is misery intensified to the soldier. The breath- 
less anxiety of the moment gave way to angry maledictions on the supposed 
tardiness of the signal gun, muttered between teeth set for desperate 
deeds. The signal gun at last belched out, every man 'gathered him- 
self for the rush, and 'Forward, forward' was shouted and echoed by 
every officer of the Sixth Corps in the 'wedge.' But the command was 
not needed. It was a great relief, a positive lifting of a load of misery to 
be at last 'let at them.' Like a missile hurled by fate the Third Brigade 
'tore itself loose,' and with a roar of Yankee cheers jumped to its feet 
and dashed for the woods. 

"The two New York regiments, the 49th and 77th, which were in 
front, had slung their pieces to their backs, as their special orders were 
to 'quickly reach the abattis in front of the enemy's works and tear it 
away' in order to allow comparatively clear ground for the other regi- 
ments of the brigade to enter. Splendidly did the 'York State' soldiers 
do their work. Of course, after the signal from Fort Fisher to charge 
and the cheers from our men were given every Confederate was up and 
doing. In front of the 61st Pennsylvania the fire from Heth's Tennes- 
seeans, who were immediately opposed to the point of the wedge, delivered 
from the time we left the ground of formation until they fired in our 
faces and we tasted their smoke, was given a frequency and correctness of 
aim that is regretted to-day by mothers, wives and sisters in the four 
counties of Pennsylvania from which the 61st was recruited. The enemy's 
line was pierced and their works taken. Among the killed and wounded 
were the two brave color sergeants, both shot through the body; one of 
them, Joseph Fisher, of Philadelphia, is still hving; although he fell badly 
wounded, his orders were carried out by the color guard, and his flag, in 
fact both flags, were placed on the rebel works and 'kept there.' 

"I do not know whether the other sergeant is living or dead, nor do 
I remember his name, as he was one of the new men, but if living he can 
reflect with great pride on a duty gallantly done, or if dead his name will 
be held in honored memory by his relatives and friends as a brave man 
among brave men. 

"At the time of this battle there were about 300 new men, who had 
been sent to fill the 61st's depleted ranks after Sheridan's campaign in 



PENNS YL VA N I A VO LUN TEE RS 139 

the Shenandoah Valley These, with the veterans, made the number for 
duty about 500. The rolls showed about 800. The 300 who were lacking 
were 'absent in hospital,' wounded in the vShenandoah Valley, the Wilder- 
ness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor and in the various skirmishes and 
affairs that happened in gaining the foothold in front of Petersburg. The 
writer was especially anxious as to the conduct of the new recruits in this 
last great battle, but he need not have been. The leaven of the old 
Potomac veterans had done its work among them; the skirmishes of the 
25th and 27th of March had given them a taste of bullets and smell of 
powder, and there appeared no difference in the fighting qualities of the 
old and new soldiers. In fact, the latter seemed glad of the opportunity 
offered them to take part in battle, to be members of an organization 
whose deeds and works were part of the history of their country, and to 
be in at the death of the Confederacy, for it was felt by all that this was 
to be the last great battle between the Army of the Potomac and the Army 
of Northern Virginia, and so it proved to be. 

"The smoke, which, as has been said, hugged the ground in the 
damp, and heavy air, became denser from the rapid fire of the enemy; the 
ground was somewhat broken as we rapidly neared their line, and many 
a soldier who fell into an old pit or trench wondered whether he was hit 
or had stumbled. The writer had such a fall in the ditch near the front 
of the Confederate Fort Gregg, and it would have been difficult to get 
out of the abattis tossed there by the New York troops if it had not been 
for a friendly hand stretched out in the gloom. The ditch was passed, 
and with the enemy firing in our faces the advancing line pressed over 
their intrenchments without faltering. The defenders of the enemy's 
line were brushed away with an emphasis that precluded all ideas of an 
attempt to re-form in any reasonable time to be made of use in barring 
our progress. The troops pushed resolutely onwards, and scattered squads 
reached the Boydton road. Here General Hill following in the rear of his 
retreating troops, was killed by one of our advanced parties. 

MORE LINES TO TAKE. 

"The trophies of the regiment up to this time were two colors, a wagon 
train with its mules and drivers, 200 prisoners and 'the works,' but our 
contract was not quite filled. At the word the route toward Petersburg 
was taken, and determined resistance, met, but by continual push and 
drive over a bloody track and in the face of continued fire we eventually 
struck the Mississippi Brigade, Lee's headquarters guard, which with 
the artillery of the command offered robust resistance and brought us to 
a halt. Every rifle of the Mississippians and each gun of their battery 
was in play, and with much loss to us. The halt was short, however. 
With a rush like that made in the early morning, the enemy's infantry 
were scattered and four of the guns at Lee's headquarters were captured. 



140 SIXTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 

Sergeant Highill, Company I and Coporal Driver, Company H, were the 
first to spring into the battery, and with loud and exultant shouts, echoed 
by the regiment at their heels, declared emphatically that 'these are the 
61st Pennsylvania's guns by .' 

"The writer having been hurt in the morning assault by falling among 
the abattis in the ditch had, with the aid of two strong men, been enabled 
to reach the battery, where a horse was out from the harness, and he was 
lifted on it much to his own comfort and the relief of the two soldiers. 

"After the dash into the battery and the driving away of the Miss- 
issippians the pace was slower and the resistance not so pronounced. 
Many sharpshooters tried their aim on us, with considerable success, 
until almost within sight of Petersburg, when a halt was called, and the 
lines re-formed. At this time two guns of a battery which had escaped 
our capture at Lee's headquarters opened on us from the elevated ground 
on the other side of the Appomattox River, on which stream the right of 
our whole line rested. The aim of these guns was splendid and their 
shots told on us with much effect. Captain Crawford Allen's First Rhode 
Island Battery was ordered up at a gallop to engage them and also a full 
battery which had meanwhile opened on us from in front. Captain Allen 
turned his left section, two guns, to engage the escaped rebel section 
across the Appomattox. His movements drawing their attention, their 
fire was removed from the 61st and delivered upon him, and between the 
guns in front and those on his flank Allen had his hands full. But he had 
'come to stay,' and he stayed, though he lost eighteen men. Our rifle- 
men were thus called to devote their attention to the sharpshooters that 
were swarming in our front instead of hugging a dry ditch to avoid the 
enfilading cannon fire of the enemy, which, however, was silenced after 
a time by the magnificent service of the gallant Rhode Islanders. As 
this 'day of rest,' it was Sunday, wore on the greater part of the musketry 
fire ceased and at dark was kept up only between the pickets, whose 
shots could be heard until late at night. Between midnight and dawn 
some of the enterprising skirmishers of the regiment anticipating an 
order to move on the town did so of their own accord and found the enemy 
leaving. This was reported as soon as they could return. At daylight 
on the 3d of April the Ninth Corps occupied the town and the Sixth Corps 
took up the line of march to Sutherland's Station on the South Side 
Railroad in pursuit of Lee's army, the capture of which, after one more 
small affair of arms at Sailor's Creek, in which the corps was the only 
infantry engaged, occurred six days after at Appomattox Court-house. 

"A few months after Lee's surrender the 61st returned to Pennsyl- 
vania. On the return of the regiment to Pittsburgh, its place of original 
formation, it was received with the greatest enthusiasm by the mayor, 
city council and citizens, and was given a banquet by the ladies of the 
city. Three of its torn and ragged battle flags, carried in the Peninsula, 
the Wilderness and Spottsylvania campaign, in the Shenandoah Valley 



PENN S YLVA NI A V O LUN TEE RS 141 

and at Petersburg, are in the room at Ilarrisburg where are stored the 
battle flags of the State. 

■Du-i A 1 u- 1QCA" Robert. L. Orr. 

Philadelphia, 1886. 

The 6th corps in fifteen minutes lost 1,000 men in killed and wounded, 
nearly 10 per cent, of the entire command. Simultaneously with the 
charge of the 6th corps, and the 2d corps under Humphreys, the 9th 
corps under Parke and the army of the James under Ord, made gallant 
and successful assaults, gaining ground in their respective fronts and 
driving Lee to his inner works. These attacks were vigorously pressed 
at all points during the morning, and at ten o'clock Gen. Lee sent a de- 
spatch to President Davis telling of the disaster, and saying that Rich- 
mond and Petersburg must be abandoned that evening. The telegram 
found the Confederate President in his accustomed place in the Episcopal 
Church participating in the responses of the Litany, near the close of the 
service. It is said by Gen. Longstreet and others that while Mr. Davis 
was scanning the dispatch from Lee, the worship continued as follows: — 

Minister. "From all sedition, conspiracy and rebellion — " 

Congregation. "Good Lord, deliver us." 

The President immediately left and the congregation was dismissed 
with notice that there would be no services in the evening. Two hours 
later, at 2 P. M., Davis, his cabinet, and others constituting the Con- 
federate government, left Richmond to its fate, seeking safety in flight 
by rail towards Danville. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon Lee issued orders 
for the retreat to begin that night at 8 o'clock. At 4 o'clock Gen. Miles 
attacked the Confederate force at Sutherland Station, capturing some 
artillery and 1000 prisoners. At 4:40 o'clock Gen. Grant, in a dispatch 
to City Point, said: 

"The whole captures since the army started out gunning will amount 
to not less than twelve thousand men, and probably fifty pieces of artil- 
lery." 

Gen. Lee's army vacated the fortifications so valiantly defended for 
nine months, and moved up the north side of the Appomattox River 
full of sadness and desperate resolution. Gen. Longstreet led the retreat, 
followed by Gordon, Mahone, Ewell, Kershaw, Custis Lee, Anderson 
and Johnson, with Fitz Lee's cavalry bringing up the rear. 

Early the next morning, Aprl 3d, the Union troops entered Peters- 
burg and the great race for Appomattox Court-house began. President 
Lincoln, during the day, went into Petersburg and extended warm con- 
gratulations to Grant and his army. At 8:15 that morning, Richmond 
surrendered to the Union general Weitzel. 

Gen. Sheridan, with his cavalry, supported by infantry, moved 
westerly parallel with Lee's army, and frequently in advance of it, taking 
trains, capturing guns and gathering in prisoners. The other Union 
troops followed Lee, assailing at every opportunity. 



142 SIXTY-FIRS T REG I MEN T 

The first engagement was at Namozine Church, ten miles out of 
Petersburg, where Barringer's brigade of Fitz Lee's cavalry was roughly 
handled by Curtis's Union division. Barringer was captured, and most 
of his command" dispersed. Five miles farther on at Deep Creek, Fitz 
was found in a strong position, protecting the rear of Lee's army. One 
of his brigades was commanded by Gen. Henry A. Wise, who as Governor 
of Virginia, hung old John Brown in 1859. Gen. Merritt's cavalry attacked 
this Confederate force and a sharp engagement ensued, lasting until after 
dark. At this point the Union advance remained for the night. 

The next morning, the 4th, Lee was at Amelia Court-house on the 
Richmond and Danville Railroad, and the Union troops hastened to Jetters- 
ville on the same road, eight miles west, so as to compel Lee to fight or 
leave the railroad. Gen. Lee, on the 5th, moved forward as if to attack, 
but changed his direction to the north. Meanwhile Sheridan sent Davis' 
brigade of cavalry to the left to reconnoiter. About five miles away, at 
Paineville, Davies, after driving off the escort, secured five pieces of 
artillery and captured and burned a wagon train containing Lee's head- 
quarters baggage with his official reports and papers. 

Longstreet's corps of Lee's army marched all night, arriving at 
Rice's Station on the Lynchburg Railroad at daylight on April 6th. Ander- 
son's, Ewell's and Gordon's corps were following Longstreet, the line of 
march extending from Rice's Station back to Deatonsville, a distance of 
ten miles. During the day Sheridan's cavalry, breaking through this 
Confederate line of march in the rear of Longstreet and in front of Ander- 
son, played havoc with the trains and compelled Anderson to stop and 
form a line of battle. About the same time the 6th corps, five miles 
farther back broke through the Confederate line in rear of Ewell and 
ahead of Gordon. Longstreet was too far away to render any aid, and 
Gordon took to his right, marching north to the Appomattox River at 
High Bridge, closely pursued and frequently attacked by Gen. Hum- 
phreys. A running fight was kept up all afternoon. The artillery moved 
with the skirmish line and roared from every hilltop. Gen. Humphreys 
captured 13 flags, 4 guns, 1700 prisoners, and destroyed miles of wagon 
trains. 

While this was going on, the 6th corps from the north and east, and 
the cavalry from the south and west, closed in on the forces of Ewell and 
Anderson and the fierce battle of Sailor's Creek was fought, the last 
bloody engagement of the Civil War. The Confederates resisted bravely, 
but were defeated at all points. Gen. Anderson, with about 2,000 men, 
escaped through the woods and fields in the twilight towards the Appo- 
mattox River, and the others, about 5,000, surrendered with six Generals, 
Ewell, Kershaw, Custis Lee, Debose, Hunton and Corse. 

The credit for this victory was due to Sheridan's brilliant generalship 
and the confidence the infantry had in him which inspired the troops to 
march day and night and face any peril. 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 143 

After dark on the evening of the ()th, (^.cn. I,ongstrcet shppcd away 
from Rice's Station and crossed to the north side of the Appomattox near 
Farmville, destroying the bridges behind him. Generals Humphreys and 
Wright, with the 2d and 6th corps, crossed at High Bridge a few miles 
below Farmville, and about noon of the 7th caught up with the whole of 
Lefe's army in position on the Lynchburg road. Heavy skirmishing oc- 
curred, but the Confederates held their position until night. 

Sheridan, finding the bridges destroyed at Farmville, sent most of 
his cavalry to the northwest in the direction of Prospect Station. Toward 
evening of the 7th, Gen. Grant arrived at Farmville, and at 5 P. M., from 
that place, sent his first letter to Lee asking the surrender of his army, in 
order, as he said, to avoid further effusion of blood. This letter was sent 
through Humphrey's line and was answered within an hour. Gen. Lee 
said he reciprocated Grant's desire to avoid the further effusion of blood, 
but did not think his cause hopeless. He asked what terms would be 
given. 

Gen. Lee moved in the night, on the north side of the river, toward 
Appomattox Station, followed by Humphreys and Wright, at 5:30 on the 
morning of the 8th. That day Humphreys and Wright marched twenty- 
six miles, stopping at midnight, three miles behind the Confederate army. 
During the forenoon of that day, Gen. Grant sent his second letter through 
Humphreys' lines to Lee, stating the terms on which he would accept the 
Confederate surrender. About dark, at New Store, Humphreys received 
Lee's answer to Grant's second letter, and sent it back ten miles to Grant 
at Curdsville. ~ 

During the same day, on the 8th, Sheridan, with his cavalry, and Ord, 
with his infantry, moved on the south side of the Appomattox, arriving 
on the 9th, about daylight, in the vicinity of Appomattox Court-house. 
Sheridan's cavalry immediately formed across the Lynchburg road ahead 
of Lee, and during the morning Ord brought up his infantry supporting 
the cavalry, effectually barring Lee's movements towards Lynchburg. 
With these troops ahead of him and Humphreys and Wright in his rear. 
Gen. Lee realized that further resistance was useless. He was beset on 
the west, the south and the east. The north was open to him, but his army 
could not move to the flank with such an active enemy in front and rear; 
besides, a day's march would have landed him at the James River, which 
was then swollen, and the bridges had all been destroyed by Sheridan in 
March. 

Gen. Lee therefore, after unsuccessful efforts to cut his way out to- 
wards Lynchburg, sent a note to Grant requesting an interview, with a 
view to surrendering. Grant answered Lee's letter at 11:55 A. M., April 
9th, from a point west of Walker's Church, saying he would come as soon 
as possible. He arrived at Appomattox Court-house at one o'clock; met 
Lee at the McLean House, where the surrender occurred and was announced 
to the army at 4 o'clock. 



144 SIXTY-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 

The surrender was at the same hour at which Davis left Richmond 
the Sunday before, so the Confederacy lasted precisely seven days after 
its capital was abandoned. 

The number of Confederates surrendered, including officers and men, 
as appears by official reports at Washington, was 28,356. 

In this campaign of 12 days, the Union forces marched on an average 
150 miles, taking along over a thousand vehicles, including artillery, 
ammunition, and supply trains. As the army advanced, the bad roads 
were made passable, swollen streams were bridged, and the railroad was 
repaired. The details of soldiers to make all these improvements and 
changes, advanced frequently with the skirmish line, and when Lee 
surrendered. Grant was able to telegraph the glorious news to Washington 
over new wires, ten miles of which had been put up that morning. 

Gen. Grant, at Mount McGregor, with death impending, dictated 
the following statement about the Union Army: 

"The Army of the Potomac has every reason to be proud of its four 
years' record in the suppression of the rebellion. The army it had to 
fight was the protection to the capital of a people which was attempting 
to found a nation upon the territory of the United vStates. Its loss would 
be the loss of the cause. Every energy, therefore, was put forth by the 
Confederacy to protect and maintain their capital. Everything else would 
go if it went. Lee's army had to be strengthened to enable it to main- 
tain its position, no matter what territory was wrested from the South 
in another quarter." 

On April 17th, 1865, the 61st was detailed to present to Gen. Meade 
at his headquarters at Burkesville, Virginia, the rebel battle flags captured 
in the campaign by the 6th corps. The flags, a vast number, represented 
most of the seceded states; nearly all were faded and well worn, many in 
rags; a few were new and bright. When these colors were presented. 
Gen. Meade spoke to the soldiers as follows: — 

"Officers and Soldiers of the Sixth Corps:— I thank you very much 
for these numerous proofs of your valor captured during the recent cam- 
paign. I do not wish to make any invidious distinctions between your 
own and the other corps of this army. They performed with valor and 
courage the part assigned to them, but candor compels me to say that in 
my opinion the decisive movement of this campaign which resulted in 
the capture of the Army of Northern Virginia was the gaflant and success- 
ful assault of the 6th corps on the morning of the 2d of April. It was with 
much pleasure I had received a despatch from your commander, assuring 
me his confidence in your courage was so great that he felt sure of his 
ability to break through the enemy's line. I finally ordered the charge 
to be made at 4 o'clock on the morning of the 2d, and it was with still 
greater satisfaction that a few hours afterward I had the pleasure of trans- 
mitting a despatch to the general-in-chief, telling him the confidence of 
your brave commander had been fully borne out. 



PENN S YL VA N I A V LUN TEE RS 145 

"To you, brave men, I return the thanks of the country and of the 
army. To each of you a furlough of thirty days will be granted to enable 
you to present these proofs of your valor to the War Depratment. Let 
us all hope that the work upon which we have been engaged for nearly 
four years is over, that the South will return to its allegiance and that 
our beloved flag will once more float in triumph over a peaceful and un- 
divided country, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the 
St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico." 

In II. Bates' History, pages 415-lG, the later stage of the 61st is 
correctly given as follows: — ■ 

"After the surrender the regiment returned with a considerable 
portion of the army to Burkesville Junction, where, on the 17th, it was 
honored by being chosen to escort the captured flags of the division to 
army headquarters. Gen. Johnston, in command of a rebel army in 
North Carolina, still held out. Grant accordingly put his columns in 
motion to assure its capture should it continue in hostile attitude. In 
four days the regiment marched one hundred and sixteen miles, reaching 
Danville on the 27th, where it was detailed for provost duty. After re- 
maining here until the 21st of May, Johnston having in the meantime 
laid down his arms and surrendered to Sherman, it moved by rail to 
Richmond. Marching through the rebel capital on the 24th, it crossed 
the Pamunkey on the 25th, passed Fredericksburg and Marye's Heights 
on the 29th, Fairfax June 1st, arriving at Ball's Cross Roads, near Wash- 
ington, on the 2d. On the 8th the corps was reviewed in the National 
Capitol, which for four years had been menaced, and which, by its opportune 
arrival, it had preserved in its direst extremity. On the 28th of June 
the regiment under command of the following field officers: Col. Robert 
L. Orr, Lieut. Col. Charles vS. Greene, and Major Oliver A. Parsons, was 
mustered out of service, and ordered to Pittsburgh for payment. Upon 
its arrival there it was publicly received by the Mayor and citizens, and 
entertained at a grand banquet. Two days thereafter the organization 
which had been maintained for four years, at length 'its warfare o'er,' 
ceased to exist. 

While at Burkesville, news came to the 61st of the assassination of 
President Lincoln, causing universal sadness, mingled with fresh resent- 
ment against the rebels who were supposed to be responsible in some way 
for the great crime. It was then agreed among the soldiers that the 
rebels should be punished severely for starving the Union prioners when 
the guilty persons were discovered, and now an intense hostility sprang 
up against all persons in any way implicated in the killing of the beloved 
Lincoln who was then deeply concerned for the welfare of the Southern 
people, "with malice toward none and charity for all." 



CHAPTER XII. 

PEACE. 

"The toils and duties of our soldier life are over, 
but its memories remain, Union and Confederate. 
We will never fight again but together; the West, 
the South, the East and the North will send the 
American soldier into the field if a foreign foe 
threatens or there is any need. 

"None of us can forget those who went down 
in the hot hell of battle, for this country is scarred 
with their graves, but — 

"Under the sod and the dew. 

Waiting the Judgment Day; 
We have tears and love for the blue, 
Love and tears for the gray." 

Col. Robert L. Orr, 
Fair Oaks Reunion. Richmond, May 30th, 1884. 

After the publication of "Childe Harold" Uord Byron said, "I awoke 
one morning and found myself famous." After the publication in the 
Century Magazine in May, 1888, of a synopsis of Col. Wm. F. Fox's 
"Regimental Losses," the <31st had a like pleasure. It awoke one morn- 
ing and found itself famous. The regiment is like the brilliant Englishman 
in another respect. His sudden fame was found to rest on a sure founda- 
tion which rigid scrutiny only confirmed and established for all time; so 
with the 61st. Its history has been examined and its honors universally 
conceded. In his book, after saying he has examined the official record 
of the two thousand regiments in the Union Army, Col. Fox on page 38 
says: — "The largest number of officers killed in an infantry regiment in 
the Union armies is found in the 61st Pennsylvania of the 6th corps, in 
which 19 officers were killed or mortally wounded during the war. Among 
the number were three colonels; Col. Rippey was killed at Fair Oaks; 
Col. Spear fell while leading a successful assault on Marye's Heights; and 
Col. Crosby, who had lost an arm at Fort Stevens, was killed in the final 
and victorious assault on Petersburg. The total loss of the 61st in killed 
and died of wounds was 19 officers, 218 enlisted men; total, 237. It was 
a gallant regiment and was bravely led, as its losses in officers clearly 
shows." 

In the tables made by this author of the 2,000 Union regiments the 
61st has the following positions: — 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 147 

Officers killed or mortally woiuuled in battle No. 1 . 

Greatest loss in any one battle No. 11. 

Greatest aggregate killed during the war No. 15. 

Greatest loss at Spottsylvania No. IG. 

An astonishing fact about the Gist is that so many of its officers were 
killed or mortally wounded while leading the regiment in battles. The 
record shows: — ■ 

1. Col. Oliver H. Rippey was killed in the hottest part of the battle 
of Fair Oaks, May 31st, 1862. 

2. Col. George C. vSpcar was killed while leading a charge on Marye's 
Heights, May 3d, 18G3. 

3. Capt. Lewis Redenbach was killed while commanding the regi- 
ment August 21st, 18G4, at Flowing vSprings near Charlestown. 

4. Capt. David J. Taylor was killed in command of the regiment 
while leading a charge at Cedar Creek on the morning of October 19th, 
18G4. 

5. Capt. John Barrett was killed while commanding the regiment in 
the final advance on the rebel army at Cedar Creek in the afternoon of 
the same day. 

G. Lieut. Col. John W. Crosby was killed while leading the regiment 
on the morning of April 2d, 1865, in the final charge on the rebel works 
at Petersburg. 

7. Lieut. Col— Spear was wounded while in command of the regiment 
after the death of Col. Rippey at Fair Oaks. 

8. Major John W. Crosby was woU"nded, losing an arm, while leading 
the regiment at Fort vStevens, July 12th, 1864. 

9. Capt. W. J. Glenn was wounded while commanding the regiment 
August 21st, 1864, at Flowing Springs near Charlestown after the death 
of Capt. Redenbach. 

10. Capt. Charles S. Greene was wounded, losing an eye while com- 
manding the regiment at Opequln, vSeptember 19th, 1864. 

11. Lieut. John W. McClay was wounded at Cedar Creek while in 
command of the regiment after the death of Capt. Barrett. 

12. Major Robert L. Orr was wounded at Petersburg April 2d, 1865, 
while in command of the regiment after the death of Lieut. Col. Crosby. 

The extraordinary number of casualties among regimental com- 
manders is accounted for by example of Col. Rippey, whose motto in 
battle was, "Come on, boys," not "Go on, men," This heroic principle 
of the first colonel, sealed and ratified by his blood, was adopted by his 
successors, each taking the place in battle where he could render the 
greatest service, regardless of danger. 

The following is a complete list of the officers in the 61st killed or 
mortally wounded in Virginia battles: — 



148 SIXTY-FIRST RE G I MEN T 

Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862— Col. Oliver H. Rippey, Capt. Joseph 

Gerard, Co. K, Lieutenants John Pol- 
lock, Co. A, Alfred Moylan, Co. I, Wm. 
vScott, Co. B, and Chas. H. Rhodes, 
Co. C. 

Fredericksburg, May 3, 1863 — Col. George C. Spear, Lieutenants 

Philip Voelp, Co. B, and George F. 
. Harper, Co. E- 

Wilderness, May 6, 1864— Capt. Wm. O. H. Robinson, Co. C, 

Lieut. F. M. Brown, Co. A. 

Spottsylvania, May 8 to 24, 1864 — Adjutant Geo. W. Wilson, Lieut James 

W. Prophatcr, Co. C. 

Fort Stevens, July 12, 1864— Lieut. Wm. Laughlin, Co. B. 

Flowing Spring, near Charlestown, 

August 21, 1864 — Capt. Lewis Redenbach, Co. B, Lieut. 

Isaac N. Price, Co. A. 

Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864— Capt. David J. Taylor, Co. C, Capt. 

John Barrett, Co. G. 

Petersburg, April 2, 1865— Lieut. Col. John W. Crosby. 

The list includes two colonels, one lieutenant colonel, one adjutant, 
five captains and ten lieutenants; total, nineteen. The number of officers 
wounded in the 61st has not been accurately ascertained, but the official 
record shows 32, giving, however, very few names out of the entire number. 
For this reason it is impossible to furnish a complete list, and a partial 
one would be unsatisfactory. 

Col. Fox, on page 23 of his book, says for the number killed and 
mortally wounded in the Civil War, 2 1-2 were wounded. Applying this 
rule to the 61st officers, the number must have been 47. 

In Fox's history, page 274, there is a table showing losses in killed, 
wounded and died of disease, indicating the number for each company and 
exhibiting the total enrollment and killed at each battle, which table is 
here given as follows: — 

FROM OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT, 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 

SIXTY-FIRST PENNvSYLVANIA INFANTRY. 
NEILL'S BRIGADE GETTY'S DIVISION SIXTH CORPS. 



1. Col. Oliver H. Rippey, killed. 4. Col. George F. Smith. 

2. Col. George C. Spear, killed. 5. Col. Robert L. Orr. 

3. Col. John W. Crosby, killed. 



PENN S YL VA N I A V O LUN TEE R S 



149 





Killed 


and Died of Died of Disease, Acci- 








wounds. dent, in Prison, etc. 


Total 


Companies. 


Offi- 
cers. 


Men. 


Total. OiTicers. Men. 


Total. 


Enroll- 
ment. 


Field and Staff 


4 


1 


5 i 


1 


1 


16 


Co. A. 


3 


32 


35 


10 


10 


203 


B. 


4 


22 26 i 


1 10 


11 


194 


C. 


3 


22 25 


. : 13 


13 


204 


D. 


1 


24 25 


■ i ^^ 


13 


181 


E. 


2 


23 25 


12 


12 


209 


F. 




23 ' 23 




10 


10 


20(5 


G.. 




20 20 




8 


8 


191 


H. 




22 22 




8 


8 


202 


I. 


1 


14 


15 




7 


7 


180 


K. 


1 


15 


16 




8 


8 


201 


Totals. 


19 


218 


237 


1 100 


101 


1987 



237 killed— 11. 9 per cent. 
Total killed and wounded, 872; died in Confederate prison, previously 

included, 19. 

Killed 

Fair Oaks . .- 92 

Malvern Hill 4 

Antietam , 1 

Williamsport, Md 2 

Fredericksburg, 1862, 2 

Marye's Heights 15 

Wilderness * 34 

Spottsylvania 44 

Cold Harbor 2 

Fort Stevens 6 

Charlestown, W. Va 8 

Opequon, Va 3 

Fisher's Hill 2 

Cedar Creek 6 

Petersburg, March 25, 1805, 4 

Fall of Petersburg, April 2, 1865, 10 

Siege of Petersburg 2 



Total 237 

According to the above table, the substantial accuracy of which 
appears in the narrative, the 61st losses may be summarized as follows: — 



150 SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT 

Killed and mortally wounded : 

Officers, 19 

Men, 218 

237 

Died of disease, officers, 1 

Died in rebel prisons, 19 

Died of disease and accidents, men, 81 



Total deaths, 338 

Wounded, 635 



Total losses, 973 

To this aggregate of losses should be added the missing in battle who 
were never heard from, such as 1st Lieut. Eugene C. Koerner of Company 
B, at the Wilderness, T. W. Kinter and Aaron Titterington of Company 
A, the former missing at Fair Oaks and the latter at Cold Harbor. In 
all such instances beyond any doubt the officers and men lost their lives 
in some way, and of such there were at least 27, bringing up the total loss 
m the regiment to ONE THOUSAND. The casualties of officers in 
the 61st is suggested by the number of commissions issued to that regiment; 
by official records of Pennsylvania, field and staff commissions were issued 
to the number of 32 and line officers received 143 commissions, making 
in all 175; the maximum number of officers in a regiment was 38, so that 
on an average the 61st officers, field, staff and line, changed every eleven 
months, and each office had at least four incumbents. 

In the absence of official information from the United States Adjutant 
General's office, it is impossible to give further information as to the names 
of officers and men of the 61st regiment. While the family or heirs of any 
particular officer or man may obtain information from Washington respect- 
ing legal rights or relations upon giving the name, company and regiment 
and specifying the facts desired, no department of the United States 
government will furnish any military information for mere historical 
purposes. The United States, at a cost of over five million dollars, 
has published a voluminous work called "Rebellion Records," which 
contains Union and Confederate orders, reports and correspondence, 
with an index; as to some battles and campaigns the information is 
nearly complete, but as to others it is inaccurate and fragmentary. This 
work contains the names of most officers killed, but does not give the 
names of those wounded or who died of disease or in prison, and it does 
not pretend to furnish the names of men killed or wounded in battle. 

Owing to the fact that the 61st was raised in four different sections 
of the state, distant from each other, few rcgimicntal reunions have been 



PENNS YL VA N I A V LU N TEE R S 151 

held and few opportunities have been alTorded to perpetuate memories of 
field service. 

The first reunion, 11) years after the war ended, was held Saturday, 
May 31st, 1884, on the Fair Oaks battlefield, being the same day of the 
week on w^iicli the fight occurred, on its twenty-second anniversary. Tlie 
visitors left Washington Friday morning, May 3()th, and, according to a 
newspaper account — "They arrived at Fredericksburg and participated 
in the decoration at the soldiers' graves at the cemetery, where they met 
R. E. Lee Conferedate Camp, of Richmond, Va., and Phil Kearney Post, 
G. A. R., of Richmond, and the 1st Co. of Veteran Corps, the Continentals, 
of Washington, D. C, and Meade Post, G. A. R., of same place. Pizarro's 
Veteran Brass Band, of Washington, D. C, and several first class drum 
corps furnished the music for the occasion. After decoration services the 
'vets.' were escorted to Richmond, Va., by R. E. Lee Camp and Kearney 
Posts and brass band from Richmond, Va. 

IN RICHMOND. 

"Lee Camp determined to give the vets, a warm reception. At 
10 o'clock, P. M. the train arrived. To the sound of martial music Com- 
pany B. of the First Regiment, commanded by Captain Henry C. Jones, 
and the Richmond Light Infantry Blues, Captain Andrew Pizzini, marched 
out from Seventh street and out to Elba station to receive the visitors. 
They were on hand in good time and when the visitors disembarked 
from the train the military were in position. Mayor Carrington welcomed 
them in a brief buFcordial speech tendering them the hospitalities of the 
city. 

"The scene on Broad street while the veterans were moving down 
was beautiful. From either side sky-rockets burst in the air, shedding 
stars of light that dimmed those high in the heavens. Red and blue fire 
made the scenes as bright as day almost, and the colors reflected on the 
houses and surroundings were dazzling and picturesque to a degree rarely 
seen, and certainly delightful to behold. The smoke from the cannon 
crackers that boomed and bursted from every side gave a sort of battle- 
look to the soldiers as it wrapped them in its folds, and the sparks that siftc d 
down over them iDy a little stretch of imagination could have been likened 
to death-dealing missiles. 

"It was pageantry, it was pomp, it was pretty. Thank God it was 
peace! 

"Amidst the shouts of the people, the playing of the bands, and the 
glare of the fireworks the veterans ; cached Armory Hall and were cordially 
received and welcomed by the authorities. They were delighted with all 
they saw, and surprised at the ovation they received," 

Col. Orr responded in a fine short address, part of which appears at 
the head of this chapter. The procession then started for the station 
and the same account says:- 



152 



SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT 



"The following from the Richmond "Dispatch" will display their 
visit to the battle ground; the vSixty-first Regiment Pennsylvania Vet- 
erans, after the grand reception they received Friday night, slept sweetly, 
and Saturday morning when the last fringe of darkness was swept 
aw^ay by southern sunlight, the richness and brightness whereof had not 
been seen by the old veterans since the troublous days of war, they aroused 
themselves and prepared to set forth for the battlefield of Fair Oaks, as 
they call it, but Seven Pines in our mention hereabouts. They went 
down in private carriages, and in all numbered at least one hundred persons 
including the Grand Armiy men from Phila. Kearney Post and the veterans 
from Lee Cam. p. They roamed over the field gathering relics in the 
shape of bullets, buried muskets, battered canteens, buckles, and other 
things of m.ilitary life. A meeting was then organized on the identical 
cround ever which these brave boys in blue more than a score of years 
ago charged, m.any of them to death, and others to defeat. 

MAJOR-GENERAL E. D. KEYES. 

"This gallant commander of the Fourth army corps at the battle of 
Seven Pines addressed the veterans. He paid them a high compliment, 
alluding to the intrepid gallantry of the command, the hard fighting it did, 
the heavy loss it sustained, and declaring that no braver men ever faced 
death for the Union. He stated that his commiand lost at least one-half 
in killed and wounded at Seven Pines, and that it had achieved imperish- 
able renown by its deeds on the field. Three cheers and a tiger were given 
for the old Confederates. 

"A feeling and interesting paper prepared by the adjutant of the 
regiment. Lieutenant W. Gibson Miller, at the tim.e of the battle of Seven 

Pines was read. 

"Among the distinguished gentlemen present were Major-General 
E. D. Keyes, Colonel Robert L. Orr, Lieutenant Colonel Charles S. Greene, 
Major O. A. Parsons, Captain Jacob Creps, Captain W. J. Glenn and wife, 
Lieutenant R. B. McDowell and wife; A. T. Brewer, Esq., Cleveland, O.; 
Frank L. Blair; Lieutenant W. H. McClelland, Fifth Pennsylvania 
Heavy Artillery; Colonel J. H. Gray, One Hundred and Fifth Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers; Adjutant George Lacock, of the Fourteenth Regi- 
ment National Guard, Pennsylvania; Major W. J. Ryan, commander of 
State Fencibles, Philadelphia, Pa., and W. S. Rippey a brother of the old 
colonel of the Sixty-first alluded to above. 

"Late in the afternoon the veterans came back to Richmond, delighted 
with the m.anner in which the day had been passed." 

On the battlefield. Gen Keyes delivered a short address, saying among 
other things that he had attended no reunion since the war but had come 
from the Pacific coast to meet survivors of the 61st, as that regiment had 
.'.tood like the immortal Three Hundred under Leonidas at Thermopylae, 




COLONEL ROBERT L. ORR 
Mustered Out with the Regiment 



PENN S YL VA NI A VO LUN TEE RS 153 

holding back the rebels until other Union troops could get into position, 
thus helping to avert a great disaster in McClellan's army. 

The next time members of the Gist had a chance to see each other was 
on May 12, 1887, at Spottsylvania Court-house, when the memorial to 
Gen. Sedgwick was dedicated. This was a meeting of survivors of the 
6th corps for the unveiling of a modest monument marking the spot where 
the beloved commander fell on May 9, 18G4. Out of the fifty thousand 
men who served in the 6th corps during its history, about one thousand re- 
turned, with many of their families and friends, to pay honor to the illis- 
trious dead. On Wednesday evening. May 11, 1887, the 6th corps visitors 
were tendered a warm reception by the people of Fredericksburg, who, 
in co-operation with their guests, had arranged a meeting in a large audi- 
torium. The program of this meeting, printed in gold letters, de erves to 
be preserved and is here given as follows :- 

First page 

PROGRAM 

SEDGWICK MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, 

Fredericksburg, Va., May 11, 1887. 



Comrade William J. Wray, of Philadelphia, 
Late 23rd Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
Master of Ceremonies. 

2nd Page 

PROGRAM 

No. 1. Music by Eagle Cornet Band of Fredericksburg. 

No. 2. Address by Governor Ormsby, of Vermont. 

No. 3. George W. Johnson, Chairman Executive Committee, 

report on Finances and Expenditures. 
No. 5. Address by Colonel Andrew Cowan, of Louisville, Kentucky. 
No. 6. Address of Rev. J. P. Smith, of Stonewall Jackson's Staff. 
No. 7. Address by Adjutant-General Stryker, representing New 

Jersey. 
No. 8. Gen. James W. Latta, President of Association, address 
in words of thanks and humorous remarks. 



No. 


9. 


No. 


10, 


No. 


11, 



154 SIXT y-FIRS T REGIMENT 

3rd Page 

Comrade Kay, Philadelphia, Comicalities. 

Jubilee Singers of Fredericksburg — Plantation style. 
Address of Henry W. Knight, 7th Maine, representing rank 

and file. 
No. 12. J. W. Woltz, Esq., of Fredericksburg FREE LANCE, 

address representing the Press of the South. 
No. 13. Recitation by Master Harry Schmid, of Philadelphia, 

brevet comrade, Dutch Regulars, 98th Pennsylvania. 
No. 14. General Greenleaf, of Vermont, spoke for the Cavalry. 
No. 15. Jubilee Singers. 
No. 16. Cheers for Generals Wright, Getty and the Press and People 

of Fredericksburg. 
No. 17. Music during the evening by the Eagle Cornet Band, re- 
organized expressly for the visitation. 

4th Page 

"WE HAVE DRUNK FROM THE SAME CANTEEN" 

"We have shared our blankets and tents together; 
We have marched and fought in all kinds of weather; 

And hungry and full we have been; 
We had days of battle and days of rest, 
But the memory that clings to us best; 

We have drunk from the same canteen." 

—MILES O'REILY. 

Compliment of J. W. Woltz, Editor "Free Lance." 



The next morning. May 12, the visitors, in all kinds of vehicles, on 
horseback and afoot, started for Spotsylvania Court-house, twelve miles 
away, toward Richmond. The journey was most impressive, recalling 
the stirring scenes of 1863-64, and the battlefield, reached about ten o'clock, 
brought deathless memories of a terrific struggle. The dedication cere- 
mony, including reports, addresses and letters from invited guests unable 
to attend, showed how much real affection the survivors felt for "Uncle 
John vSedgwick," a true, loyal, brave modest soldier. A picnic dinner in 
the woods was provided and thoroughly enjoyed by the people from the 
north; then hours were spent going over the famous battlefield, interest 
centering in the part occupied by the 6tli corps and especially the celebrated 
"bloody angle," where the site of the oak tree cut down by minie-balls was 
a pond of water about forty feet in diameter, excavation having been made 



PE NN S YL VA K I A V LUN TEE R S 155 

by relic hunters for even roots of the tree. At this place earthworks, 
built by the rebels and taken by the Union Army, remained unchanged 
except the settling incident to the lapse of 28 years. Trees of all kinds 
had grown up through the embankments, and aside from the riflepits and 
redoubts, all signs of war had disappeared; apparently nature had acceler- 
ated her pace in order to obliterate the evidence of carnage and furnish 
a sylvan mantle for the field of human conflict. 

Generals Wright, Getty and others conspicuous in making the great 
record of the Gth corps, were present and received the heartiest g eeting 
from men they commanded. The long distance between a major general 
and a private soldier necessarily existing in war times was not observed 
on that field in 1887. The general and private were on equal terms of 
familiarity and cordiality. If the general was more interesting it was 
because he knew more from better opportunities than the private about 
the battle. 

Since the history of the 61st is so closely identified with the Gth corps 
it is proper to quote in this place as a last reference to that corps a state- 
ment from Col. Fox, page 79, whose admirable work has been so often 
referred to in this narrative. The 61st had a part in all the experiences 
mentioned : — 

"The history of the Gth corps, more than any other, is replete with 
fascinating interest. Its record is invested with more of the romance and 
brilliancy of war. There was the successful assault on Marye's Heights; 
the brilliant dash into the rifle pits at Rappahannock Station; the deadly 
hand-to-hand fight in the gloomy thickets of vSpottsylvania ; the breathless 
interest which attaches to their long fight at Fort Stevens, where, under 
the eye of the President, they saved the National Capitol from the hand 
of the invader; the victories in the Valley, with the dramatic incident at 
Cedar Creek; and the crowning success at the storming of Petersburg. 
Over all these scenes the Greek cross waved proudly on the banners of the 
corps, while its veteran legions wrought deeds which linked that badge 
with an unfading glory and renown." 

The next meeting of the 61st was on July 24, 1888, at Gettysburg, 
where its regimental monument was dedicated on Wolf's Hill. On that 
occasion many survivors of the 61st were present with their families. The 
visitors arrived the evening before and went over the field where so much 
hard fighting occurred on July 1st, 1863. The next day, July 24, the 
anniversary of the commission issued to Col. Rippey, starting early the 
company visited various places made memorable by the battle, such as 
Cemetery Ridge, the Peach Orchard, the Wheat Field, .he Devil's Den, 
Little Round Top, Gulp's Hill. Here the monument stood, covered with 
red, white and blue. At the unveiling, Col. Robt. L. Orr delivered a short 
and most impressive address, followed by the oration delivered by the 
author of this history, both address and oration appearing in "Penn- 
sylvania at Gettysburg", Vol. I, beginning on page 339. 



156 • SIXT Y-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 

The monument, Romanesque in design, is of light gray granite, nearly^ 
square, and consists of a base in two parts and a shaft with a cap, all about 
ten feet high. On the upper beveled part of the base is this inscription 
in raised letters :- 

"61st Penna. Infantry 
3d Brig. 2nd Div. 6th Corps." 

On the shaft above this inscription is the following: — 

"After a march of 37 miles Reached the field about 4 
P. M. July 2nd and moved to support of 12th Corps 
Occupied this position from morning of July 3d until 
close of battle." 

On each face of the cap is a Greek cross, the badge of the 6th corps. 

The Industrial School News, published at Scotland, Pa., under date 
of April 9, 1908, contains the names of members of the 61st to whom Con- 
gressional medals of honor, the highest recognition for bravery, have been 
awarded. The list is here given as printed, with the facts relating to each:- 

"Colonel Robert L. Orr, 61st Infantry. Two color bearers having 
been shot, he seized the colors and carried them at the head of the column in 
the assault at Petersburg, April 2, 1865. 

"Captain George W. Mindil, I, 61st Infantry. As an aide-de-camp 
led a charged at Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. 

"Captain Sylvester D. Rhodes, D, 61st Infantry. Was first to enter 
breastworks at Fisher's Hill, September 22, 1864, capturing a gun, and 
'turning it upon retreating enemy. 

"First Ueutenant Charles H. Clausen, H, 61st Infantry; although 
severely wounded at Spottsylvania, May, 1864 he led his command for- 
ward and saved a battery from capture. 

"Corporal John Fisher, C, 61st Infantry, carried regimental colors 
fifty yards in advance of his regiment, and being painfully wounded, 
attempted to crawl into the enemy's works at Petersburg, April 2, 1865. 

"Corporal John C. Matthews, A, 61st Infantry. Voluntarily took 
the colors whose bearer had been disabled, and although wounded him- 
self, carried the same until the enemy's works were taken, at Petersburg, 
April 2, 1865. 

"Private Milton Matthews, F, 61st Infantry, in hand-to-hand encount- 
er while capturing a Confederate flag he received two severe wounds at 
Petersburg, April 2, 1865." . 

At the Mongonahela House, Pittsburg, January 16, 1908, the 61st 
held its last reunion. About fifty survivors of the regiment were present 
many of them accompanied by members of their families. A large pro- 
portion of the men had not met since the war, and their greetings were of 



PENN S YL VA N I A V LUN TEERS 157 

Lhc heartiest kind. Old ir.eir.orics were discussed, and the banquet was 
thoroughly appreciated. 

At this meeting, pursuant to previous notice, a veteran regimental 
organization was formed, with a view of arranging for a history of the 
regiment. (Mcers of this new organization were elected as follows: — 
Capt. H. O. C. Oehmler, President. 
Major O. A. Parsons, Vice President. 
Col. W. J. Glenn, Treasurer. 
F. L. Blair, vSecretary. 
A. T. Brewer, Historian. 

Under the direction of the above officers the historical work was 
immediately planned and the historian began to collect and arrange the 
materials. vSomc of his difhculties are referred to in the preface. 

On August 27tli, Col. Wm. J. Glenn, the treasurer, died after a brief 
illness. This was an irreparable loss to the historical work, besides taking 
away one of the most interesting characters among the survivors of the 
regiment. Col. Glenn was not only a fine soldier, with a brilliant record, 
but he was a distinguished citizen and an unselfish and lovable friend. His 
interest in the historic work was intelligent and his efforts to aid the his- 
torian were tireless and sympathetic. 

Col. Glenn promised to prepare a history of the flags carried by the 
regiment during the war, but died before any progress was made in this 
patriotic labor of love. The following account of the flags, taken 
partly from a summary in Bates' History, prepared by Col. Orr, is beheved 
to be substantiall3^correct : — 

"The regiment received its first colors, an offering from citizens of 
Pittsburg, before proceeding to the field in 1861. Later, at Camp Advance, 
another flag was presented, to which reference is made in the first chapter. 
At the battle of Fair Oaks, ISIay 31, 1862, this flag was torn to shreds by 
the enemy's fire, and was sent, with the body of Col. Rippey to Pittsburg, 
his former home. The second flag was presented on behalf of the State, 
and was carried in all the rough service of the regiment until vSeptember, 
1864, when, having become much torn and mutilated, it was sent to Harris- 
burg, and immediately the regiment received from the Governor a new 
one to supply its place." These new colors, with a beautiful flag presented 
in January, 1865, by citizens of Philadelphia, were carried until the war 
ended. A contemporary newspaper, referring to the latter flag, says:— 

"A number of citizens have had manufactured a magnificent flag 
for presentation to the 61st regiment. It is made of heavy silk; one side 
contains an elaborate painting of the coat of arms of Pennsylvania, and the 
reverse a beautiful representation of an American Eagle. The flag contains 
the following inscription, 'PRESENTED BY THE CITIZENS OF 
PHILADELPHIA TO THE SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYL- 
VANIA VOLUNTEERS FOR GALLANT CONDUCT THROUGHOUT 
THE WAR.' The names of the principal battles in which the regiment 



158 



SIXT Y-FIRS T REG I MEN T 



took an active part, are inscribed on the flag. Among which are Marye's 
Heights, Fair Oaks, Washington, D.C., Malvern Hill, Winchester, Antie- 
tam. Cedar Creek, and Wilderness. This flag is safe from dishonor in the 
hands of the Sixty-first." 



FINALLY. 

The Sixty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers never failed 
to perform any duty assigned to them. Never lost a 
color, but captured several. 




roster of the 
6 1 ^ Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers 



FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. 



NAME. 



Oliver H. Rippey . 
George C. Spear. . 

George F. vSmith. 
John W. Crosby. . 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



.Col.... July 
.Col Aug. 



24, 1861 



3 Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 



Robert L. Orr. 



2, 1861 3 Maj. 23d P. V.— Promoted from Lt. Col. 
to Col. June 1, 1862 — Prisoner at 
Fair Oaks and killed at Marye's 
Heights, May 3, 1863. 



Col.... Aug. 2, 1861 



U. Col... 



Sept. 



1861 



.Col.. ..Aug. 21, 1861 



Frank P. Robinson. 
Charles S. Greene. . 



George W. Dawson 



Lt. Col... 

Lt. Col... Aug. 



21, 1861 



Major.. Aug. 1, 1861 3 



Capl. Co. B, 49th P. V.— Promoted from 
Maj. to Lt. Col., June 1, 1862— to 
Col., Mar. 21, 186-1 — mus. out Sept. 
7, 1864 — expir. of term — re-com. Sept. 
29, 1864 — disch. by special order, 
April 20, 1865. 

Promoted from Co. G. to Maj. April 
22, 1864— Wounded at Wilderness 
May 6, 1864,— at Fort Stevens, July 
12, 1864; — mustered out Dec. 15, 

1864. Re-com. Lt. Col. Feb. 22, 
1865 Killed at Petersburg, April 2, 
1865. 

Co. O, 23d P. v.— Transferred to 61st 
P. v.. Mar 1, 1862. Major Dec. 18, 
1864.— Lieutenant-Col. May 14, 1865. 
— Brevetted Major. LT. S. Vol. Sept. 
22, 1864, for gallant and meritorious 
services in the battles of Winchester 
and Fisher Hill, \'a. Col. April 21, 

1865, for gallant and meritorious ser- 
vices in the assault before Peters- 
burg, Va. Awarded a medal of honor. 
Died Nov. 14, 1894. 

Never Commissioned. 

Promoted from Capt. Co. C. to Lt. 
Col. May 15, 1865.— Wounded at 
Winchester, Va. Sept. 19, 1864— 
Mus. out with regiment, June 28, 
1865. 

Promoted from Capt. Co. C. to Maj., 
Dec. 1, 1862;— Com. Lt. Col., May 
4, 1863;— Not Mus.— Disch. April 16. 
1864. 



160 



SIXT Y-FIRS T RE CI MEN T 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



Oliver A. Parsons. 



Major. . Sept. 2, 1861 



W. Gibson Miller Adj. 



George W. Wilson . 



Adj. 



Aug. 1, 1861 



Sept. 2, 1801 



Augustus R. Seiler. . . . ' . .Adj Sept. 



Promoted from 1st Sgt. to 2d Lt., April 
19, 1864; to 1st Lt., Oct. 1, 1864; to 
Capt., Nov. 30, 1864; to Major, May 
14, 1865. — Wounded at Spottsylvania 
May 18, 1864 and at Petersburg, 
April 2, 1865. Mus. out June 28, 
1865. — Brevetted Major for gallantry 
at assault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865. 
Prisoner at Fair Oaks; — Veteran. 

Promoted from 2d. Lt. Co. E. to 1st Lt. 
and Adjt. vSept. 7, 1861. — Discharged 
—Mar. 11, 1863. 

Promoted from 1st Lt. Co. H. to Adjt. 
Mar. 11, 1863;— killed at Spottsvl- 
vania C. H. May 8, 1864. 



4, 1861! 3 Promoted from 2d. Lt. Co. F. to 1st 
Lt. and Adj. April 6, 1865; mus. out 
with regiment June 28, 1865. 



Benj. W. Baldwin. 



Chas. F. Kennedy. 



Robert M. Tindlc. 
George R. Lewis . 



.Q. M... Aug. 1, 1861 



Q. M. ..Aug. 21, 1861 3 



Ambrose J. Herr 

Jas. B. Frceland 

John W. Riddle . . . . 



Surg.. . . Sept. 
.Surg.... Aug. 



A't. Sur.. 

A't. Sur.. 
A't. Sur.. 



14, 1861 
1, 1862 



Sept. 7. 1861 



Sept. 
Sept. 



17, 1862' 3 
12, 1862 



Jas. A. McFaddcn, . . . A't. vSur.. April 1, 1803 



Mus. out Sept. 6, 1864 — expir. of term. 



Promoted from 1st Lt. Co. C. to Q. M. 
Dec. 18, 1864; — Mus. out with regi- 
ment June 28, 1865. 

Resigned Aug. 19, 1863. 

Promoted from Ass't Surg. 51th P. V., 

Sept. 18, 1863.— Mus. out with Regt. 

June 28, 1865. 

Promoted to Surg. 68th P. V., Sept. 13, 
1862. 

Resigned Jan. 11, 1863. 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — Expiration of 
term. 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Expiration of 
term. 



Wm. W. Kirlin 


A't. Sur.. 


Dec. 


18, 1864 


3 


Mus. out with Regt. June 28, 1865. 


Jonathan Fulton 


Chap"n. . 


Aug. 


1, 1862 




Resigned. 


W. R. Stockton 


Chap'n... 


April 


13, 1862 


3 


Resigned Sept. 26, 1862. 


A. G. C. Calhoun 


vSr. Maj.. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Promoted from Sergt. Co. E, Jan. 8, 
1865;— Mus. out with Regt. June 28, 
1865.— Veteran. 


Lsrael Gray. 


Sr. Maj. 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Wounded at Fredericksburg May 3, 1863 




and at Spottsylvania, May 1864. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEE RS 



161 



NAME. 


RANK. 


DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 


< 

w 
>< 

1 

% 

Qi 
W 
H 


REMARKS. 


David M'Claiu 


Sr. Maj. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Promoted to 1st Lt. Co. K., Jan. 1, 
1863. 


R. R. Lippincott 


Sr. Maj. 


Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Promoted to 1st Lt. Co. I., Sept. 1, 
1863. 


William Lathrop 


Sr. Maj. 


Sept. 


2, 1861 


3 


Promoted to 2d Lt. Co. D. Jan. 8, 1865; 
— Veteran. 


Jeremiah H. Murphy. . 


Sr. Maj. 


Aug. 


21, 1861 


3 


Killed at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. P.). 
1864.— Veteran. 


John Caldwell 


Sr. Maj. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Promoted from Sr. Maj. to 2d. Lt., 
April 19, 1864;— Disch. Oct. 1864, for 
wounds rec'd. July 12, 1864. 


Robert Dickson 


Q. M. S. 


Sept. 


2, 1862 


3 


Promoted to Quartermaster Sergt. Dec. 
22d, 1864;— Disch. by Gen. Orr. 
June 20, 1865. 


George F. Lutz 


Q. M. S. Aug. 

1 


21, 1861 


3 


Promoted to 1st Lt. Co. G, Dec. 22, 
1864; — Veteran. 


John C. Armor 


Cm. Sr. 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Promoted from Priv. Co. A, Sept. 4, 
1864; — Mus. out with Regt. June 28, 
1864;— Veteran. 


Jacob. Sanders 


Coin. Sr. 


Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Mus. out Sept 7, 1864; — Expir. of term. 


William Clowes 


H'p. St. 


Sept. 


9, 1861 


3 


Promoted from Priv. Co. E. 63d. P. V. 
Mar. 31, 1862;— Mus. out with Regt. 
June 28, 1865. — Veteran. 


Woodman Sample .... 


PI. Muc. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Mus out with Regt. June 28, 1865. 
Veteran. 


William R. Taylor... 


PI. Muc. 


Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Mus. out Sept, 7, 1864, — Expir. of term. 


Charles. Little 


PI. Muc . 


Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — Expir. of term. 



Note :— 

Lieut. Col Frank Vallce, 82d. Pennsylvania Vols, commanded the 61st from June 3 1862 
to Sept. 22, 1862. 



162 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 



COMPANY A. 

RECRUITED IN INDIANA COUNTY. 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE 



REMARKS. 



Jacob Creps, . 



Robert L. Orr 

Davis A. Lukehart. . . . 

John Pollock 



Frank M. Brown. . . 
Charles H. Clausen . 



Capt.... 

. .Capt... 
, .Capt... 



1st Lt... 

,1st. U.. 
,1st. Lt.. 



Aug. 1, 1861 



Aug. 
Aug. 



George R. Coleman .... 1st. Lt.. 
i 

George. H. Shanafelt...! . 1st. Lt.. 

George. W. Brady ....!. 2d. Lt. . 
Isaac N. Price 2d. Lt. . 



Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 



Joseph H. Clark 2d. Lt.. Aug 



Wm. L. Buchanan 1st. S'rt. 



James M. Chambers 1st. S'rt 



Frank Donohue. . . 
Benj. F. Rowland.. 



A. T. Br 



James M. Aycrs. 
Wm. G. Smith . . 



Sergt. . . 
Sergt... 

Sergt. . . 

Sergt. . . 
Sergt... 



Aug. 



Aug. 
Aug. 



Aug. 
Sept. 



21, 1801 

22, 1861 



Aug. 1, 1861 



22, 1861 

21, 1861 

21, 1861 
1, 1861 

1, 1861 

22, 1861 

21, 1861 

22, 1861 



Aug. 21, 1861 



22, 1861 
22, 1801 



Aug. 22, 1861 



22, 1861 
1, 1862 



Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Exp. of term. 
Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862, and at 
Banks Ford, May 4, 186:1 

Transferred from Co. H, Sept. 1864.— 
Promoted to Maj. Dec. 18, 1864. 

Veteran. Promoted to 2d Lt. Dec. 15, 
1864; to 1st Lt. April 5, 1865; to Capt. 
A'ril 19, 1865. Mus. out June 28, 
1805. Wd. Fair Oaks, Fredericks- 
burg, Spottsylvania, Cedar Creek. 

Died at Portsmouth, June 1.3, 1802 of 
wounds received at Fair Oaks, Mav 
31, 1802. 

Promoted from 1st Sergt. June 15, 1862. 
Killed at Wilderness, May 0, 1804. 

Transferred from Co. H. Wd. at Spott- 
sylvania, May 12, 1804. Promoted 
to Capt. Co. E. Oct. 1, 1804. 

Transferred from Co. H. Promoted 
from 1st Sergt. to 1st Lt. Nov. 14, 
1804. Mus. out Mar. 14, 1865. 

Promoted from Sergt. to 2nd Lt. 
April 4, 1865; to 1st Lt. April 19, 
1865. Mus. out with Co. June 28, 
1865.- Veteran. 

Resigned July 30, 1862. Wd. at Fair 
Oaks. 

Promoted to 2d Lt. Aug. 16, 1862. Died 
at Charlestown Aug. 21, 1864 from 
wounds received at Welch's Spring 
the same day. 

Promoted from 1st Sergt. to 2d. Lt. 
April 19, 1865. Mus. out with 
Co. June 28, 1865. Veteran. 

Promoted 1st Sergt. June 13, 1862. 
Wd. at Ft. Stevens July 12, 1864— 
losing arm. Discharged Oct. 18, 1864 
on surgeon's certificate. 

Promoted to 1st Sergt. April 5, 1865. 
Mus. out with Co. June 28, 1865. 
Veteran. 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — exp. of term. 
Wd. at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. 

Wd. at Fair Oaks— Killed at Spottsyl- 
vania May 12, 1804, while voluntarily 
helping to man a battery at Bloody 
Angle. 

Mus. out Sept. 10, 1804— exp. of term. 
Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1802. 
Retd. to Regt Aug. 27, 1802. 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1804 — exp. of term. 
Wd. at Wilderness May, 1804. 

Mus. out by special order June 20, 1805. 
Wd. at Wilderness. 



PEN.NSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



163 







DATE OF MUSTER 


i 

< 

w 
> 




NAME. 


RANK. 


IfiTO SERVICE. 




REMARKS. 


Abraham. Davis 


. Sergt. . . 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Promoted to 2d. Lt. Co. G. Dec. 22, 
1864. Veteran. Wd. at Spottsyl- 
vania. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 


James H. Stewart 


.Sergt... 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Killed at Petersburg, Va. Mar. 27, 1865. 


John C. Mathews 


Sergt.... 


Feb. 


13, 1864 


3 


Wd. at Cedar Creek. Mus. out June 28, 
1865. Awarded inedal for bravery 
at Petersburg April 2, 1865, and com- 
mended in Gen. Getty's report. 


Nathaniel S. Tozer, . . . 


.Sergt.. . 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Mus. out June 28, 1865. Veteran. 


Wm. H. Mott 


.Sergt... 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Mus. out June 28, 1865. Veteran. 


Zach. T. Chambers. . . 


.Sergt. . 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Mus. out with Co. June 28, 1865. 
Veteran. 


Lemuel Brady 


.Sergt... 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Wd. at Fair Oaks and Fredericksburg. 
Killed at vSpottsylvania May 8, 1864. 


Israel Gray 


.Sergt.. . 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Wd. at Fredericksburg May 3, 1863 
and at Spottsylvania, May, 1864. 
Promoted to Sergt. Mai. Mus. out 










Sept. 7, 1864. 


Edw. R. Robinson. . . . 


Corp 


Sept. 


2, 1862 


3 Promoted to Sergt. in Co. F. 


John T. Warden 


.Corp.... 


Sept. 


10, 1862 


3 Disch. by general order June 20, 1865. 


Israel D. Spencer, 


Corp.... 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 Disch. on surgeon's certificate May 15, 












1865. Veteran. Wd. Fair Oaks, 












Wilderness and Cedar Creek. 


Peter W. Dilts 


.Corp... . 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Mus. out Sept 7, 1864. Taken prisoner 




at GettyslDurg. 


Thos. C. Thompson. . . 


.Corp.... 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Wd. at Wilder- 


Peter Keel 


.Corp.... 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


ncss. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Wd. at Fort 




Stevens. 


Luther Richards 


.Corp.... 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Wd. at Fair 
Oaks and Spottsylvania. 


Alexander Streams. . . . 


.Corp.... 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Wd. at Spott- 
sylvania. Acted as volunteer color 
guard. 


William Fillmore 


.Corp.... 


July 


14, 1863 


3 


Mus. out June 28, 1865. 


Isaac Helman 


..Corp... 


Feb. 
Feb. 


19. 1864 
29, 1864 


3 
3 


Mus. out June 28, 1865. Wd. at Wilder- 


William Stahl 


..Corp... 


ness 
Mus out June 28, 1865 Wd. at Spott- 






sylvania. Sunstroke on march to 












Fort Stevens July 1864. 


Wm. Ober 


..Corp... 


Feb. 
Aug. 
Aug. 


25, 1864 

2, 1861 

22, 1861 


3 
3 
3 


Mus. out June 28, 1865. 


Peter Fenogina 


. .Corp.. . 


Mus. out June 28, 1865. 


Joseph Rager 


. .Corp. . . 


Mus. out June 28, 1865. Wd. at Fair 






Oaks and Spottsylvania. 


Samuel Driver 


..Corp... 


Aug. 
Aug. 


21, 1861 

22, 1861 


3 
3 


Mus. out June 28, 1865. Veteran. 


Henry V. Stewart 


.Corp... 


Wd. at Fair Oaks. May 31, 1862; Pris- 




■*^-^M. ^J. . . 


oner at Banks Ford, May 4, 1863; Kill- 












ed at Wilderness, May 5, 1864; In 


/ 










Wilderness burial ground. 


George S^wel 


..Corp... 


Aug. 

Aug. 


21, 1861 

22, 1861 


3 
3 


Wd. Aug. 19, 1864. Veteran. 


Andrew Pearce, 


. .Corp.. . 


Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862, and 






disch. on account of his injuries. 


John R. Stumpf 


..Corp... 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Wd. Spottsylvania and discharged from 






hospital. 


Wm. Weaver 


..Corp... 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862, and 






died on the field. 


Thomas H. Brewer... . 


..Corp... 


Aug. 


22, 1861 


3 


Wd. at Antietam, Sept. 18, 1862; Disch. 
Jan. 1863 by reason of his wounds. 



164 



SI XTY-FIRS T REG I MEN T 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Alex. S. Work Corp. . . 

John C. Armor Cm S't . 

Woodman Sample. . . . [Musician 
John Snyder Musician 

James Miles Walker... Musician 



Samuel. Lyon. 



Aikens, G 

Albright, Christian. . 
Allison, Andrew B.,. 



Allison, Wm. A.,. 
Allison, J. E.,.. . 



Alexander, Jamison 

Altebrand, Fulbert . 

Anderson Thomas,. . 

Baker, John S 

Bark, Joseph, 

Barnett, Samuel, . . . 



Barr, Samuel, . 



Beckley, John H.,... 
Bee, Daniel H 



Black, James K.,. . 
Bowen, Philip, .... 
Brayman, Silas L.,. 

Brady, Hugh, 

Brady, Isaac V.,. . . 



Brewer, James E.,. 



Musician 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 



Private.. July 
Private. July 
Private. Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 



Private. 
, Private, 



Private. Sept. 

Private.! Aug. 

Private. 'Aug. 
, Private. Feb. 
. Private. July 
. Private. Feb. 



Private 

Private. 
Private. Aug 



July 



Private.! Aug. 
. Private. Feb. 
. Private. Aug. 
. Private. 

Private. 



Aug. 
Aug. 



22 1861 
22, 1861 

1, 1861 3 

i 
22, 1861 3 

22, 1861 



Aug. 1, 1861 



14, 
14, 
22, 

22, 

22, 

1, 
22, 
22, 

le! 

16, 

25, 



1863 
1863 
1861 

1862 

1861 



1862 

1861 

1861 
1865 
1863 
1864 



Aug. 22, 1861 



16, 
'29. 



22 
25^ 
21. 
22, 
22' 



1863 
1861 



1861 
1864 
1861 
1861 
1861 



Private. Aug. 21, 1862 



Brewer, Daniel B., Private. Aug. 

Brewer, Charles M.,... I . Private. lAug. 



1862 
1861 



Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. Mus. 
out Sept. 7, 1864. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. Wd. at Wilder- 
ness. Retd. to Regt. June 6, 1864. 

Veteran. Promoted to principal Musi- 
cian Sept. 4, 1864. 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Served vol- 
untarily in seven days battles and was 
Regt. Mail Carrier. 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Served vol- 
untarily in ranks with gun in seven 
days battles. Wd. twice at Malvern 
Hill. 



Killed Spottsylvania May 12, 1864. 

Wd. Sept. 19, 1864, Cedar Creek. 

Died near Alexandria, Va. Feb. 11, 1862. 
Body sent horhe. 

Promoted to Sergt. Co. F. Nov. 1., 1864. 
Di.sch. by general order June 20, 1865. 

Wd. at Fair Oaks and Wilderness. Mus 
out Sept. 7, 1864. Killed the rebel 
who killed Sergt. Brady in night 
fight May 8, 1864. 

Disch. on Surgeon's certificate June 
20, 1865. 

Wd. at Fredericksburg and transf. to 
veteran reserve corps. 

Wd. at Fair Oaks and discharged. 

Disch. by general order June 3, 1865. 

Drafted. Absent, sick, at Mus out. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. Wd. at Wilder- 
ness. 

Died at Portsmouth Grove, Aug. 23, 
1862. 

Drafted. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Was one of five from Co. A. who vol- 
unteered to man a battery at Bloody 
Angle, Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864 
and the only one that returned unhurt. 
Wd. at Fort Stevens, July 12, 1864, 
losing leg. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. Veteran. 

Killed July 12, 1864 at Fort Stevens. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Wd. at Fair Oaks, then disch. 

Wd. at Fair Oaks. Retd. to Regt. Sept. 
1862, Killed at Wilderness, May 6, 
1864. 

Wounded in charge on Marye's Heights, 
May 3, 1863; Prisoner in Libby from 
Mar. 30 to Apr. 2. 1865; Disch. by 
G. O. June 3, 1865. 

Mus. out special order June 20, 1865. 

Disch. June 1862, for disability. 



PENNS YL VA NI A VO LUN TEE R S 



165 



NAME. 



DATE OP MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Brewer, John M.,. 



Brogan, Samuel. 
Brown, John D.,. 
Brown, John H.,. 



Burton, Joseph N. 



Cameron, John C. 
Campbell, Eli J., . 



Private. 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

Private. 



Private. 
. Private. 



Aug. 22, 1S61 



Oct. 
Feb. 
Aug. 



Canton, John 

Cause, Charles, ... 
Cessna, Charles W 

Coy, George 

Craig, Robert A., . 



Craven, Rol:)ert, . . . . 
Crawford, A. S., . . . - 

Crawford, James L. 



Crayton, Elias.. 
Curts, Geo. A., , 



. Private. 
Private 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 



Private. 
, Private. 



Aug. 
Aug. 



Oct. 

April 

Aug. 

Mar. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 



Pxlvate.Aug. 



Custer, Peter F., . 
Davis, David H., , 



Davis, Marion M.,.. 
Daymen, Ebcn'r. C. 



Derby, Wm. S. 
Dick, Andrew,. 



Dick, John N., . . . 
Dickson, Robert, . 



Dodson, Joseph S. 

Donahue, James, . 
Donahue, Wm., . 



Duff, George,.. 
Dunn, Milton,. 



Ellis, Aseph A.,. 
Ellis, John, .... 



Private. 
Private. 

Private. 
Private. 

Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

Private. 
Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

.Private. 
. Private. 



Oct. 

Aug. 

Feb. 
Sept. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Feb. 



Feb. 
vSept. 



Aug. 
Aug. 

Oct.. 

Feb. 

Aug, 
Feb. 



31, 
25, 

9 



18G4 
1864 
1862 



July 16, 1S63 



22, 

09 



10, 
22, 

22, 

22, 

90 



Sept. 10 



1861 
1861 



1864 
1865 
1861 
1864 
1861 

1861 

1862 



1861 



1864 
1862 

1864 
1861 

1861 
1861 

1861 

1864 

1864 
1862 

1862 

1861 
1861 

1864 

1864 

1861 
1864 



Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862 and 
disch. Reenlisted in 105 P. V. and was 
1st Sergt. Co. F. Wd. and disabled at 
Hatcher's Run, 1864. 
1 jMus. out June 28, 1865. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Mus. out special order June 20, 1865. 
Wd. at Wilderness. 

Disch. by general order June 3, 1865. 
Taken prisoner. Wd. at Spottsyl- 
vania. 

Disch. for disability. 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Wd. at Rap- 
pahaimock Station, Nov. 7, 1863. 
Received other wounds. 

Died at City Point, Va. Feb. 1, 1865. 

Deserted-date unknown. 

Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Died near Alexandria, Va. Nov. 1, 1S61, 
and body sent home. 

Disch. for disability in 1862. Re-enlist- 
ed and was 1st Sergt. Co. A. 206 P. V. 

Discharged for disability Jan. 1863. Re- 
inlisted in 205 P. Y. and served until 
war ended. 

Wd. at Fair Oaks and disch. Sub- 
sequently re-inlisted in 205 P. V. of 
which he became Adjutant. Mus. out 
with that Regt. 

Substitute. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Disch. on surgeon's certificate, April 
20, 1865. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Promoted to Sergt. Co. F. Nov. 1, 1864. 
Mus. out Jan. 28, 1865. 

Wd. at Fair Oaks and disch. 

Died near Alexandria, Va., April 
1863. 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Wd. at Mal- 
vern Hill, July, 1862. 

Transferred to \^eteran Reserve Corps, 
Oct. 19, 1864 by reason of wound in 
leg at Spottsylvania. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Trans, to Co. B, becoming Q. M. Dec. 
22, 1864. 

Mus. out by general order June 20, 
1865. 

Wd. at Fair Oaks and disch. 

Wd. at Fair Oaks and died on the field 
June 2, 1862. 

Discharged by general order May 30, 
1865. 

Died Mar. 30, 1864, buried in Arlington 
Cemetery, Washington, D. C. 
3 Mus. out June 28, 1865. Veteran. 
3 Killed at Fort Stevens, July 12, 1864. 



166 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



Ellis, Orlando A., 



Fairbanks, E. W. 
Fries, Hans, 



Gibson. Samuel, 
Ginther, George, 



Grim, Isaac, . . 
Hart, Charles,. 



Harman, Alexander,.. 



Harper. John, . . . 
Hazlett, John,. . . 
Helman, Daniel, 



Harbison, John, . . 
Hewctt, Wm .H.,. 

Hill, John H 

Hill, John I.,... . 

Hone, J., 

Hoover, Joseph, . . 



Horn, Perry E., • 



Horton, John, . . . . 
Howe, Alexander, 



Johnson, William . 
Justice. Peter S. . . 



Private. 



Fairbanks, R. W., Private 



Aug. 22, 1861 3 



Aug. 22, 1861 



Huckle, Frederick,. . 
Jamison, James T.,.. 



Jamison. Robert, .... 
Johnson, John C.,... . 



Private 
Private 



Private 
Private 



Aug. 

Sept. 

Feb. 
Sept. 



Private. Feb. 
Private. Feb. 



Helman, Jacob K., Private 



, Private. 

.Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 



22, 

1, 

25, 
4, 



15, 
25. 



Nov. 

Mar. 
Feb. 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

Private. 



Private 
Private 

, Private 

. Private. 

. Privatel 
. Private. 



Aug. 
April 
April 
Nov. 

Feb. 

Aug. 

Oct. 
Feb. 

July. 

Feb. 

Aug. 
Feb. 



Private 
Private 



Aug. 
Aug. 



1861 

1863 

1864 
1861 



1865 
1864 



Aug. 22. 1861 



26, 
3, 

2. 



1862 
1865 
1864 



Feb. 2. 1864 



22, 

4, 

10, 

14, 

25, 

22, 



24, 

Or, 



25, 

22, 
25, 



REMARKS. 



1861 
1864 
1864 
1864 

1864 

1861 

1864 
1864 

1863 

1864 

1861 
1864 



22, 
22 



1861 
1861 



Wd. at Fair Oaks — Prisoner 3 mo. ; Wd. 
at Fredericksburg, May 3, 1863; Wd. 
at Wilderness, May 6, 1864, losing 
arm. Disch. Feb. 9, 1865. 
Killed July 12, 1864 at Fort Stevens and 
buried in Arlington Cemetery, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. One 

of five brothers all in the service. 
Disch. on surgeon's certificate. May 4, 

1865. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Trans, from Co. H. Captured in Wilder- 
ness, May 6, 1864. Never heard 
from. Veteran. 
Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Died at Alexandria, Va. June 11, 1864. 
Grave in National Cemetery there; 
is number 2089. 
Died at Philadelphia, Pa., May 28, 

1864, from wd. at Wilderness. 
Wd. at Wilderness, May 5, 1864. 
Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps, Dec. 
1, 1864. Wd. in thigh at Spottsyl- 
vania. 
Disch. by general order June 5, 1865. 

Wd. in Wilderness. 
Wd. at Spottsylvania and then disch. 
Mus. out. June 28, 1865. 
Deserted July 11, 1864. 
Deserted. 

Died at Portsmouth, Va. June 10, 1862, 
Mus. out June 28, 1865. Wd. at Wilder- 
ness. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Wd. in the 
Wilderness. Afterward was 2d. 
Lt. Co. B. 74 P. V. 
Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Mus out June 28, 1865. Wd. at Wilder- 
ness. 
Drafted; discharged on surgeon's cer- 
tificate May 13, 1863. 
Missing at Spottsylvania C. H. May 12, 

1864; never heard from. 
Died near Alexandria, Va. Jan. 10, 1862. 
Wd. at Spottsylvania May 10, 1864. 
piece of a shell carrying away left 
ear part of cheek and most of teeth. 
He showed extraordinary courage and 
vitality while suffering in the field and 
in the hospital. Afterward flesh taken 
from his arm was made to grow over 
his cheek covering the bones exposed 
by the wound. He is still living. 
Mus. out from hospital. 
Wd. at Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864 and 
discharged. 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



167 







DATE OF MUSTER 


< 
w 
>< 

s 
w 




NAME. 


RANK. 


INTO SERVICE. 


REMARKS. 


Kaufman, John L.,... . 


. Private. 


Oct. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Died at City Point, Va. April 29, 1865. 


Keel, John R 


.Private. 


Aug. 


21, 


1862 


3 


Disch. on surgeon's certificate May 30, 

1865. 
Wd. at Fair Oaks, never found or heard 


Kinter, Thos. Wilson.. 


.Private. 


Aug. 


22, 


1861 


3 














from. Probably killed on field after 














first wound as battle raged over place 














where he fell. 


Kurtz, Geo. A 


. Private. 


Aug. 


21, 


1862 


3 


Wd. severely in leg at Wilderness and 
disch. on surgeon's certificate. 


Lemon, Nathan W. . . . 


. Private. 


Feb. 


23, 


1864 


3 


Died Mar. 8, 1864. Buried at Peters- 
burg, Va. 


Lemon, Thomas A.. . . 


.Private. 


Aug. 


2, 


1861 


3 


Wd. in foot at Seven Pines, June 27, 
1862; taken prisoner at Savage Station 
Va. and paroled. Wd. at Spotts- 
sylvania. May 10 and 12, 1864, dying 
from latter at Fredericksburg, Va. 


Lippincott, Wm 


. Private. 


Sept. 


2, 


1861 


3 


Trans, from Co. D. Mus. out June 28, 
1865. Veteran. 


Lockard, Josiah 


.Private. 


Feb. 


23, 


1864 


3 


Missing at Spottslyvania, May 12,1864. 


Loughrey, Daniel 


. Private. 


Feb. 


15, 


1865 


3 


Mus. out June 28, 1865. 


Lutz, Geo. K 


. Private. 


Aug. 


21, 


1861 


3 


Promoted to Quarter-Master vSergt. 
Sept. 4, 1864. 


Lynch, James 


.Private. 


Aug. 


21, 


1861 


3 


Absent in arrest at Mus. out Veteran. 


Lydick, Frank L 


.Private. 


Aug. 


22 


1861 


3 


Taken prisoner at Banks Ford May 4, 
1863. Paroled. Mus. out vSept. 7, 1864 


Lydick, Irwin 


.Private. 


Feb. 


25, 


1864 


3 


Disch. by general order May 22, 1865. 
Wd. in leg at Spottsylvania. and at 
Petersburg, 


McCoy, Samuel W 


. Private. 


Feb. 


25, 


1864 


3 


Mus. out June 28, 1865. 


McCullough, David, . . 


.Private. Aug. 


22, 


1861 


3 


Disch. for disability Aug. 1862. 


McCullough, John,... . 


. Private. Feb. 


25. 


1864 


3 


Disch. by general order June 9, 1865 by 














reason of disability. 


McDonald, John 


. Private. 


Feb. 


25, 


1864 


3 


Deserted July 30, 1864. Says he did 
not desert. 


McGinty, Wm. C.,.. .. 


. Private. 


Aug. 


22, 


1861 


3 


Disch. for disability. 


McKay. David E 


.Private. 


July 


17, 


1863 


3 


Drafted-deserted July 24, 1864. 


McManus, Samuel, . . . 


. Private. 


Feb. 


25. 


1864 


3 


Died at Alexandria, Va. June I, 1864, 
(Grave No. 1987), from wds. received 
at the Wilderness. 


McPherson, Joseph,. . . 


. Private. 


vSept. 


10, 


1862 


3 


Discharged by special order June 20, 
1865. Wd. at vSpottsylvania and at 
Cedar Creek, being disabled. 


McQuown, A. B., 


. Private. 


Aug. 


22 


1861 


3 


Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 


AIcQuown, W. L.,. . . . 


. Private. 
.Private. 


Aug. 
Sept. 


22' 
2, 


1861 
1864 


3 
1 


Disch. for disabilities Jime, 1862, 


Mangus, Jacob, 


Drafted; disch. bv general order June 
20, 1865. 


Merus, Joseph, 


.Private. 
. Private. 


Sept. 
Feb. 


1, 

21, 


1862 
1864 


3 
3 


Deserted Feb. 25, 1865. 


Miller, Amos A., 


Wd. at Wilderness, in arm. 


Mock, Daniel, 


. Private. 


Feb. 


25, 
22, 


1864 
1861 


3 
3 


Mus. out June 28, 1865. 


Moore, Alexander, .... 


. Private. Aug. 


Wd. at Fort Stevens, July 12, 1864; 














foot amputated; died and body sent 














home and buried at Gilgal, Indiana Co 
Pa., 
On May 12, 1864, at Bloody Angle 


Moot, Martin, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


21, 


1862 


3 




Spottsylvania, he volunteered to help 














serve a battery whose gunners had all 














been killed or wd. and was himself 














killed. 



168 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 



NAME. 



Moore, Thomas M. 
Mott, Geo. B., . . . . 



Myers, Samu 1 L.,. 
Neil, James, 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Private. 'Aug. 

Private.] Aug. 

, Private. Oct. 
Private. 'May 



Neil, James S., ! . Private. 'Aug. 

Neil, Benjamin, | . Private. 'Aug. 

Nell, Abram P., ! . Private.! Aug. 

North, N. S., Private. Aug. 



Palmer, Daniel, 

Patterson, Frank M.,. 



Pierce, James T., Private. 



Private. 
Private. 



Feb. 
July 



Pollock, Hugh S., 1 . Private. 

Postlewait, Thos. J.,. .! .Private. 

Price, David, . Private. 

Replogle, Daniel . Private. 

Riddle, David P., . Private. 



Robb, James, . 



Rodgers, Thomas, . 
Row, John M 



Sample, Woodman, . 
Short, James C.,. . . . 



Short, John, 

Smith, Edward, . 
Smith, James S.,. 
Smith, Wm., .... 



Stahl, Jonathan,. 
vStahl. Wm. B.... 
Stanley, Wm. H. 



Stewart, John A.,. 



Shaffer, Wm, . 



Private 

Private. 
Private. 



Private. . 
Private 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

Private 
Private. 
Private. 



Private, 



Aug. 
Aug. 



Jan 
Aug. 



Sept. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
April 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Aug. 



Stoy, Peter, 

Stuchel, Christopher. 



. Private 



Private 
Private 



Feb. 
Oct. 



21, ISGl 2 

22, 1861 3 



26, 
17, 
22, 

22, 
22, 
2l! 



15, 
14, 



1864 
1864 
1861 

1861 
1861 
1862 



1865 
1863 



Aug. 22, 1861 



22, 
2l', 



1861 
1862 



Aug. 22, 1861 



25, 
22. 



1864 
1861 



Sept. 9, 1861 



1, 
22, 



1, 
22. 



22, 
22, 

3, 
25. 
22. 



1862 
1861 

1861 
1861 

1861 
1864 
1861 
1861 

1864 
1864 
1861 



Aug. 21, 1862 



Aug. 22, 1861 



4, 
24. 



1864 
1861 



Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Wd. at Fair 

Oaks; retd. to Regt. July 30, 1862. 
Wd. Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862; killed at 

Fredericksburg, May 3, 1863. 
Substitute; Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Wd. May 3, 1863; trans, to Veteran 

Reserve Corps. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 
Disch. for disabilities June, 1862. 
Wd. at Fredericksburg, May 3, 1863 

taken prisoner same day and escaped 

the next. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
iMus. out June 28, 1865. 
Substitute; promoted to Sergt. Co. G. 

Nov. 1, 1864. Mus. out. June 28, 

1865. 
Wd. in knee by accident and discharged 

1862. 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. 
Discharged by special order June 20, 

1865. 
Died at Point Lookout, Md. August, 

1862. 
Died Nov. 1864. 
Wd. at Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862, and 

died from effects in hospital. 
Prisoner from May 6, 1864, to Feb. 26 

1865. Mus. out Mar. 3, 1865. 
Disch. by general order. May 15, 1865. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864; Trans, to Co. B 

and promoted to Sergt. 
Mus. out June 28, 1865, as Veteran. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. In all battles 

and never wounded. 
Killed Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 
Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Discharged 1862 on the Peninsula. 
Wd. May 6, 1864 at Wilderness and 

disch.; Veteran. 
Wd. Wilderness May 5, 1864. 
Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Wd. at Fort 

Stevens; served as Volunteer Color 

Guard after May 12, 1864. 
Wd. May 4, 1863, Banks Ford and 

prisoner. Was one of five from Co. 

A. who volunteered at Bloody Angle 

Spottsylvania May 12, 1864, to man 

a battery, receiving in that service 

five wounds, one causing loss of arm 

and another disabling hand of other 

arm; disch. March 16, 1865. 
Wd. at Fair Oaks, died of typhoid fever 

Nov. 1863, buried at Culpepper, C. H. 

Va. 
Wd. Oct. 19, 1864 at Cedar Creek. 
Disch. Aug. 62, having become blind. 



PENN S YL VA N I A VOL UN TEE R S 



169 



NAME. 



Stuchel, Jackson.S.,. . . 
Swartswalter, Samuel 



Swcringer, Bazil, Private. July 

Sylvis, Henry Private. Aug. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Private. 'Aug. 
.Private. I July 



Thomas, John P.,. . . , 
Titterington, Aaron. . 



Private. 'Aug. 



Private. 



Titterington, John Private 



Torrens, Robert,. 



Tozer, Thomas,. . . . 

Tresler, Urias, 

Vv'alker, Alexander, . 

Walker, Johnston . 

Webster, John, 



Work, James T.,. 
Work, John A.,.. 



Work, John Calvin... 



Work, John Harvey. . 



Work, R. N., 

Weaver, George F. 



Wissinger, Samuel,. . 
Wissinger, William, . 



Weaver, Simon P.,. 
Wigle, Simon B 



, Private. 

. Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 
Private. 

Private. 



Private. 



Private. 
Private. 

Private, 
Private, 

Private. 
Private. 



Feb. 



22, 
13, 



10 
'2'2 



22, 
25, 



1861 
1863 



,1863 
1861 



1861 
1864 



Sept. 1, 1864 



Aug. 
Oct. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Oct. 

Aug. 
Aug. 



22, 
24, 

99 



24, 

22, 

22. 



1861 
1864 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 



Aug. 22, 1861 



.Aug. 22, 1861 



Feb. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

July 
July 



25, 

22, 

22 
22, 

14, 
16, 



1864 
1861 

1861 
1861 

1863 
1663 



Feb. 25, 1864 3 



Note. 



Killed at Fredericksburg, May 3, 1863. 
Wd. at Spottsylvania, and Petersburg, 

Mar. 27, 1865. Mus. out June 28, 

1865. 
Drafted; Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Killed Fredericksburg, May 3, 1863; 

lived a few minutes and ordered his 

watch sent to his father. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. He was detailed 

and worked in regimental hospital. 
Son of John; was taken from Cold 

Harbor in ambulance, with permit 

for City Point, being sick, but was 

never heard from. 
Taken prisoner at Wilderness; May 

6, 1864. Health and mind impaired at 

Andersonville by starvation. He 

had previously served in 135 P. V. 
Mus. out by special order June 20, 

1865. 
Disch. for disability in fall of 1861. 
Substitute, absent sick at Mus. out 
Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862 and 

disch. for disability. 
Wd. by accident Aug. 28, 1863. Died 

at Division hospital May 31, 1864. 
Took leave of absence, Dec. 1862, and 

never returned. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. 
Killed at Williamsport, Md., Sept 20 

1862. 
Killed at Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864 — 

while one of five volunteers from 

Co. A. he was helping to man a 

battery at Bloody Angle Spottsylvania 

May. 12, 1864. 
Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862, and 

retd. to Regt. July 30, 1862. Wd. 

at Fort Stevens. Mus. out Sept. 7, 

1864. 
Killed at Wilderness May 5, 1864. 
Wd in hand at Spottsylvania, and disch. 

for disability. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. 
Wd. at Malvern Hill, and disch. for 

disability. 
Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Mus. out June 28, 1865. 



Co. A. had 22 sets of brothers as follows:— 

1. Brady, Lemuel and Isaac V. 

2. Brewer, T. H. and A. T. 

3. Brewer, John M. and D. B. 

4. Brewer, Charles M. and J. E. 

5. Ch mbers, James M. and Zachariah 

6. Fairbanks, Richard W. and Elijah W. 

7. Helman, Jacob, Isaac and Daniel, 3 brothers 



both killed 



both kilkd 



170 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 



8. Lemon, Thomas A. and Nathan 

9. Moor, Alexander and Thomas 

10. Mott, George B. and William H. 

11. McQuown, Archibald and William J. 

12. Short, James C. and John 

13. Stuchel, Jackson and Christopher 

14. Stewart, John A. nd H. V. 

15. Tozer, Thomas and Nathaniel 

16. Keel, John A. and Peter. 

17. EUis, John and A. A. 

18. Wissinger, Samuel and William 

19. Weaver, Simon and George 

20. Price, David and Isaac N. 

21. Work, John A. and James T. 

22. Crawford, Alexander and James L. 



one killed 
one killed 
one killed 
one killed 
one killed 
one killed 
one killed 



one killed 



one killed 
one killed 



Fourteen of these brothers were killed including two pairs, the Bradys, and EHises. 



COMPANY B. 

RECRUITED IN ALLEGHENY CITY. 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



Lewis Redenback Capt.... Aug. 

Casper Kauffman . Capt... . Aug. 



William Scott j ■ 1st. Lt.. 

Eugene C. Koerner. . . j . 1st. Lt., 
Robert Kennedy 1st. Lt.. 



John H. Brown — 

Philip Voelp, 

William Laughlin, . 



Frederick Cackins,. 



Wm. Brorrman, . 



James R. Holmes,. 



2d. Lt. 
.2d. Lt. 
.2d. Lt. 



.2d. Lt. 



IstSrg't 



Serg't. 



J. H. C. Poorman ' .vSerg't. 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



Aug. 



Aug. 



William G. Conn,. 
John Brown, . 



Joseph Hough, , 
John Bulge, . . . 



.Serg't. 

Serg't. 

.Serg't. 
.Serg't. 



Feb. 
July 



Aug. 
Aug. 



1861 
1861 



1861 
1861 
1861 



1861 
1861' 3 
1861 3 

3 

3 



861 
1861 



Feb. 10, 1864 



10, 
14, 



1864 
1863 



Aug. 15, 1863 



1861 
1861 



REMARKS. 



Died at Baltimore, Md., Sept. 8, 1864, of 

wounds received at Charlestown, 

Va., Aug. 21, 1864. 
Promoted from 1st. Sgt. to 2d. Lt., Nov. 

1st, 1864— to 1st. Lt. Dec. 18, '64— to 

Capt., Jan. 6, 1865 — mustered out 

with Companv, June 28, 1865 — Vet. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 
Wounded and missing. May 6, 1864. 
Pr. fr. 1st. Sgt. to 2d. Lt., Dec. 22, 1864 

— to 1st. Lt., Jan. 6, 1865 — mus. out 

with Co., June 28, 1865.— Vet. 
Dismissed Feb. 22, 1863. 
Died — date unknown. 
Promoted from Sgt. to 2d Lt., March 

22, 1864— killed at Fort Stevens, D. 

C, July 12, 1864. 
Promoted from Sergeant to 2d. Lt., 

Mar. 5, 1865 — mus. out with company 

June 28, 1865— Vet. 
Pr. from Cor. to 1st. Sgt. Jan. 6, 1865— 

pris. June 30, 1864 — mus. out with 

Co., June 28, 1865— Vet. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Ab.sent on furlough, at muster out. Vet. 
Drafted— pr. to Cor., Jan. 23, 1865— to 

Sgt. June 8, 1865 mus out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
Substitute— pr. to Cor., Feb. 1, 1865— 

to Sgt., June 8, 1865 — mus. out with 

Co., June 28, 1865. 
Wounded at Chancellorsville, May 3, 

1863 — absent at expiration of term. 
Wounded and missing in action, May 18, 

1864. 



PENNSYLVANI A VOLUNTEERS 



171 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



John W. Row ... 
Hugh Crummey,. 



Serg't.-. 
Serg't . . 



Henry Schmerker, , 



John C. Myers 

Newton H. Phillips, 



. Serg't . Aug. 
July 



Chas. Matzenbacker, 



Joseph Klemm,. . . 
Harvey B. Jones, . 
George vSchultz,... 



George Schnaufer, . 



Serg't . 

Serg't . 
.Corp.. . 

■ Corp... 

.Corp... 

.Corp.. 

.Corp.. 



Aug. 
Aug. 



David Miller, 



Joseph Murray, . 



James C. Plummer, 
Samuel A. Leslie, . . 
William Fulton, . . . 

Cyrus Staley, 

John Kruling, 

\Vm. H. Stephens, . 

Jacob Wentz, 

Matthew vShaw, . . . 



Anthony Treps, . . . 
William F. Rawie, . 
Edw'd. Shumacker, 

Leopold Betz, 

John Wambach, . . . 
Charles Little, 



.Corp.. . 

.Corp.., 

.Corp.., 

.Corp.., 
.Corp.. 
.Corp.. 
.Corp.. 
.Corp.. 
.Corp.. 
.Corp.. 
.Corp.. 



Jan. 
Jan. 
July 
Jan. 



Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Nov. 



Corp... . Aug. 
, .Corp... ;Aug. 



Aug. 
Aug. 



. .Corp... 
..Corp... 
..Corp... lAug. 
Musician Aug. 



22. 
1. 



1861 
1861 



Feb. 29, 1864 



1, 
13, 



1861 
1863 



20, 1864 



30, 1864 



10, 1863 



30, 1864 



Jan. 30, 1864 



July. 21, 1863 



1, 1861 



1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 

13, 
1, 

26, 

1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1. 



1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1863 

1861 3 

1861 3 

1861 3 
1861 3 



1861 
1861 
1861 



3 



1861 3 



Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. 

Promoted to Cor. — to Sgt., Mar. 22, 

1864— wounded May 18, 1864— 

absent at expiration of term. 
Killed at Fisher's Hill, Va., Sept. 22, 

1864. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Drafted — promoted to Corporal, Feb. 

1, 1865 — mustered out with company. 

June 28, 1865. 
Promoted to Corporal, April 1, 1865 — 

mustered out with Company, June 

28, 1865. 
Promoted to Corporal, June 8, 1865 — 

mustered out with Company, June 

28, 1865— Vet. 
Drafted — promoted to Corporal, June 8, 

1865 — mustered out with company, 

June 28, 1865. 
Prisoner from June 30, 1864, to Feb. 

28, 1865 — promoted to Corporal, June 

8, 1865 — mustered out with company, 

June 28, 1865.— Vet. 
Prisoner from June 30, 1864, to Feb. 28, 

28, 1865 — promoted to Corporal, 

June 8, 1865 — mustered out with 

Company, June 28, 1865 — Vet. 
Drafted — promoted to Corporal, June 8, 

1865 — mustered out with company, 

June 28, 1865. 
Wounded and prisoner at Wilderness, 

Va., May 6, 1864 — absent at expira- 
tion of term. 
Wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., May 

12, 1864 — absent at expiration of term 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 

of term. 
Wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., May 

18, 1864 — absent at expiration of term 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 

Feb. 14, 1865. 
Substitute — tr. to Vet. Res. Corps, 

March 14, 1865. 
Died at Washington, D. C, Oct. 30, 

1864— Vet. 
Died May 8, 1864, of wounds received 

at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster out-roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 



172 



SIXTY-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



Charles O. Luty. 



Musician Nov. 15, 1861 



Adam Showers,. . 
Ames, WiUiam. . 
Baker, Jacob S.,. 



Bell, John 

Becker, Henrj- C.,. . . 
Bowman, William,.. 

Baker, Thomas, 

Bougher, Peter, 

Banford, John E-,... . 

Black, George, 

Black, Jacob, 

Brasher, Napo'n R.,.. 

Bodd, Adam, 

Bristcll, George W.,.. 

Bightley, David, 

Boreland, Geo. W.,. . 
Burkhardt. Jacob, . . . 



Barr, Robert B., 

Bartch, Christopher, 



Bentz, Jacob, . . . 
Brink, Andrew,.. 
Blacklcy, Hugh,. 
Banks, W., 



Cockran, Geo. D. . . 
Costlow, Jeremiah,. . 

Creeks, John T., 

Cash, John 

Clawson, John 

Christen, Ulrich, 

Cooper, Andrew,... . 
Campbell, John M.,. 



Musician Aug. 
Private.! Aug. 
Private. July 



Private. Aug. 
Private. July 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 



.Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 
, Private. 
. Private. 



July 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Oct. 

July 

July 

July 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
. Private 
. Private. 
. Private 



July. 
Feb. 
July 
Aug. 
July 
Aug. 
Oct. 
July 



1, 

1, 

14, 

14. 

10, 

20, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 

31. 

14, 

14, 

14, 

1, 

1. 
1, 

1, 
1, 
1. 

14. 
10, 
14, 

1, 
14, 

1. 
31, 
14. 



1861 
1861 
1863 

1863 

1863 

1863 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1863 

1863 

1863 

1861! 

1861 
1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 

1863 
1864 
1863 
1861 
1863 
1861 
1862 
1863 



REMARKS. 



Mustered out Nov. 14. 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 
28, 1865. 

Substitute — wd. June 6, 1864 — ab. at 
mus. out. 

Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 
28, 1865. 

Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28. 1865. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864— expira- 
tion of term. 

Wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 
1864 — absent at expiration of term. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864— expira- 
tion of term. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 

Mustered out, Oct. 31, 1864— expira- 
tion of term. 

Drafted — deserted — returned — disch. 
by General Order, May 9, 1865. 

Drafted — tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps. 
Sept. 20. 1864. 

Drafted — transferred to Co. F. Nov. 

27, 1864. 

Died at Andersonville. Ga., Sept. 24, 

1864. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Died at Philadelphia, Pa., June 9, 

1862. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Died May 16, 1864— buried in National 

Cemetery, Arlington, Va., 
Drafted — deserted — returned — must. 

out with company. June 28. 1865. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865.— Vet. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 

Mustered out with company, June 28, 
1865.— Vet. 

Drafted— discharged by G. O., June 24, 
1865. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864— expiration 
of term. 

Mustered out. Oct. 31. 1864— expira- 
tion of term. 

Drafted— disch. on Surg, certificate, 
April 15, 1865. 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEE RS 



173 







DATE OF MUSTER 


en 

>< 




NAME. 


RANK. 


INTO SERVICE. 


i 


REMARKS. 


Dclker, Christian, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


31, 


1861 


3 


Deserted — returned — mustered out with 
company, June 28, 1865. 


Drisdoll, Jeremiah 


. Private. 


Aug. 


30,1863 


3 


Substitute— mustered out with Co., 














June 28, 1865. 


Dalzell, David, 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out with companv, June 28, 
1865— Vet. 


Denny, John R., 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, vSept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 


Deitrick, Geo. F., 


. Private. 


July 


1-1, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — transferred to Veteran Reserv 
Corps, September 18, 1864. 


Dickson, Robert, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


2 


1862 


3 


Promoted to Q. M. vSgt. December 22, 
1864. 


Emerick, WilHam 


.Private. 


July 


14, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 
28, 1865. 


Fate, PhiHp, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


31, 


1861 


3 


Captured May 21, 1864 — absent at mus- 
ter out. 














Faber, Frederick, 


. Private. 


Feb. 


7, 


1864 


' 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 
Nov. 25, 1864. 


Fry, Benjamin, F.,. . . . 


Private. 


July 


16, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 16, 
1865. 


Ferrang, Peter, 


.Private. 


July. 


20, 


1863 


3 


vSubstitute — dischargee by G. 0., June 16 
1865. 


Faber, Christian 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Foerst, Alphonso 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Francis, John 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Gunn, George, 


.Private. 


July 


28, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 
28, 1865. 


Green, James, 


^Private. 


Oct. 


27, 


1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co.. June 














28, 1865. 


Gaul, Beneventura, . . . 


. Private.! July. 


14, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — discharged by G. 0., June 9, 
1865. 


Goldstein, Louis, 


. Private. Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


George, Abijah, 


. Private. Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


George Thomas, 


. Private. Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Died March 10, 18()2— buried in Mih- 
tary Asylum Cemetery, D. C, 


Hill, John 


.Private. Nov. 


,5, 


1864 


3 


Mustered out with companv, June 28, 
1865. 












Holsinger, Daniel 


. Private. July 


10, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 














28. 1865. 


Hillman, Arthur, 


.Private. 


July 


20, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — absent, on furlough, at muster 

out. 
Drafted — pri.soner from May 6, 1864, to 


Hart, Leopold, 


.Private. 


July 


10, 


1863 


3 














Feb. 8, 1865 — mustered out with 














Company, June 28, 1865. 


Hartman, Leonard, . . . 


.Private. Oct. 


31, 


1861 


3 


Absent, in arrest at muster out. 


Hutchinson, Thos, 


.Private. Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out with companv, June 28, 
1865— Vet. 


Hillman, William, 


. Private. 


Feb. 


16, 


1865 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 


Hulbcrt, Dwight H., . 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 












of term. 


Hanchy, Arnold, 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, vSept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 


Hayne, Andrew, 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Hays, George W., 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Hamilton, Henry,. ... 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1. 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Hickey, Robinson, .... 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Hay, James M., 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 



174 



SIXTY-FIRS T RE G I MEN T 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Hurley, William . . . . 
Hoffman, Alphonso, 



Jacob, Henry,.. . . 
Jones, James, . . . . 
Jenkins, Edward, . 
Kemm, Conrad. . . 



. Private. July 
. Private. July 

, Private. Aug. 

Private. 'Aug. 

Private. 
, Private. 



Kelsch, Joseph 

Kreps, Christopher, 
Kimble, George,.. . . 

Kelley, Hiram, 

Kuntzler, George . . . 



Klim, Jacob, .... 
Kimble, David,.. 
Lane, James H.,. 



Lape, Henry,. . . . 
Lanning, Peter,. 
Logan, John. . . . 
Leddy, Andrew, . 



Large, Zenas,.. . . 
Logan, Baxter, . 
Luchy, Charles, . 
Myers, John. . . . 



Myers, Abraham, . . 
Markor, Jacob, .... 
Morrow, Robert, . . . 
Montgomery, John. 

Miller, John 

Munaw, George R., 
Miller, John H., . . . 



Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

, Private. 

, Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 
.Private. 



Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

July 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Feb. 

July 

Oct. 

July 

July 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



Private. July 



Murray, James, . 
Maier, Callus,. . , 



Masters, Isaac,. 



Millthaler, Charles, 
Meyers, Conrad,. . . 
Meinhard, Conrad,. 



July 

Oct. 

Jan. 

Oct. 

Aug. 

July 

July 

Aug. 
July 

July 

, Private. Aug. 
Private. 'Aug. 
Private. 'Aug. 



Private. 

Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

.Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 



22, 1863 



14 

14 

26 

13 

13 

1 

1 

1 

14 

25 

4 
31 

1 

14 

14 

12 
14 

14 

1, 
1, 
1, 



1863 3 

1861 3 
1861 3 



1861 3 
1861 3 
186l' 3 



1861 
1861 



1863 3 

18611 3 

1861 3 

1865 1 

1863 3 

1864 1 

1863 3 

1863! 3 

1861 3 

1861 3 

1861] 3 

1863 3 

1863 3 

1864 1 
1864 3 

1861 3 

i 

1861 3 

1863 3 

1863 3 

i 

1863 3 

1863 3 

1863 



1861 
1861 



1861 3 



Drafted discharged on Surg, certifi- 
cate, Feb. 10, 1865. 

Drafted — discharged by S. O., June 0, 
1865. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Deserted March 6, 1865. 

Deserted — returned — mustered out with 
company, June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with company, June 
28, 1865— Vet. 

Mustered out with company, June 28, 
1865— Vet. 

Wounded at Wilderness, May 6, 1864 
— absent at expiration of term. 

Wounded at Chancellorsville, May 

3, 1863 — absent at expiration of term. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., May 26, 

1865. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Substitute — mustered out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Drafted — died May 8, 1864, of wounds 

received at Wilderness, May 6, 1864. 
Not on muster-out roll 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Drafted — wounded at Wilderness, May 

6, 1864 — absent at muster out. 
Drafted — deserted — returned — must. 

out with company, June 28, 1865. 
Substitute — mustered out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865. 
Deserted — returned — mustered with 
Company, June 28, 1865. 
Mus. out, Dec. 14, 1S64 — expiration 

of term. 
Drafted — disch. on Surg, cert. Nov. 7, 

1864. 
Drafted — disch. on surg. cert., Apr. 14 

1865. 
Sub.— disch. Surg. cert. May 15, 1865. 
Drafted — discharged by S. O., June 

9, 1865. 
Drafted — transferred to V. R. C, Nov. 

4, 1864. 

Mot on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



175 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



JM'Kinndly, J. W., !. Private. 



M'Caw, James,. 
M'Crea, David,. 



, Private. 
. Private. 



M'Curdy, John, Private. 

Nagle, Jacob., . Private. 

Nelson, John, j . Private. 

Nenyah, Henry, j . Private. 

O'Brien, James, . Private. 

Prophater, John T.,. ... Private. 



Feb. 

July 

Aug. 

Aug. 
July 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Jan. 
Oct. 



Piatt, William, 

Pinther, Frederick, . 



Riley, Hamilton T.,. 

Ray, Samuel, 

Ruege, Henry, 



Ross, Robert, 

Riesner, Christian,.., 



Rushenberger, H., . 
Sullivan, Bernard, . 



Schibler, Benj. F., , 

vSmith, James, 

Sarena, Noah, 

Swancr, Henry,. . . , 



Steel, John. 



Private. 
Private. 



. Private. 

.Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 

. Private, 
r^rivate. 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 



July 

July 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Tuly 

July 

Aug. 

July 

Oct. 



Private. Jul V 
July 



Stephens, Kinsley, ..... Private 
Schroder, O. H. P., . . . ' . Private 



Stormer, Adam, . . 
Salter, Joseph,.. . . 
Smith, James M.,. 
Shaw, Matthew,. . 
Schroder, George,. 



Private. I July 
Private. Aug. 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



Straub, William ' . Private. Aug. 



Shiebel, Charles . 

Schultz, John 

Steiglein, John 

Sleiglitz, Valentine, . 

Shannon, Henry, 

Spauggy, Daniel, . . . 



Private. Aug. 
Private. Aug. 
Private. Aug. 
Private.! Aug. 
Private. Aug. 
Private. Sept. 



10, 

23, 

9, 

1, 
lo, 

1, 

1, 

30, 

31, 



1864 

1863 

1863 

1861 
1863 

1861 
1861 
1865 
1861 



Aug. 1, 1861 



14, 

10, 

1, 

1, 
1, 

1, 
16, 

15, 

8, 

14, 

26, 

30, 
30, 



July 14, 



13, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 

1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
26, 



1863 

1863 

1861 

1861 
1861 

1861 
1863 

1863 

1863 

1863 

1864 

1863 
1863j 3 

1863 3 



1863 3 
1801 3 
1861 3 
1S()1 3 
1861 3 

1861 3 

1861 3 

ISfil 3 

1861 3 

1861 3 

1861, 3 

1864 1 



Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865.— Vet. 
Drafted — mus. out with Co., June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Drafted — disch. on Surg, certificate, 

Dec. 26, 1864. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., August 

14, 1865. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Deserted March 18, 1865. 
Disch on Surgeon's certificate, Jan. 15 

1865— Vet. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Died at Alexandria, Va., June 13, 1864 

grave 2,015. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Wounded at Spottsylvania, May 10, 

1864 — absent at expiration of term. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Died February 11, 1864 — buried in Mili- 
tary Asylum Cemetery, D. C, — Vet. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Drafted — captured August, 21, 1864 — 

ab. at mus. out. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Drafted — captured at Wilderness, ISlay 

6, 1864. Absent at muster out. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Substitute — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Drafted — absent, sick, at muster-out. 
Substitute— transferred to Co. F., Nov. 

27, 1864. 
Drafted— died Aug. 1, 1864, of wounds 

received at Wilderness, May 6, 1864 — 

buried in National Cemetery, Arling- 
ton, Virginia, 
Drafted — deserted August 6, 1864. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Muster ed out, Sept. 7, 18G4— expiration 

of term. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Sub. — drow'd at Fortress Monroe, Va , 

May 15, 1865. 



176 



SI XTY-FIRS T REG I MEN T 







DATE OF MUSTER 


< 




NAME. 


RANK. 










REMARKS. 






INTO SERVICE. 


1 




Taylor, Andrew D.,.. . 


. Private. 


July 


14, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — discharged by G. 0., July 15, 
1865. 


Taylor, George 


. Private. July 


14, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 
28, 1865. 


Thorpe, Abner, 


. Private. July 


14, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — wounded at Wilderness, May 
6, 1864 — absent at muster out. 


Thompson, Alex 


. Private. Oct. 


18, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Oct. IS, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 


Tompkins, Wm. B.,. , . 


. Private. Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 


True, Elias, 


.Private. Aug. 
. Private. July 


1, 
13. 


1861 
1863 


I 




Vogetty, Andrew 


Drafted — transferred to Co., F., Nov. 




. 1 








27, 1864. 


Walters, Baltzer, 


.Private., July 

1 


14, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 
28, 1865. 


Wochele, Jacob, 


.Private. Feb. 


5, 


1864 


3 


Mustered out with Company, June 28, 
1865. 


Werner, Andrew, 


.Private. Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 


Walters, George, 


Private. Jan. 


28, 


1862 


3 


Mustered out Jan. 28, 1865 — expiration 
of term. 


Werner, Anglebert, . . 


. Private. Sept. 


22 


1862 


3 


Transferred to Vet. Reserve Corps, 
Oct. 24, 1864. 


Wallace, Hugh, 


. Private. July 


10, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — killed at Wilderness, May 6, 
1864. 


Walker, George, R.,.. . 


. Private. 'Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Killed at Wilderness. 


Waldmeyer, Wm., .... 


.Private. 'Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Died October 7,1864 — buried in National 
Cemetery, Arlington, \'irginia — Vet. 


Zeig, George, 


. Private. Jan. 


28, 


1862 


3 


Mustered out, Jan. 28, 1865 — expiration 
of term. 



COMPANY C. 
RECRUITED IN ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



George W. Dawson, 
W. O. H. Robinson, 



Chas. S. Greene, . 
John W. M'Clay, . 



.Capt... Aug. 1, 1861 



.Capt. 

.Capt.. 
.Capt.. 



Aug. 1, 1861 



Aug. 
Sept. 



21, 1861 3 
1, 1861 3 



Promoted to Major, Dec. 1, 1862. 

Pr. to 2d. Lt., Oct. 31, 1861— res. Jan. 6, 
1862— re-com. Sept. 29, 1862— pr. 
to 1st. Lt., Jan. 28, 1863— to Capt., 
Mar. 20, 1863— killed at Wilderness, 
May 6, 1864. 

Transferred fr. Co. I. — pr. to Lt. Co.l, 
May 15. 1865. 

Promoted fr. 1st. Sgt. to 2d. Lt., Oct. 10, 
1864— to 1st. Lt., Dec. 28, 1864. to 
Capt. May 14, 1865 — mus. out with 
company, June 28, 1865 — Vet. 



PENN SYLVAN I A VO LUN TEERS 



177 







DATE OF MUSTER 


w 
>< 

t-l 




NAME. 


RANK. 


INTO SERVICE. 


REMARKS. 


George Dilworth, 


.1st. Lt. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Discharged April 30, 1862. 


Williams. Gold, 


. 1st. Lt. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Promoted from 1st. Sgt. to 1st. Lt., Apr. 
30, 1862, commissioned Capt., Dec. 
1, 1862— Mustered out— Sept. 7. 
1864 — expiration of term. 


H. 0. C. Oehmler, .... 


.1st. Lt. 


Aug. 


1. 1861 


3 


Promoted from 1st. Sgt. to 2d. Lt., Jan. 
28, 1863— to 1st. Lt., Sept. 12, 1863— 
com. Capt., May 9, 1864 — not mus. 
mus. out, Sept. 7, 1864 — exp. of term. 


Chas. F. Kennedy, 


.1st. Lt.. 


Aug. 


21, 1861 


3 


Promoted from Quarter-master Sergt. 
to 1st. Lt., Oct. 1, 1864— to Q. M., 
Dec. 18, 1864— Vet. 


William Gray, 


.1st. Lt.. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Promoted from 1st. Sergeant to 2d Lt. 












Jan. 5, 1865— to 1st Lt. May 14, 1865 












—mus. out with Co., June 28, 1865— 












Vet. 


Charles H. Rhodes, . . . 


2d. Lt... 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Promoted from private Co. E. to 2d. Lt., 
Jan. 23, 1862— died July 25, 1862, of 
wds. rec. in action. 


Jas. W. Prophater, 


.2d. Lt.. 


Aug. 


L 1861 


3 


promoted from 1st. Serg't. to 2d. Lieut., 
Sept. 12, 1863— died Aug. 31, 1864. of 
wds. rec. in action. 


Cyrus Adsit, 


.2d. Lt.. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Promoted from 1st. Serg't. to 2d. Lieut. 












May 18, 1865— mus. out with Co., 












June 28, 1865— Vet. 


William M'Neight 


1st. Sgt. . 


Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Promoted from Sergent to 1st. Serg't, 
May 12, 1865 — mus. out with Co., 
June 28, 1865— Vet. 


Hugh M'Laren, 


1st. Sgt. 


Sept. 


1, 1861 


3 


Wounded at Spottsylvania C. H. May 
12, 1864 — absent at expiration of term. 


William Alker, 


.Sergt.. . 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Promoted from Corporal to Serg't. Nov. 












29, 1864— mus. out with Co., June 28, 












1865— Vet. 


Henry P. Banks 


.Serg't.. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Promoted from Corporal to Serg't, Jan. 
5, 1865— mus. out with Co., June 28, 
1865— Vet. 


Joseph Taylor, 


. Serg't . . 






3 


Promoted from Corporal to Serg't, May 












18, 1865, mus. out with Co., June 28, 












1865— Vet. 


Milton Mathews, 


.Serg't.. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Promoted from Corporal to Serg't. June 
18, 1865— mus. out with Co., June 28, 
1865 — Vet. Awarded Medal for brav- 
ery—Petersburg, April. 2, 1865. Capt. 
colors of the 7th Tenn. Rebel Reg't. 


Edward Craney, 


. Sergt' . . 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration oj 












term. 


John Thompson 


.Serg't.. 


Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Disch. June 13, 1865, for wds. rec. in 
action. Vet. 


Francis McElfresh,. . . . 


.Serg't.. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Not on muster — out roll. 


Jsoeph P. Orr, 


.Serg't. . 


Aug. 
Spet. 


1, 1861 


3 


Not on muster — out roll. 


John Borman, 


..Corp... 


4, 1861 


3 


Wounded at Fisher's Hill, Sept. 22, 1864 












— absent at muster out — Vet. 


Sylvester Orris 


..Corp... 


Feb. 


17, 1864 


3 


Promoted at Corporal, Nov. 29, 1864— 












mus. out with company, June 28, 












1865. 


Anthony Weimer, 


..Corp... 






3 


Promoted to Corporal, Nov. 9, 1864— 
mus. out with company, June 28, 1865 
—Vet. 



178 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 



NAME. 



Theodore Mitchell,... . 



Joseph Fisher,.. . . 
Benjamin Hughs, , 
William Orris, . . . . 



Thomas B. Dick, . 
Wm. H. Cochran,. 
George Garvin, . . . 



Christopher Metzler,. 
John V. Robinson... . 
Lawrence Delworth,.. 
Andrew J. Starrett, . . 

Joshua Jobes 

Henry M. Snare,. . . . 



Hugh Langshaw, . 



Alexander Graham, . 
Ed. Cunningham,. . . 
Samuel Lyons, 



Adams, Robert, A.. 
Agy, William, 



Antill, Ison, 

Boyce, George. . 
Brush, George, . 
Berkeypile, J. . . 
Beal, Jacob,. . . . 



Blakeley, Chas A. 
Barkley, Wm. F.,. 



Beatty, John, . 
Brickell, John . 
Boyd, James,. . 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



.Corp... 

.Corp.. 
Corp... 
.Corp.. 



Aug. 1, 1681 



Sept. 
July 
Aug. 



.Corp.. 
.Corp.. 
.Corp.. 



. .Corp. 
. .Corp. 
. .Corp. 
..Corp. 
. .Corp. 
. .Corp. 



Muc. 



.Muc. . 
.Muc. 
.Muc. 



Sept. 

Sept. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



. Private. 
. Private. 



Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

, Private. 



Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

July 

Aug. 

July 

Oct. 

Sept. 

July 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

July 



4, 1861 



15, 



1863 
1861 



Sept. 4, 1861 



1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 



Mar. 1, 1864 



1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 
1, 

14, 

1, 

14, 

25, 

26, 

2, 
\, 

1, 

1, 

14. 



1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 

1863 

1861 

1863 

1864 

1864 

1863 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1863 



REMARKS. 



Promoted to Corporal, Apr. 15, 1865 — 

mustered out with Company, June 

28, 1865— Vet. Awarded Medal for 

bravery at Petersburg — Apr. 2, 1865. 

Capt. flag of the Tenn. brigade. 
Promoted to Corporal, Jan. 5, 1865 — wd. 

Apr. 2, 1865 — absent, in hospital, at 

mus. out — Vet. 
Substitute — promoted to Corporal, 

Jan. 5, 1865 — mus. out with Co., 

June 28, 1865— Vet. 
Promoted to Corporal, May 18, 1865,— 

mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Discharged by special order, April 6, 

1865.— Vet. 
Promoted to Sergeant Co. G, Nov. 1, 

1864— Vet. 
Promoted to Sergent Co. F. Nov. 1, 

1864— Vet. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Died August 6, 1862. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Died May 12, 1863— bu. in Mil. Asv. 

Cem., D. C. 
Prisoner from Nov. 11, 1864, to Feb. 14 

1865 — mus. out with Co., June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 

Apr. 3, 1862. 
Transferred to Company A — date 

unknown, — Vet . 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Transferred to Company E — date un- 
known. Vet. 
Drafted — died at Andersonville, Ga., 

October 28, 1864— grave, 11607. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Substitute — mustered out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
Substitute — discharged by G. O., June 

20, 1865. 
Drafted — transferred. 
Discharged on Surgeno's certificate, 

Feb. 6, 1862. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 

Jan. 11, 1862. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 

Mar. 24, 1862. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O. May 15, 

1865. 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEE RS 



179 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Brady, S. A., 

Cook, Charles, .... 
Colman, Joseph A., 

Cooper, Stephen . . 
Charles, Robert,. . . 
Cuddy, Richard, . . 
Cheatham, John, . . 
Calhoun, A. G. R.,. 
Champion, John L-, 



. Private. 
Private. 



Aug. 



Conrad, George . . 
Croush, Adam, . . . 
Cummings, Wm., . 
Dunston, William, 

Dillman, Henry,.. 

Dunlap, Wm. J.,.. 

Deary, Mark, .... 

Deitz, John, 

Denzer, Jacob. . . . 

Daniels, Alfred,.. . 

Davis, Joseph,.. . . 

Deitrick, George, . 



. Privare. July 

.Private. Aug. 

. Private. Aug. 

.Private. Aug. 

.Private. July 

. Private. Aug. 

.Private. Aug. 

Private. Aug. 
Private. Aug. 
Private. Aug. 
.Private. July 

.Private.; Aug. 



. Private. 

. Private. 

i 

, j . Private. 
[ . Private, 

. Private. 

. Private. 

.Private. 



Davis, Henry C, . . 
Dawson, Samuel J. 
Dennling, George, . 
Dietch, Henry, . . . . 
Dilworth, Robert,. 
Eckley, Robert, . . . 



Franks, William . . 
Farrington, J. A.,. 



July 

Aug. 

Aug. 

July 

July 

Aug. 

Mar. 

Private. Aug. 
.Private. Aug. 
. Private. Aug. 
.Private. Aug. 
. Private. Aug. 
.Private, Oct. 

. Private. July 

.Private. July 



Fisher, Samuel, . 
Farley, Charles, , 
Fielding, Amos,. 

Fitch, H., 



Private. I July 
. Private. Aug. 
Private. Aug. 

.Private. 



1, 
16, 

1, 

1, 

27, 

22 

1, 

1, 

1 
1 
1 

16 

.31 
1.5 

1 

1 
16 
16 

1 
12 



1861 3 

1863 3 

1861 3 

1861 3 



1862 
1863 
1861 
1861 



1861 3 

1861 3 

1861 3 

1863 3 



1863 
1863 



1861! 3 



1961 
1863 
1863 
1861 
1864 





1861! 


3 




1861 


3 




1861i 


3 




1861 


3 




1861 


3 


31, 


1861 


3 



18 3 3 
1863 3 



1863 
1861 
1861 



Killed at Wilderness — buried in Wilder- 
ness burial grounds. 

Mustered out with company, June 28, 
1865— Vet. 

Drafted — wounded at Appomattox C. 
H., April, 1865— killed accidentally, 
June, 1865. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 

Mustered out, Sept. ~, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 

Discharged by General order, June 20, 
1865. 

Substitute — discharged by G. O., June 
15, 1865. 

Transferred to Company E. — date un- 
known—Vet. 

Transferred to company E — date un- 
known — Vet. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 
28, 1865. 

Substitute — wounded at Wilderness, 
May 6, 1864 — absent at muster out. 

Drafted — discharged by sentence of 
General Court Martial, June 28, 1865. 

Wounded at Wildre- ess. May 6, 1864 
absent at expiration of term. 

Mistered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 

Drafted — disch. on Surg. cert. March 21 
1865. 

Drafted — discharged by G. O. May 18, 
1865. 

Discharged on Surgeon's cert., June 18, 
1865— Veteran. 

Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 
June 20, 1865. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Transferred to Company E. — date un- 
known. 

Drafted— mustered ont with Co., June 
28, 1865. 

Drafted— discharged Feb. 28, 1865, for 
wounds received at Charlestown, Va. 
August 21, 1864. 

Drafted— disch. July 12, 1865. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Transferred to Company E — date un- 
known — Vet. 

Died May 10, 1863— bu. in Mil. Asy. 
Cem., D. C, 



180 



SIXTY-FIRST RE G I MEN T 



NAME. 



Fowzer, John J., Private. Aug. 

Gether, William Private. July 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE 



Grey, John, . Private. Oct. 

Gilmore, Stephen M., . . Private. Aug. 

Gleason, WiUiam, Private. Sept. 

Gump, Andrew, J . Private. July 

Gorman, Hugh, L Private. Aug. 

Glenn, Louis, Private. Aug. 

Graw, L.W . Private. 

Hasler, Frederick, . Private. Aug. 

Huskins, Malcolm ..... Private. Aug. 

Huey, Peter, Private. July 

i 
Horn, John, Private. July 

Hendershatt, J., . Private. July 

Harbaugh, Geo. F.,. . . .Private. Aug. 

Hone, Reuben, Private. Aug. 

Harden, Robert, Private. | July 

Horner, Andrew, . Private. Sept. 

Highhill, Israel, . Private. Sept. 

Heninger, John S., Private. Aug. 

Hipsley, Peter D., . . . . .Private. Aug. 

Hoag, David, Private. Aug. 

Huskins, William . Private. Aug 

Heifer, Henry, ! . Private. 

Johnson, Perry, Private. July 

James, George, Private. | July 

Jones, William, Private. |Sept. 

Jackson, James, Private. July 



1. 

23. 



25, 

1, 

13, 

16, 

1. 
1, 

13, 
1, 

21. 

17, 

16, 

1, 

1, 

16, 

26, 

4, 

1, 
1, 

1. 
1, 
1, 

22, 

16, 

4, 

16, 



1861 
1863 



1864 
1861 
1862 
1863 

1861 
1861 

1863 
1861 

1863 

1863 

1863 

1861 

1861 

1863 

1864 

1861 

1861 
1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 

1863 

1863 

1861 

1863 



REMARKS. 



Johnson, John C. W., . . Private. Aug. 16, 1863 



Jack, Andrew, 

Kennedy, Joseph, O.,., 



Private. Aug. 
Private. July 



1, 
16, 



1861 
1863 



3 Not on muster-ou roll. 

3 [Drafted — wounded at Wilderness, May 

[ 6, 1864— killed at Petersburg— date 

unknown. 
1 Substitute — mustered out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
3 Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 

of term. 
3 Discharged June 20, 1865, for wds rec. 

in action. 
3 Drafted— discharged March 6, 1865, for 

wounds received at Wilderness, May 

5, 1864. 

3 Not on muster-out roll. 
3 Died at Millen Prison, Ga. 

Died at Millen, Ga. — date unknown. 
3 Substitute — absent, sick, at muster out. 
3 Mustered out with company June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
3 Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
3 Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
3 Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
3 Mustered out, Sept. 7, 186 — expiration 

of term. 
3 Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 

of term. 
3 Drafted — disch. on surg. certificate, June 

8, 1865. 
1 Drafted— discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
3 Promoted to 1st. Sgt. company G. Nov. 

1864. 
3 Not on muster-out roll. 
3 Transferred to company E — date un- 
known. 
3 Not on muster-out roll. 
3 Not on muster-out roll. 
3 Disch. by sentence of General Court 

martial. 
3 Substitute — mustered out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
3 Drafted — captured at Wilderness, May 

6, 1864 — absent at muster out. 

3 Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
3 Drafted — wounded at Winchester, Va., 

Sept. 19, 1864 — disch, on Surg, certi- 
ficate, March 28, 1865. 
3 Drafted — wounded at SpottsylvaniaC. 

H., May 12, 1864, and Petersburg, Va. 

April 2, 1865— disch. by General Order 

May 30, 1865. 
3 Not on muster-out roll. 
3 Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 



PENNSYLVANIA VO LUNTEERS 



181 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Kennedy, James, , 
Keesley, Adam,... 
Luther, Ernest, . . . 
Lacey, Daniel,.. . . 

Lyons, Silas, 

Lape, Franklin,. . 
Long, George . . . . 



Lutz, William, 

Landis, Nathaniel,.. 
Lawson, Archibald, 



Lee, Lafayette,. . 
Little, James O. 



Lightwell, Jas. K. P. 
Madison, John, 



Miller, Jacob, 

Miller, Adam, 

Mahony, Timothy, 



Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private, 

Private. 
Private, 
Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 
Private. 



. Private. 
. Private 
.Private 



Millett, William, Private. 

Melvin, John, Private. 

Minich, Joseph F., Private 

Mecoy, Allen, Private. 

Maxner, Frederick, . . . .Private. 

Moon, Daniel, Private. 

Milligan, James, Private 

Masonheimer, F., Private. 

Merriman, William,. ... Private. 
Merriman, Sam'l., G.,. .Private 
Merriman, Thomas, .... Private. 



Melvin, Sam'l.,. 



. Private. 



Miller, John W., . Private. 

Minelly, John, i . Private 



Aug. 

Aug. 

July 

July 

Oct. 

Oct. 

July 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Oct. 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

April 

July 

July 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 



1861 

1861 

1863 

1863j 

1864 

1864 

I863' 

1861 
1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 

j 

I86I1 

1863 

I 

1864' 

1863; 

1 

1863J 

1861 

1861! 

186l| 

18611 

1863J 

18631 

1861 1 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 



Deserted — returned — mustered out with 

company, June 28, 1865 — Vet. 

Transferred to company E. — date un- 
known. 

Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 
28, 1865. 

Drafted— wounded at Wilderness, Va., 
May 6, 1864 — absent at muster out. 

Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 

Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 

Drafted — discharged on Surg, certificate, 
March 25, 1865. 

Died December 27, 1864— Vet. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Mustered out with company, June 28, 
1865— Vet. 

Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Mar 
25, 1864. 

Transferred to Co. E — date unknown 
Vet. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Substitute — wunded at Winchester, Va. 
Sept. 19, 1864 — absent at muster out. 

Substitute — -mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 

Sub. — missing at Spottsylvania, Va., 
May 12, 1864 — absent at muster out 

Substitute— Wounded at Spottsylvania, 
C. H., May 12, 1864— absent at 
Muster out. 

Mustered out with Company, June 28, 
1865.— Vet. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 

Mustered out, April 1, 1865 — espiration 
of term. 

Drafted — discharged by G. O., May 13, 
1865. 

Drafted — disch. on Surg, certificate, 
Dec. 1, 1864. 

Died at Andersonville, Ga., May 22, 
1864— grave, 1,287. 

Transfer ed to Company E — date un- 
known — Vet. 

Transferred to Company E — date un- 
known — Vet. 

Transferred to Company E — date un- 
known — Vet. 

Transferred to Company E^date un- 
known — Vet. 

Mustered out with company, June 28, 
1865.— Vet. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 



182 



SIXTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 







DATE OF MUSTER 


tn 

< 
W 




NAME. 


RANK. 










REMARKS. 






INTO SERVICE. 


^ 




Michael, Rudolph,.. . . 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1 


1861 


3 


Died May 12, 1863— bu. in Mil. Asy. 
Cem., D. C. 


Murray, William, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Mosteller, Uriah, 


. Private. 


vSept. 


26 


1864 


1 


Drafted — discharged by G. O. June 20, 
1865. 












M'Donald, Alex'r., 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1 


1861 


3 


Not. on muster-out roll. 


M'Vay, John, 


. Private. 


Aue. 


1 


1861 


3 


Promoted to Sgt. Company G. — date 






**"to' 








unknown. 


M'Spadden, Wm., .... 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


M'Crudden, James,.... 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1 


1861 


3 


Wounded at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 
1864 — absent at muster out — Vet. 


M'Clean, George, 


. Private. 


July 


13 


1863 


3 


Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 
28, 1865. 


M'Natt, Joseph, 


. Private. 


July, 


14 


1863 


3 


Drafted — wounded at Wilderness, Va., 
May 6, 1864 — absent at muster out. 


M'Nally, Anthony, . . . 


. Private. 


July 


16 


1863 


3 


Substitute — ab., on detached duty, at 
muster out. 


Oberry, Henry, 


. Private. 


July 


10 


1863 


3 


Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 
June 28, 1885. 


Orris, Joseph, 


. Private. 


Aug. 




1861 


,3 


Mustered out with Company, June 28, 














1865— Vet. 


Owens, Edwin, 


.Private. 


Aug. 




1861 


3 


Mustered out with Company, June 28, 
1865.— Vet. 


O'Connor, Cornelius,.. 


. Private. 


Aug. 




1861 


3 


Mustered out with company, June 28, 
1865— Vet. 


O'Donnell, James, .... 


. Private. 


Aug. 




1861 


3 


Died at Richmond, Va., March 20, 1964. 


Pope, Harrison W., . . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 




1861 


3 


Mustered out with company, June 28, 
1865— Vet. 


Patterson, Albert C.,.. 


.Private. 


Aug. 




1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 


Porter, William R., . . . 


. Private. 


Aug. 




1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 


Prophater, John S., . . . 


. Private. 


Aug. 




1861 


3 


Captured at Centerville, Va., October 17, 
1863 — absent at expiration of term. 


Pryor, William, 


. Private. 


Aug. 




1861 


3 


Disch. by sen. of G. C. M., June 18, 
1865— Vet. 


Porter, George, 


. Private. 


Aug. 




1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Powers, David H., 


.Private. 


Aug. 




1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Rammage, Duncan,. . . 


. Private. 


July 


14 


1863 


3 


Drafted — captured at Wilderness, May 
6, 1864 — absent at muster out. 


Riley, Thomas, 


.Private. 


Oct. 


27, 


1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., June 




28, 1865. 


Rooss, John, 


. Private. 


Aue. 




1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 






**"&■ 








Riley, Robert, 


. Private. 


Aug. 




1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Robinson, Robert, .... 


. Private. 


Aug. 




1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Roseburg, Peter B 


.Privat . 


Aug. 




1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Reno, Robert, R. R.,. . 


. Private. 


Aug. 




1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Nov 
26. 1861. 


Ross. WilUam 


. Private. 










Deser'd — returned — disch. G. 0.,May 




31, 1865— Vet. 


Snyder, James W.,. . . . 


. Private. 


July 


16 


1863 


3 


Drafted — deserted — returned — mus- 
tered out with company, June 28, 1865 


Spitnagle, Benj., 


.Private. 


July 


16, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 




28, 1865. 


Shields, Thomas A.,. . . 


. Private. 


July 


15, 


1863 


3 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUNTEERS 



183 







DATE OF MUSTER 


> 




NAME. 


RANK. 


INTO SERVICE. 


REMARKS. 


Smith, Geoge W., ... 


. Private. 


July 


16. 


1863 


3 


Drafted — wounded at Cedar Creek, Va., 
Oct., 19, 1864 — absent at muster out. 


Swain, William, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Captured — date unknown — died at Rich- 




mond, Va., March 23, 1864. 


Shoals, Alexander, .... 


.Private. 


Jan. 


16, 


1864 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Oct. 
28. 1864. 


Swain, Robinson, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Schondle, Charles, .... 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-our 


Sherman, Matthew,... 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1. 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Schnider, John W.,... . 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1. 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. Vet. 


Sharp, John A 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Killed at Wilderness — -date unknown^ 
buried in Wilderness burial grounds. 
Vet. 

Died at Portsmouth, Va., July 3, 1862. 


Shilds, Henry F., 


.Private. 
.Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 


Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Sept. 


1, 
1, 
1, 
4, 


1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 


3 
3 
3 
3 


Speer, John L., 


Not on muster-out roll — Vet. 


StoU, Chas 


Not on Muster Roll.— Vet. 


Thompson, John, 


Disch. June 3. 1865. for wds. rec.in action 














—Vet. 


Taylor, Samuel G., . . . 


.Private. 


July 


16, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — Transferred . 


Urban, George, 


Private. 


Dec. 


21, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out with company. June 28. 




1865.— Vet. 


Upperman, Henry,. . . . 


. Private. 


July 


27. 


1863 


3 


Substitute — discharged by G. 0., June 
6. 1865. 


Walters, Jacob, 


Private.. 


Jan. 


16, 


1865 


3 


Mustered out with company, June 28, 
1865. 


Wise, Jackson, 


. Private. 


July 


16, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — deserted — returned — mus. out 




with company, June 28, 1865. 


Werdhass, Charles,... . 


. Private. 


Aug. 


15, 


1863 


3 


Substitute — wounded at Wilderness, 
May 8, 1864 — absent at muster-out. 


Williams, William 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Disch. on Surgeon's certificate. Feb. 1, 
1865— Vet. 


Woodford, William... . 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Discharged by General Order, May 11. 
1865. 


Whitkey, Jerome B.,... 


.Private. 


Oct. 


25. 


1864 


1 


Drafted — disch. on Surgeon's cert.. 
May 16, 1865. 


Williamson, Robert . . . 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out. Sept. 7. 1864 — expiration 
of term. 


Weston, Isaiah 


. Private. 


July 


14. 


1863 


3 


Drafted — transferred . 


Whaler, Thomas, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Walker, Smith, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Young, James H., 


.Private. 


July 


17, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — transferred . 


Young, Cabel B., 


.Private. 


Aug. 


14, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — transferred to V. R. C. Jan, 
28, 1865. 


Young, Jonathan 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1. 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 



184 



SIXTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 



COMPANY D. 
RECRUITED IN LUZERNE COUNTY. 



NAME. 



Butler Dilley, 
Wm. W. Ellis, 



David J. Taylor,. 



.Capt.. 
.Capt.. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



Sept. 
Sept. 



.Capt. 



Oliver A. Parson, Capt. 



Sylvester D. Rhodes,. 

Smith D. Dean, .... 
Charles M. Cyphers,... 

Wm. Lathrop, 

Samuel C. Fell, 



..Capt... 

. 1st. U. 
. 1st. U. 
. 1st. U. 
.2d. U. 



Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 



Samuel Tintsman, 1st. Sgt. 

Presewed Taylor |lst. Sgt. 

Atherton Casey, Sergt. 



Wm. D. Beels, 

Wm. Coon, 

Robt. M. Thompson,. 
William S. Withers, . . . 

Jacob. Shafer, 

Robert Marshall, 



.Sergt... 
.Sergt.., 
.Sergt.. 
.Sergt. . 
.Sergt.. 
.Sergt.. 



Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Feb. 



2, 1861 
2, 1861 



Sept. 2, 1861 



Sept. 2, 1861 



REMARKS. 



Sept. 2, 1861 3 



2, 1861 
2, 1861 
2, 1861 
2, 1861 



Aug. 1, 1861 



2, 1861 
2, 1861 

2, 1861 

2, 1861 

1, 1861 

2, 1861 
2. 1861 

20, 1862 



Resigned July 23, 1862. 

Promoted from 1st. Lt. to Capt. July 
23, 1862. Transferred Jan. 2, 1864 to 
Veteran Reserve Corps. Wd. May 3, 

1863, at Charge on Marye's Heights, 
Fredericksburg, Va., 

Promoted from 2d. Lt. to 1st. Lt. July 
23, 1862; to Capt. March 25, 1864 
Killed at Cedar Creek, Va. Oct. 19, 

1864, while in Command of the Regt 
Pro. from 1st. Sergt. to 2d. Lt. April 19, 

1864; to 1st. U. Oct. 1, 1864; to Capt. 
Nov. 30, 1864 to Major May 14, 1865 
Wd. at Spottsylvania May 18, 1864, 
and at Petersbiu-g April 2, 1865. Mus 
out June 28, 1865. 
Breveted Major for gallantry at assault 
on Petersburg, April 2, 1865. Prisoner 
at Fair Oaks, — Vet. 
Pro. from Sergt. to 2d. Lt. Dec. 1, 1864 
to 1st. Lt. Jan. 6, 1865; to Capt. June 
3,1865. Mus. out June 28, 1865. Vet 
Holds medal from Congress for dis- 
tinguished gallantry at Fisher's Hill 
Va. Sept. 22. 1864. 
Pro. to 2d. Lt. July 23, 1862; to 1st. Lt. 
Apr. 19, 1864. Discharged Aug. 10, 
1864. 
Pro. from 1st. Sergt. to 1st. Lt. Dec. 
16, 1864; to Capt. Co. F. Jan. 6. 1865 
— ^Veteran. 
Promoted to Sergt. Maj.; to 2d. Lt. Jan. 
8, 1865; to 1st. Lt. June 2, 1865. Mus. 
out June 28, 1865.— Verteran. 
3 Promoted from 1st. Sergt. to 2d. Lt. June 
6, 1865. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Vet. 
3 Pro. to 1st. Sergt. June 8, 1865. Mus. 

out June 28, 1865. Veteran. 
3 Died June 16, 1862. 
3 Killed May 3, 1863, in charge on Marye's 

Heights, Fredericksburg. 
3 Wd. Dec. 13, 1862 at Fredericksburg, 

Mus. out June 28, 186 . Vet. 
3 Wd. April 2, 1865, at Petersburg. Mus. 

out June 28, 1865. Vet. 
3 Pro. to Sergt. Feb. 20, 1865. Mus. out 

June 28, 1865. Veteran. 
3 Pro. to Sergt. June 8, 1865. Mus, out 

June 28, 1865. Vet. 
3 Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862— Mus: 

out Sept. 7, 1864. 
3 Mus. out Feb. 20, 1865. 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



185 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Joseph R. Shultz | . Sergt. . . Sept. 2, 1861 



Wm. A. Swan,. 



Wm. Q. Cole, . . . 
Wm. Roundtree,. 



David C. Connor, 
Geo. W. Sayers, . . 



.Sergt.. 

.Sergt.. 
.Sergt.. 

.Sergt.. 
..Corp.. 



Sept. 2, 1861 

Sept. 2, 1861 
Aug. 18, 1861 



James McCarty, | . .Corp.. . 



Daniel Schlabach, 
John Dowden,. ... 

Elisha Gear, 

John H. Benning,. 



John Wise, 

Gasper Tarr, 

Ezra A. Coswell, 

Theodore A. Tucker,. 

Geo. A. Cassidy 



.Corp.. 
.Corp.., 
.Corp.. 
.Corp.. 



..Corp.. 
. .Corp.. 
. .Corp.. 
. .Corp.. 

. .Corp.. 



. Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Aug. 
July 
Sept. 

July 

July 

Sept. 

Sept. 



Wm. H. Roundtree Corp. 



Charles H. Elliott,.. . . 

Joseph C. Dale, 

J. Josiah McDermott, 

Geo. W. Fell, 



Frank H. Eeas, 

Robert G. Thompson . 

Michael Toban 

John Glancy, 

James Muncie, 

Abbott, Asher M.,. . . 

Alkins, Joseph, 

Bowen, Weston, 



Boyd, John,. 



Briggs, Job., 

Brisbing, Geo. W.,. 



.Corp... 
.Corp... 
.Corp... 

.Corp... 



Musician 
Musician 
Musician 
Musician 
Musician 
. Private 
.Private. 
.Private. 



. Private 

Private 
. Private 



4, 1861 
2, 1861 
2, 1861 

2, 1861 

1, 1861 
14, 1863 

2, 1861 

14, 1863 

13, 1863 

2, 1861 

2, 1861 



Jan. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

March 1, 



22, 
\, 
2, 
2, 
4, 
2, 
2. 



1864 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1864 



Aug. 1, 1861 

Sept. 2, 1861 

Sept. 2, 1861 

Sept. 2, 1861 

Sept. 2, 1861 

Sept. 2, 1861 3 



March 1, 1862 



Sept. 
Sept. 



2, 1861 
2, 1861 



Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. Re- 
enlisted Mar 8, 1864. Discharged 
date not known. 
Wounded May 10, 1864 at Spottsylvania 
Deserted from the hospital and en- 
listed in the Navy. 
3 jDied at Alexandria, Va. May 29, 1864, 
I from wounds. Grave 1957 — Vet. 
3 IWd. at Fair Oaks May 31, 1862 and 
taken prisoner. Discharged Dec. 9 
1 1862, 
3 jMus. out Sept. 7. 1864; expiration of 

term. 
3 !wd. May 5, 1864, in Wilderness — dis- 
charged July 31, 1865— Vet. 
Absent, wounded at muster out — Died 
Sept. 19, 1900., Veteran. 
3 Mus. out June 28, 18G5— Vet. 
3 Mus. out June 28, 1865 — Vet. 
3 Drafted, Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
3 Mus. out June 28, 1865 — Vet. Wd. May 
12, 1864 at Spottsylvania. 
Drafted — pro. to corporal June 8, 1865 

— Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Drafted. Pro. to Corporal June 15, 1865 

— Mus. out June 28, 1865- 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. Wd. May 12, 

1864 at Spottsylvania. 
Wd. May 12, 1864 at Spottsylvania 
and transferred to Veteran Reserve 
Corps, Jan 6, 1865. 
Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, 
Dec. 30, 1864. Vet. Wd. May 12, 
1864 at Spottsylvania. 
Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862, and 

discharged for disability. 
Died June 17, 1862 from wounds re- 
ceived at Fair Oaks May 31, 1862. 
Died Sept. 17, 1862 from wounds re- 
ceived at Fair Oaks, 
Wd. at Fair Oaks May 31, 1862, and 
taken prisoner — Discharged Dec. 9, 
1862. 
Transferred to Co. E. April 10, 1862-— 
Killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. 
3 Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
3 Mus. out June 28, 1865 — Vet. 
3 Deserted Nov 12, 1861" 
3 Deserted Dec. 11, 1862. 
3 Died March 19, 1862. 
3 Discharged Dec. 9, 1862. 
3 Discharged Sept. 12, 1862. 
3 Missing at Spottsylvania May 18, 1864 
supposed to have b en killed. 
Mus. out March 1, 1865, expiration 
of term. 
3 Mus. out June 28, 1865 — Vet. 
3 Discharged Aug. 15, 1862. 



186 



SI XTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 



NAME. 


RANK. 


DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 




REMARKS. 


Brinner, Thomas. H., . | 

Brown, Geo. S., 

Brooks, Wm., 


. Private. 
.Private. 
.Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 
.Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 

.Private. 
.Private. 

. Private. 
.Private. 
. Private. 

.Private. 
.Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
.Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 
.Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 
.Private. 
.Private. 

. Private. 


Sept. 2, 1861 
July 16, 1863 
Sept. 2, 1861 

July 11, 1863 

Sept. 2, 1861 
Feb. 29, 1864 

Sept. 2, 1861 
Sept. 2, 1861 

Sept. 2, 1861 
Jan. 1. 1862 

Feb. 27, 1864 
Sept. 2, 1861 
July 10, 1863 

Sept. 4, 1861 
Sept. 2, 1861 

Sept. 2, 1861 

Aug. 1, 1861 
Sept. 2, 1861 
Sept. 4, 1861 
Sept. 2 1861 

July 23, 1863 

Aug. 16, 1863 

Feb. 27, 1864 

Sept. 2, 1861 
Aug. 1, 1861 
Sept. 2, 1861 

Sept. 2, 1861 

Aug. 30, 1863 
Aug. 20, 1863 
Sept. 2, 1861 
July 12, 1863 

March 1, 1862 
Sept. 2, 1861 
Sept. 2, 1861 
Sept. 4, 1861 

Sept. 2, 1861 


3 
3 
3 

3 

3 
3 

3 
3 

3 
3 

3 
3 
3 

3 
3 

3 

3 
3 
3 
3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

'3' 

3 

3 
3 
3 
3 

3 

3 
3 
3 

3 


Discharged Aug. 1, 1862. 
Drafted. Mus out June 28, 1865. 
Died June 29, 1864, at Judiciary Square 


Burtz, Joseph W., .... 

Burke, James 

Burke, John, 


Hospital from wounds. 
Drafted. Discharged on Surgeon's 

certificate Dec. 29, 1864. 
Mus. out June 28, 1865— Vet. 
Discharged on surgeon's certificate. 


Baker, Isaac, 


Oct. 24, 1864. 
Died Jan. 8, 1862. 


Barnes, Geo. P., 

Barnett, Patrick, 

Benning, Edw. J., 

Benham, Josiah, ? 

Blackman, Frank, .... 
Bogard, Samuel, 

Charles, Th:mas, 

Connor, Thomas R., . . 

Cooper, Samuel, 

Cordell, John B., 


Pro. to Sergt. Co. F., Nov. 1, 1864— Vet. 
Wd. May 12, 1864, at Spottsylvania 
Mus. out Sept. 28, 1865. 

Deserted Feb. 1, 1862. 

Died in camp at Brandy Station, Va., 
Dec. 28, 1863. Buried at Culpepper. 
C. H., Va., 

Absent — Wd. at muster out. 

Died Nov. 23, 1861. 

Drafted — absent on detached duty at 
muster out. 

Absent sick at muster out of Company. 

Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862— dis- 
charged Sept. 7, 1864. 

Discharged March 12, 1863. Re-en- 
listed Mar. 5, 1864 and musteed out 
June 28, 1865. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. Vet. 


Dale, Charles W., 

Dale David W.,. 


Deserted Jan. 1, 1862. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. 


Daniels, Wm. H., 

Dawson, Geo. W., . . . . 

Danchart, Charles,... . 

Delay, Emanuel, .... 

Dille , James W., 

Dowdson, John, .♦ 


Discharged on surgeon's certificate, 
Dec. 1862. 

Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, 
Dec. 30, 1864. 

Substitute. Wd. May 10, 1864. De- 
serted Nov. 1, 1864. 

Wd. May 12, 1864 at Spottsylvania. 
in hospital at muster out of company. 

Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 

Absent on furlough at muster out. 


Dorman, Toney, 

Dolph, Samuel, 


Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. Re- 
ceived furlough from hospital and 
enlisted in 5th U. S. Artillery. 

Wd. at Fair Oaks May 31, 1862— dis- 


Driscall, Jerry, 


charged Sept. 18, 1862. 
Mus. out June 28, 1865. 


Ekis, Levi, 


Died Sept. 4, 1864. 


Ellis, Thomas C, 

Ellis, Henry, 


Killed at Spottsylvania May 9, 1864. 
Drafted— Wd. May 5, 1864 at Wilderness 


EUis, Elmer K., 


— absent in hospital at muster out. 
Discharged Mar. 30, 1863. 


Elson, Wm. G., 


Died Sept. 23, 1862. 


FairchUds, John L, . . . 
Fairchilds,, Wm. F.,... 

Fulkerson, Chas. W.,.. 


Killed May 9, 1864 at Spottsylvania. 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864— Wd. at Fair 
Oaks, May 31, 1862. 

Died May 16, 1865 at Fredericksburg, 
Va., of wounds received in action 
at Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864. 

1 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



187 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Fisher, Robert F., . 
Furguson, J., 



Gear, Dwight,. 



Gerard, Joseph,. 



Gray, Marshall, , 
Groflf, Alfred . . . . 



Gump, Henry,. 



Hagle, Frederick, . . 

Hall, John, 

Hamilton, Wm., . . . 
Hawk, Chester B.,. 



Private. July 
Private. July 



14, 
14, 



1863 
1863 



Private. Feb. 29, 1864 



Private. July 15, 1863 



Private.] July 
.Private. Sept. 



16, 
2. 



1863 
1861 



Private. July 16, 1863 



Hay, John W., 



Hays, J. L. 

Hazel, Henry G., 
Higgs, James, . . . . 
Hinkle, Wm.,... 



Private. Feb. 
Private. Sept. 
Private. Feb. 
Private. |Sept. 



24, 
2, 

9,' 
2 



1864 
1861 
18 4 
1861 



Private.! Sept. 2, 1861 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 



, Private. 



. Private. 



Holmes, John W., 

Hotchkiss, Jeremiah,. 

Horn, John, Private. 

Honeywell, Philip, ..... Private. 

Howe, Winfield, Private. 

Hood, Frank, Private. 

Howe, John, . Private. 

Huff. Levi, ! . Private. 



July 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 



Sept. 

Sept. 
July 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 



Hunker, Benj., Private. July 

Hunter, David, Private. Oct. 

Hurley, Wm., Private. July 



Jones, Jonah J., Private. 

Knox, James, Private. 



Mar. 
Feb. 



Kumph, John Private. Oct. 

Laban, John S., Private. Sept. 

La Barr, James S., Private.] Aug. 

Lanham, Votley, Private. July 



Lambaugh, James,. 



. Private. 



Leap, John, Private. 

Lenhart, Joseph, Private. 



Aug. 
July 
July 



13, 

12, 

4, 

2, 



2, 

16, 

20, 
2 



2, 
2, 
2, 

17, 
31, 
22 



11, 

27, 



30, 
2 

8', 
13, 

1, 
13, 
13. 



1863 
1864 
1861 
1861 



1861 

1861 
1863 

1864 

1861 



1861 
1861 
1861 

1863 
1861 
1863 



1865 
1864 



1861 
1861 
1861 
1863 
1861 
1863 
1863 



3 Drafted— Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
3 Died July 11, 1864 from wounds received 

at Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864. 
3 Discharged by general order May 13, 
1865. Wd. May 5, 1864 at Wilder- 
ness. 
3 Drafted. Died at Alexandria, Va., 
July 1, 1864, from wounds received in 
the Wilderness, May 5, 1864. 
3 Killed Mav 12, 1864 at Spottsylvania. 
3 Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862 and 

discharged Aug. 10 , 1862. 
3 Died June 9, 1864, from wounds received 

May 6, 1864, at Wilderness. 
3 Mus out June 28, 1865. 
3 Mus. out June 28, 1865— Vet. 
3 Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
3 Died Dee. 8, 1862 from exposure in rebel 

prison. 
3 Died Aug. 7, 1864, (buried in Arlington 
National Cemetery,) from wounds 
received July 12, 1864 at Fort Stevens. 
3 Killed May 9, 1864 at Spottsylvania. 
3 Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
3 Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. 
3 Discharged April 10, 1862. Re-enlisted 
Mar. 4, 1864, and discharged on sur- 
[ geon's certificate May 15, 1865. 
Transferred to 23rd. P. V. March 1, 1862 

— Teamster. 
Discharged Nov. 16, 1861. 
Substitute, Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Transferred to Co. C. 
Substitute. Discharged by general 

order June, 1865. 
Died Dec. 23, 1862 from wounds re- 
ceived Dec. 13, 1862 at Fredericks- 
burg. Buried in Mil. Asy. Cem. D. C. 
Deserted, Feb. 11, 1863. 
Discharged Nov. 2, 1865. Vet. 
Wd. at Fair Oaks May 31, 1862— Dis- 
charged Jan. 17, 1863. 
Substitute. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Mus. out Oct. 30, 1864. 
Wd. May 5, 1864 at Wilderness. Trans- 
ferred to Co. B., Mus. out June 28, 
1865. 
Disch. by G. O. June 24 1865. 
Missing at battle of Wilderness May 6, 
1864 — Supposed to have been captured 
and died in rebel prison. 
Mus. out Oct. 30, 1864. Exp. of term. 



Discharged Dec. 31, 1862. 
Drafted — absent sick at muster out. 
Absent — sick at muster out. 
Drafted. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Drafted. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 



188 



SIXTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 



NAME. 



Lippencott, Wm. 



Lowrey, Geo 

Maher, Thomas,. 
Martin, Charles. 



McDermott, L. A.,. . . . 
McFarland, Roderick.. 



McGahan, John . 
McGuire, Rufus,. 



McKnight. James, . 
McNabb, Jno. B.,. 
Minick, Uriah D., . 



Minig, Abram J. . . . 

Moore, Hiram, 

Morton, Ira 

Morton, Samuel A.,. 



Morrison, Thomas,... 
Morris, Richard V.,.. 



Munis, J., 

Myars, James A.,. 



Myers, Wm., 

Myers, Judson W.,. . . 
Newberry, Oliver G.,. 

Newsbigle. Joseph,. . . 
Nickerson, John, 



Nihart, Wm., 

O'Brien, Thomas,. . . . 



Partridge, Ross. . . 

Peach, Wm., 

Pembridge, John,. 

Peters, Obed, 

Piper, John 



Phillips, Wm. H.,. 
Phillips, Geo. S.,.. 



Puterbaugh, Alex.,. . . 
Robinson, Thos. M., . 



Ruger, IrUther, , 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



. Private. 

. Private. 
.Private. 
. Private. 



. Private, 
. Private 

. Private 
. Private 



Private 
Private 
Private 

. Private 
, Private 
, Private 
. Private 

. Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 



Sept. 2, 1861 



July 
July 
July 



15, 
13, 
15, 



. Private. 
.Private. 
. Private. 

.Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 



Sadler, Robert,. 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

■ Private. 

. Private. 
. Private, 

.Private 
. Private 



REMARKS. 



Sept. 
Sept. 

July 
Sept. 

Sept. 
July 
Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 

Aug. 
Feb. 

Sept. 

'Sept. 

'Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 
July 

Sept. 

[Aug. 

July 
Feb. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 

July 

Sept. 
Jan. 



2, 
2, 

25, 
4, 

2, 

25! 

2, 

2, 

2, 

2, 

29, 

1, 

28, 



12, 

2, 

29, 

2, 
14, 

13, 

1, 

10, 

18, 

2, 

2, 

2, 

2, 

30, 

2, 
4, 



1863 
1863 
1863 



1861 
1861 

1863 
1861 

1861 
1863 
1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 
1864 

1861 
1864 

1861 

1861 

1864 
1861 
1862 

1861 
1863 

1864 

1861 

1863 
1864 
1861 
1861 
1861 

1861 

1863 

1861 
1864 



Sept. 4, 1861 



July 21, 1863 



Transferred to Co., A. Mus. out June 

28, 1865. Veteran. 
Deserted Nov. 18, 1863. 
Drafted. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Drafted. Died at Port Royal, Va., 
May 24, 1864 of wounds received in 
action at Wilderness May 5, 1864. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 

Died May 20, 1864 from wounds re- 
ceived in action. 

Drafted. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Wd. at Fredericksburg, May 3, 1863. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. 

Deserted Feb. 11, 1863. 

Drafted. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. Wd. at Fair 
Oaks May 31, 1862. Vet. 

Discharged April 29, 1862. 

Died Jan.30, 1861 

Discharged May 24, 1862. 

Drafted. Discharged by general order 
June 20, 1865. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. Veteran. 

Discharged on surgeon's certificate May 
9, 1865. 

Died Mar. 19, 1862. Bu. in Mil. Asy. 
Cem. D. C, 

Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862 and dis- 
charged Sept. 6, 1862. 

Discharged by G. O. June 20, 1865. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. Veteran. 

Drafted. Mus. out by general order 
June 20, 1865. 

Discharged Feb. 11, 1863. 

Drafted. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 
Wd. at Petersburg June 20, 1864. 

Discharged by general order, June 20 
1865. 

Discharged by general order, June 3, 
1865. Veteran. 

Drafted. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Died April 8, 1862. 

Discharged Dec. 4, 1862. 

Killed May 18, 1864 at Spottsylvania 
—Vet. 

Pro. to Sergt. Co. F., Nov. 1, 1864— 
—Mus. out June 28, 1865. Vet. 

Drafted — Discharged on surgeon's certi- 
ficate May 15, 1865. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. Veteran. 

Discharged bv general order June 23, 
1865. Wd. May 5, 1864 at Wilderness 

Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. Trans- 
ferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, Feb. 
29, 1864. 

Drafted. Mus out June 28, 1865. 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUNTEERS 



189 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Sanders, Jacob.. . . 
Sayre, Vincent I.,. 
Seipe, Frederick,.. 



Private. 
, Private. 
, Private. 



Schlabach, Jonathan,.- .Private. 

Shafer, Nathan, . Private. 

Shafer, Frederick N.,.- .Private. 

Shafer, Samuel, Private. 



Sheiber, Jesse, . Private. 



Shodden, Lewis, . 
Shuler, Samuel,. . 
Smith, John D., . 



Stiver, Chester B. 
Stout, Theo. L., . . 



. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 



Stroth, Geo., Private 



Sweeney, John 

Sweniger, Bazil, 

Sylvis, Jacob, 

Tanfield, Thos. A., . . 
Tribble, Wm. F.,.. . . 

Trickier, Wm 

Thorp, Levi, 



Sept. 2, 

Sept. 2, 

Sept. 2, 

Sept. 4, 

Sept. 4, 

March 5, 



1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 
1864 



Feb. 20, 1864 



Sept. 4, 1861 



Feb. 
Feb. 
Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 



29, 

24, 

9, 



1864 
1864 
1864 

1861 
1861 



Sept. 2, 1861 



. Private. 
. Private. 
>Private.; 
. Private. 'Sept. 
. Private. Sept. 



Sept. 
July 
July 



Tucker, Thos. O.,. 



Private. 
. Private. 

Private. 



Tucker, Joseph, 

Turner, Nathan, 

Van Garkin, Wesley, 
Vaugh, Joseph, , 



Feb. 
Oct. 



2, 
10, 
21, 

2, 

A, 
29, 
31, 



1862 
1863 
1863 
1861 
1861 
1864 
1861 



Mar. 7, 1864 



Vettenberg, James,... 

Ward, Wm. H.. 

Waring, Geo. E., . . . . 

Wilbert, John, 

Wilcox, Crandall A.,, 
Wiley, John, 



. Private. 
, Private. 
. Private. 
Private. 



Willard, David,. 



Willard. John 

Williams, Townsand, 

Wilson, John, 

Worrell, John 

Zaun, Charles, 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 



Feb. 24, 

Sept. 13, 

Mar. 1, 

Tuly 13, 



Feb. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 



29, 
2, 
2, 
2, 
2, 
4. 



1864 
1862 
1862 
1863 



1864 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 



Private. Mar, 1, 1864 



.Private. Mar, 
. Private. Sept. 
. Private. iSept. 
.Private.! July 
. Private. Sept. 



o, 

2, 

14, 

2, 



1864 
1861 
1861 
1863 
1861 



Wd. at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. Mus. 
out vSept. 7, 1864. 

Died May 25, 1863. Buried at York- 
town, Va. 

Killed in action near Charlestown, Va., 
Aug. 21, 1864 at Flowing Spring. 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. 

Mus. out Sept. 7. 1864. 

Wd. at Fort Stevens July 12, 1864— Dis- 
charged Aug. 7, 1865 

Transferred to Vet. Res. Corps, Jan. 17, 
1865. Wd. May 10, 1864 in Upton's 
Charge at Spottsylvania. 

Wd. at Fredericksburg, May 3, 1863. 
Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

Absent, wounded at muster out. 

Drafted. Discharged by general order 
June 20, 1865. 

Transferred to Co. H., 1st. Pa. Art. 

Died Dec. 28, 1863 of woimds received 
at Fredericksburg May 3, 1863, in 
charge on Marj^e's Heights. 

Wd. at Fair Oaks and died from effects 
in Richmond, Va. June 6, 1862. 

Mus. out June 28, "l865. Vet. 

Drafted. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 



3 

3 

3 Drafted. Absent sick at muster out. 

3 Killed at Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864. 

3 Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. 

3 Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

3 Died at Andersonville, Ga. Aug. 31, 
1865. 
Died at Alexandria, Va., May 28, 1864 
(Grave 1953) from wounds re- 
ceived May 27, 1864.— Vet. 

3 Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

3 iDisch. by general order June 20, 1865. 

3 Disch. on surg. certificate Dec. 29, 1864. 

3 Drafted. Died at Fredericksburg, Va., 
May 26, 1864, from wounds received 
in action. 

3 Died at Philadelphia, April 22, 1864. 

3 Killed May 9, 1864 at Spottsylvania. 

3 Discharged Jan. 6, 1863. 

3 Deserted Nov. 15, 1861, 

3 Killed May 9, 1864, at Spottsylvania. 

3 Wd. at Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864. 
Absent at expiration of term. Dis- 
charged from Hodington hospital, 
Philadelphia, Nov. 4. 1864. 
Died May 17, 1864 from wounds received 
] at Wilderness May 6, 1864. 

3 Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

3 Died Dec. 4, 1861. 

3 Mus. out June 28, 1865— Veteran. 

3 Drafted. Mus. out June 28, 1865. 

3 Mus. out June 28, 1865— Veteran. 



190 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 



COMPANY E. 

RECRUITED IN ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 



NAME. 



DATE OP MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Alexander Hay,... . 
Wm. H. Crawford,. 

Wm. J. Glenn, 



Chas. H. Clausen, . . 
Andrew J. Bingham. 



.Capt... 
.Capt... 

.Capt... 



Aug. 
Aug. 



.Capt.. 
.Capt.. 



Aug. 
Aug. 



Henry M'Lauglin, . 
Samuel W. Means, 

John Barrett, 

William M. Price,., 



George F. Harper 

Bergan M. Dowell.... 
Charles H. Bewley, . . 

John M'Vay 

Fred'k Masonheimer 
James I. Earle, 



Charles W. Leslie, . . 
Peter A. Grush 



Abednego Davis . 



.1st. Lt.. 
.1st. Lt.. 

.1st. Lt.. 
.1st. Lt.. 

.2d. Lt.. 
.2d. Lt.. 
.2d. Lt.. 
.2d. Lt.. 
1st. Sgt. 

1st. Sgt 

1st. Sgt- 
.Serg't.. 



Aug. 
Aug. 

Sept. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



Serg't.. 



Aug. 
Feb. 



1, 1861 3 
1, 1861 3 



Aug. 1, 1861 



21, 1861 
1, 1861 



1, 1861 
1, 1861 

4, 1861 
1, 1861 

1, 1861 
1 ,1861 
4, 1861 
1, 1861 
1, 1861 



1, 1861 
1, 1864 



Mar. 22, 1864 



Aug. 1, 1861 3 



Resigned May 20, 1862. 

Prom, from 1st. Lt. to Capt., May 21, 

1862— Resigned Dec. 18, 1862. 
Prom, to 2d. Lt., May 21st. 1862— to 

Capt. Mar. 1, 1864 — wounded at 

Charlestown, Va., Aug. 21, 1864— 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — exp. of term. 
Prom, from 1st Lt. Co. A. to Capt. Oct. 

1, 1864— disch. Feb. 10, 1865, for 

wounds re'cd in action. 
Prom. Corp. Co. C. May 9, 1863— Sergt. 

May 6, 1864; 1st Sergt. Sept 12, 1864; 

Trans, to Co. E. Nov. 1864; Prom. 1st. 

Lt. Nov. 6, 1864; Prom. Capt. Feb. 

Feb. 28, 1865; wounded at Fair Oaks 

May 31, 1862; and at Winchester 

Va., Sept. 19, 1864; Mus. out and 

disch. Camp Reynold, Pa. with the 

Company July 3d. 1865. 
Prom, to 2d. Lt. Sept. 1861— to 1st Lt., 

May 21, 1862— disch. Dec. 22, 1863. 
Promoted to 1st. Lt., March 1, 1863 — 

mustered out. Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 
Transferred from Company C — killed 

at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864. 
Promoted to 2d. Lieut., Dec. 22, 1864— 

to 1st Lt., Feb. 27, 1865— wounded 

April 2, 1865 — absent at muster out. 

Vet. 
Promoted frm 1st Sgt. to 2d. Lt., March 

1, 1863— died May 18, 1863, of wounds 

received in action. 
Promoted from 1st Sgt. to 2d. Lt., Sept. 

12, 1863.— mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 

— expiration of term. 
Promoted from 1st Sgt. to 2d. Lt., Oct. 

Oct. 10, 1864— to Capt. company G. 

Dec. 18, 1864— Vet. 
Promoted from Sgt. company G. to 2d. 

Lt., March 1, 1865 — mus. out with 

Co., June 28, 1865.— Vet. 
Promoted to 1st. Sgt. Feb. 18, 1865— 

mustered out with company, June 28, 
865— Vet. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 164 — expiration 

of term. 
Died November 24, 1861. 
Promoted to Sergeant, December 22, 

1864 — mustered out with company, 

June 28, 1865. 
Promoted to Sergt. March 15, 1865 — 

mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUNTEERS 



191 



NAME. 



DATE OP MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



John Beck, 

Myers Updegraff,. . . . 

Joseph Myers, 

Alb't G. C. Calhoun. 

James O. Little 

Peter D. Hipsley. . . , 



Thomas J. Moore, . . 
William H. Rodgers. 



John Davis, 

Geogre C. Saul,... 
William P. Riley. 
John Blake, 



Andrew G. Evans 

Giistavus F. Bowers. . 

Charles B. Barrett,.. . 

John Lighthill 

Sam'l G. Merriman . . . 



Samuel Melvin . 

Amsy Painter . . 
John Orr, 



William Wilson. . 
Henry Feuhake, . 
William Russell,.. 



Jacob Fogle, . 



John Woods 

Geo. H. Shanafelt. 



John. Fairbanks,... 
Geo. W. M'Dowell. 
John Robinson .... 



Serg't . . 

Serg't.. 

Serg't... 

Serg't . . 

Serg't.. 

Serg't . . 

Serg't.. 
Serg't., 

Serg't. 
Serg't., 
Serg't. 
.Corp.. 



. .Corp.. 
. ..Corp. 

.Corp.. . 

. .Corp.. 

. .Corp.. 



.Corp.. 

.Corp.. 
.Corp.. 



.Corp.. 
.Corp.. 
.Corp.. 



,Corp. 

.Corp. 
.Corp. 



Feb. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Sept. 

Sept. 

July 

May 

Mar. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

July 
Aug. 



Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 



.Corp... 'Aug. 
.Corp... [Aug. 



.Corp... 



7, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 
1, 

1, 
1, 
1, 
4, 

4, 

9, 

9, 

9, 

1, 

1, 

16, 
1. 



1864 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 

1861 
1861 
1864 
1861 

1861 

1863 

1864 

1864 

1861 

1861 

1863 
1861 



1861 
1861 
1862 



1. 1861 



Aug. 



1861 
1861 



1861 
1861 
1861 



Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Mustered out Sept. 7, 1864 — expir-JI 

ation of term. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 

of term. 
Promoted to Sergeant Major, Jan. 8. 

1865— Vet. 
Killed at Fisher's Hill, Va., Sept. 21, 

1864— Vet. 
Killed at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864 

Vet. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Promoted to Q. M Sgt. December 8, 

1861. 

Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Mustered out with Company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Promoted to Corporal, Sept. 4, 1864 — 

absent, sick, at muster out — Vet. 
Drafted — promoted to Corporal, April 

8, 1865 — mustered out with company 

June 28, 1865. 
Promoted to Corporal, Sept. 4, 1864— 

discharged by General Order, May 

26, 1865. 
Promoted to Corporal, Dec. 22, 1864 — 

mustered out with company, June 

28, 1865. 
Promoted to Corporal, Feb. 8, 1865— 

mustered out with Company, June 

28, 1865— Vet. 
Promoted to Corporal, March 15, 1865 

mustered out with Company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Prisoner from May 6, to Dec. 7, 1864 — 

mustered out Dec. 11, 1864 — expirati 

tion of term. 
Absent, wounded, at expiration of term. 
Absent, wounded at expiration of term. 
Discharged on Surg, certificate — date 

unknown. 
Mustered out, vSept. 7 1864-expiration of 

term. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Promoted to Cor., March 1, 1862— to 

1st Sgt. to 2d. Lt., company A. April 

4, 1865— Vet. 
Promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1862 — not 

on muster-out roll. 
Promoted to Corporal, March 1, 1862 — 

not on muster-out roll. 
Promoted to Corporal, February 1, 1862 

not on muster-out roll. 



192 



SI XTY-FIRS T REGIMENT 



NAME. 


DATE OF MUSTER 
^^ • INTO SERVICE. 


1 


REMARKS. 


Henry Buchanan 


..Corp... . 
..Corp... 

Musician 
Musician 
. Private. 


'an. 
A.ug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aue. 


23, 1864 
1, 1861 

1, 1861 
1, 1861 
1, 1861 


3 
3 

3 
3 
3 


Mustered out with company, June 28, 


Al nzo N. Billings,... . 

F. B. IVI'Namara 

David Fitzgerals, 

Agy William 


1865. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 

Jan.l7 1862— reenlisted Jan. 28, 1864 

— mustered out with company, June 

28, 1865 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Feb. 

3, 1862. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 

Jan. 17, 1862. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 




. Private 


1865— Vet. 
3 |Not on muster-out roll. 




. Private. 


3 Not on muster-out roll. 


Alexander.Edward 

Burns, Francis, 

Boyd James 


. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
.Private. 

.Private. 

.Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 
.Private. 
.Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private 
. Private 
. Private 

. Private 

. Private 

. Private 


Sept. 

Oct. 

July 

Aug. 

Dec. 

July 
Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
July 
July 

July 

Dec. 

Aug. 
Sept. 

July 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 


9, 1864 

8, 1864 
14, 1863 
18, 1863 

1, 1863 

29, 1863 
4, 1861 

4, 1861 

4, 1861 

4, 1861 

■ 4, 1861 

16, 1863 

9, 1863 

21. 1863 

21, 1863 

1, 1861 

26, 1864 

16, 1862 
1, 1861 
1, 1861 

1, 1861 

1, 186] 

1, 186] 
1. 186] 


1 
1 
3 
3 

3 

3 
3 

3 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

3 

3 
3 

1 

3 
3 
3 

3 

L 3 

L 3 
3 


Discharged by General Order, June 

25, 1865. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Drafted — wounded at Wilderness, Va., 


Bunsher, Frank 

Berre, Michael 

Brooks, George, 

Berger, George, 

Barnett, Robert, 

Burrows, George, 

Best, Thomas, 


May 1864 — absent at muster out. 

Drafted— wounded Aug. 21, 1864— dis- 
charged by General Order, May 21, 
1865. 

Mustered out with Company, June 28, 
1865— Vet. 

Drafted — absent, sick at muster out. 

Disch. on Surg. cert. March 27, 1862— 
re-enlisted Feb. 1, 1864— mus. out 
with company., June 28, 1865. 

Deserted — returned — mustered out with 
company, June 28, 1865. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster out roll. 


Bowen, Weston, 

Christ, Michael, 

Connelly, Gottfried,.. . 

Colters, Theo. H., . 


Not on muster-out roll. 
Drafted— disch. June 13, 1865. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Drafted— wounded at SpottsylvamaC. 


Crush, Adam, 


H., May 10, 1864. Disch. July 15, 
1865. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 


Campbell, John, 


1865— Vet. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864— expira- 


Coleman, Samuel J., . . 

Cole, David, 

Champion, John h- ■ . . 

Chantler, William 

Cordell, John B., 


tion of term. 
Drafted— discharged by G. 0., June 23, 

1865. 
Drafted— deserted July 25, 1865. 
Deserted May 16, 1864— Vet. 
Died Sept. 18, 1862— buried in Military 

Asylum Cemetery, D. C. 
Transferred to company D — date un- 


Clark, James 


known. 
Died May 10, 1862 — buried in Cypress 


Conolin, John, 


Hill Cemetry, Long Island. 
Not on muster-out roll. 


Crainor, Lewis, 


. Private 


Not on muster-out roll. 













PENNSYLVANJ A VO LUN TEE RS 



193 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Charles, Thomas,. 
Donohue, Hugh,. . 



Private. Aug. 



Private. 



Davidson, Williamk. 
Dufl, George, 



Aug. 



Private. Aug. 
Private. Aug. 



Dowden, John,. 



Drapier, Thomas,. 
Davidson, Daniel, . 



Dougherty, John,. . . 
Dunlap, Archibald, . 
Eckenroad, Frank,., 



Eckenroad, Wm.,.. 
Eaton, Joseph, ... 
Edmonson, Qwen, . 
Evans, Jeremiah, . . 
Eichberg, Henry, . . 
Echenroad, James,. 

Eckey, Robert 

Fox, Henry, 

Fielding, Amos,... . 



Franklin, Benj., . . . . 

Fields, Watson 

Fields, Enoch, 

Fell, George W 

Gould. Charles M.,. 
Good, William 



Gibbs, Charles W.,. 

Gallagher, John, 

Grimes, Wm. L.,.. . 
Henderson, Jos. B.,. 



Henderson, Mathew, 
Huston, John 



. Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 

Private. 
.Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

.Private. 

. Private. 

.Private. 

. Private. 

, Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private 
. Private 



Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
July 

July 

July 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

July 

Oct. 

Mar. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



Private. 
Private. Aug. 
Private. Aug. 
Private. Jan. 



Harris, Robert, 

Hunter, David, G.,. 



.Private. 
. Private. 

Private. 

Private. 



Hulmus, George,... 
Heffner, Michael,.. 
Holmes, James R.,. 
Hamilton, Wm.,.. . 
Hanlon, Daniel, . . . 



. Private. 
. Private. 

Private. Aug. 

Private. Aug. 
. Private, Aug. 



Feb. 
Jan. 

Aug. 

Aug. 



Aug. 
Aug. 



1 
1 

1 

1 

11 

11 

14 

1 

1 
19 
11 
31 

9 

1 

1 

1 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 



Aug. 1 



1861 

1861 

1861 
1864 

1861 

1861 
1861 

1861 
1861 
1863 

1863 

1863 

1861 

1861 

1864 

1863 

1861 

1864 

1861 

1861 
1863 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 
1864 

1864 
,1864 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 



Transferred to Co. D — date unknown 
i —Vet. 

Mustered out with company, June 29, 
1865— Vet, 

Absent, wounded, at expiration of term. 
(Discharged by General Order, June 25, 
1 1865. 

Transferred to Company D — date un- 

j known. 

I Not on muster-out roll. 

Discharged on Surgeon's certificate 
Jan. 17, 1862. 

[Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 
28, 1865. 

Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

I 28, 1865. 

Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 
28, 1865. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 

Discharged by General Order, June 20, 
1865. 

Drafted — discharged by sentence of 
General Court Martial — date unknown 

Mustered out, Oct, 31, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 

Msutered out with company, June 28, 
1865. 

Absent, withut leave, at muster out — 
Vet. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Absent, wounded at muster out. 

Transferred to Vet. Res. Corps — date 
unknown. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Capt'd. at Wilderness, May 6, 1864 
— absent at mus. out. 

Absent, on furlough, at muster out. 

Discharged by General Order, July 17, 
1865. 

Mustered out with companv, June 28, 
1865— Vet. 

Absent, without leave, at expiration of 
term. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 

Not on muster-out roll. 



194 



SIXTY-FIRST REGIMEN T 



NAME. 



Hall, John, 

Hillman, Joseph,... . 
Isett, Thompson B.,. 



Johnson, John, . . 
Kessley, Adam,... 
Kidders, Orville,. 



Keller, Simon, 

Kirkland, Andrew,. 
Kinney, James,. . . . 



Kinney, Perry, . . 
Lafferty, James, . 



Lawson, Archibald, . 



Latham, Edward,. 

Levi, Henry, 

Law, Robert 



Lighthill, J. K. P.,. 
Lewis, George W.,. 



Leesh, John, 

Lefever, Charles, . . . 
Lambaugh, James,. . 

Marks, Aaron, 

Merriman, Thomas,. 

Merriman, William.. 
Mathews, Joseph . . . 



Private 
Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Oct. 

Aug. 



Miller, Charles. F.,. 
Metzgar, Joseph, . . 



Morrow, John, , 
Miller, James,.. 



Mushett, Robert,.. 
Marshall, Robert,.. 
Morrison, Thomas,. 

M'Elroy, William, . 



M'Carty, Thomas,.. 
M'Mannus, Francis, 
M'CoUum, William,. 



Newman, George,. 
Niellis, Robert,. . . 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

Private. 
Private. 
Private, 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 
.Private. 

. Private. 

. Private 

. Private 
. Private 

. Private 
. Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private 
. Private. 
. Private 

. Private 

. Private. 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Dec. 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Jan. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

July 

Aug. 

Aug. 
July 

Jan. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Sept. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

July 

Feb. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Jan. 

Aug. 



1, 1861 
1, 1861 
1, 1861 

25, 1864 

1, 1861 



Dec. 21 



29 

29 

1 

1 

4 

15 
1 
1 

14 

1 

1 
14 

1, 

1. 

1 
15 

1, 
1, 
1 

14 

7 



29 



1861 
1861 
1861 

1861 
1863 

1863 

1864 
1864 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1864 
1861 
1861 

1863 

1861 

1861 
1863 

1864 

1861 

1861 
1862 

1861 
1861 
1861 



REMARKS. 



1863 3 



1861 
1861 
1861 

1864 

1861 



Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster out roll. 
Died Oct. 25, 1862— bu. in Mil. Asy. 

Cem., D. C. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Absent, without leave, at muster out. 
Absent, without leave, at muster-out. 
Transferred to Vet. Res. Corps — d.nte 

unknown. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Mustered out, Oct. 31, 1864 — expiration 

tion of term. 
Deserted May 16, 1864. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Transferred to Company D — date un- 
known. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Absent, sick at muster out — Vet. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Companv, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 
Absent, wounded, at expiration of term. 
Discharged by General Order, June 28, 

1865. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Transferred to Co. — date unknown. 

—Vet. 
Drafted — absent, without leave, at 

muster out. 
Absent, sick, at muster-out. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Discharged 1862, for wds. rec. at Fair 

Oaks, Va. 
Mustered out with Company, June 28, 

1865. 
Not on muster-out roll. 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



195 



NAME. 



Nolder, James, . . . . 
Nolder, Samuel, . . . 

O'Hanlon, Daniel, 
O'Donnell, James, 
O'Brien, Thomas,. 

Parton, George, . . . 

Parker, Harrison,. 

Pile, Emanuel, ... 



Powers, David H.,.. 
Peach, William, .... 
Roseberg, Peter, B.,. 



Roberts, Jacob,. ... 
Robinson, John T., 



Roberts, Robert,. . . . 
Rinehart, George,. . . 

Ross, William, 

Ross, James A., .... 
Rhodes, Charles H.,. 
Scott, James B.,.. . . 
Schnider, John W.,.. 
Spoonhow, James . . 
Snyder, Charles W.,. 
Stevens, Benjamin, . 

Stoughton, Silas 

Smith, Gottlieb, .... 

Shide, Peter, 

Shrepp, Henry 

Strohm, William, . . . 

Solar, Jacob, 

Spear, John S., 



DATE OK MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



Private. 
Private. 

Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 
.Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

Private. 
. Private. 
.Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 

Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 

Private. 
. Private. 
.Private. 
. Private 
. Private 

Private 

Private 



Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Dec. 

July 

Sept. 

Dec. 
Aug. 
Dec. 

July 
Dec. 

Dec. 

Aug. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Aug. 

Feb. 

Dec. 

July 

Jan. 

July 

July 

July 

July 

July 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Feb. 



1, 
1, 

1, 
1, 
1, 

21, 

16, 

26, 

21, 
1, 

21, 

14, 
21, 

21, 

12, 

8, 

15, 

1, 

8, 

21. 

14, 

28, 

17, 

14, 

29, 

15, 

22, 

19, 



1861 
1861 



18611 3 



1861 
1861 

1864 

1863 

1864 

1863 
1861 
1863 

1863 
1863 

1863 

1863 

1864 

1864 

1861 

1864 

1863 

1863 

1864 

1863 

lb63 

1863 

1863 

1863 

1864 

1864 

1864 



REMARKS. 



Not on muster-out roll. 

Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 

Mar. 24, 1863. 
Absent, wounded, at expiration of term. 

Died at Richmond, Va. — date unknown. 

Transferred to Company D — date un- 
known — Vet. 

Mustered out with company, June 28, 
1865— Vet. 

Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 
28, 1865. 

Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 
1865. 

Deserted May 16, 1864— Vet. 

Not on muster-out roll. — Vet. 

Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Drafted — absent, sick, at muster out. 
Captured May 14, 1864— ab. at muster 

out — Vet. 
Captured May 14, 1864 — ab. at muster 

out— Vet. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 

20, 1865. 
Disch. on Surgon's certificate — date 

unknown. 
Discharged by General Order, May 13, 

1865. 
Transferred to Companv C. January 

28, 1862. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Drafted — absent, without leave, at mus- 
ter out. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865.— Vet. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28. 1865. 
Drafted— mustered out with Co., June 

28. 1865. 
Drafted — absent, without leave, at 

muster out. 
Drafted— absent, without leave, at 

muster out. 
Drafted— discharged by G. O., June 

15, 1865. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

2865. 
Captured May 15, 1864 — absent at 

muster out. 
Mustered out witli company, June 28, 
1865. 



196 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 







DATE OF MUSTER 


i 

< 

w 




NAME. 


RANK 


INTO SERVICE. 


1 


REMARKS. 


Swain, Morris S., 


. Private. 


Oct, 


28, 


1864 


1 


Mustered out witti Company, June 28, 
1865. 


Spielman, George, .... 


.Private. 


Aug. 


17, 


1864 


3 


Discharged by General Order, June 
25, 1865. 


Storms, Michael, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


28, 


1862 


3 


Discharged by General Order, June 25, 
1865. 


Smith, Samuel S., 


. Private. 


July 


14, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — disch. on Sargeon's certificate 
— date unknown. 


Stohl, Charles, 


. Private. 


Dec. 


21, 


1863 


3 


Disch, on Suregon's certificate — date 
unknown. 


Steward, Daniel, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


19, 


1863 


3 


Wd. in action— tr. to V. R. C. — date 
unknown. 


Seller, Augustus R.,. . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Promoted to 2d. Lt. Co. F. Jan. 8, 1865 
—Vet. 


Schonberger, C 


. Private. 


.Tuly 


19, 


1863 


3 


Died at Philadelphia — date unknown. 


Stewart, James S., . . . . 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Stewart, Samuel, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Sample, John S., 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1. 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Shan, Lebias A., 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Died February 14, 1862. 


Stiteler, Samuel E.,. . 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Sissler, William, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


18611 3 


Died at Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 17, 1862. 


Taylor, John S., 


. Private. 


July 


14, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — wounded at Wilderness, May 
5, 1864— discharged, Sept. 5, 1865. 


Thoburn, James, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 


Thorpe, Levi, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Captured May 6, 1864 — died at Ander- 




sonville, Ga., Aug. 31st, 1864 — grave 














7,409. 


Tate, Robert, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Thompson, Rob't. M. . 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1. 


1861 


3 


Transferred to Co D — date un -known 

—Vet. 
Died December 17, 1861. 


Thorton, Robert, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


\, 


1861 


3 


Thomas, Ira., 


. Private. 
. Private. 


Aug. 
Aug. 


1, 
1, 


1861 
1861 


3 
3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Tintsman, Samuel,. . . . 


Transferred to Co. D — date unknown 

—Vet. 
Drafted— wd. July 18, 1864— absent at 


Wadsworth, S. J., 


. Private. 


July 


14, 


1863 


3 














mus. out. 


Wallace, John, 


.Private. 


Dec. 


21, 


1863 


3 


Mustered out with company, June 28, 




1865— Vet. 


Woods, James J., 


. Private. 


Feb. 


1, 


1864 


3 


Mustered out with company, June 28, 
1865. 


Walters, Charles, 


. Private. 


Nov. 


14, 


1864 


3 


Mustered out with company, June 28, 
1865. 


Walters, John 


. Private. 


July 


16, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — discharged by G. O., Sept. 
25, 1865. 


Worthington , Wm . , . . . . 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 


Wallace, Lewis P., . . . . 


. Private. 


Aug. 


16, 


1863 


3 


Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 
5, 1865. 


Whalley, Thomas, .... 


. Private. 


Dec. 


21, 


1863 


3 


Deserted August, 3, 1864— Vet. 


Wolf, John, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Died July 1. 1862— bu. in Cypress Hill 




. Cem., L. I. 


Wilson, John, 


. Private. 
. Private. 


Aug. 
Aug. 


1, 
17, 


1861 
1864 


3 
3 


Not on mu,ster-out roll. 


Wild, Balthaser, 


Discharged by General Order, June 20, 














1865. 


Young, Jonathan 


. Private. 


Dec. 


21, 


1863 


3 


Mustered out with company, June 28, 
1865— Vet. 


Yates, Thomas, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUNTEERS 



197 



Note: — 

Capt. Glenn in a letter to the Historian, dated May 5, 1908, said, "Capt. Crawford of 
Co. E, just after the battle of Fair Oaks wrote, — 

"About noon on Sautrday the rebels hove in sight. 

Their courage raised by whiskey they thought to give us fight, 

But they soon found out that fighting was a game that two could play 

And the rebels did the running on the 31st of May." 

COMPANY F. 
RECRUITED AT PITTSBURGH. 







DATE OF MUSTER 


1 




NAME. 


RANK 










REMARKS. 






INTO SERVICE. 


g 




Isaac Wright, 


. .Capt... 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Resigned January 30, 1862. 


Charles H. Bryson, . . . 


..Capt... 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Resigned Nov. 27, 1862. 


Wm. H. Rodgers, 


..Capt... iAug. 


1, 


1861 3 


Pr. to 1st. Lt. Nov. 27, 1862— to Capt. 














Sept. 12, 1863— mus. out, Sept. 7. 














1864 — exp. of term. 


Charles M. Cyphers,... 


..Capt... 


Sept. 


2, 


1861 


3 


Promoted from 1st. Lieut. Co. D., Jan. 
6, 1865 — disch. on Surgeon's certi- 












ficate, May 15. 1865. 


Matthew C. Steele,.. . 


. 1st. Lt. 


Aug. 


1. 


1861 


3 


Resigned Oct. 14, 1862. 


George B. M'Kee, . . . . 


. 1st. Lt. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Promoted fr. 1st. Sgt. to 2d. Lt.— to 1st. 
Lt. Sept. 12, 1863— Mus. out, Sept. 7, 
1864 — exp. of term. 


Edw'd. R. Robinson... 


..1st. U.. 


Sept. 


2, 


1861 


3 


Pr. fr. Cor. Co. A. to 1st. Sgt. Nov. 1, 
1864— to 1st. Lt. ,Jan. 8, 1865— com. 
Capt., May 16, 1865 — not mus. out 
with Co., June 28, 1865— Vet. 


William Young, 


..2d. Lt.. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Resigned Nov. 31, 1861. 


Wilt Rippey, 


..2d. Lt.. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Resigned Dec. 25, 1862. 


Albert Reeder, 


..2d. Lt.. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Promoted from 1st. Sgt. to 2d. Lt., 




resigned Sept. 12, 1863— March 24, 














1864. 


Albert Reeder, 


..2d. Lt.. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Promoted from 1st. Sgt. to 2d Lt., 




Sept. 12. 1863— resigned March 24, 














1864. 


John Caldwell 


..2d. Lt.. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Promoted fr. Sgt. Maj. to 2d. Lt., April 




19, 1864— Disch. Oct.. 1864, for wound 














rec. July 12, 1864. 


Augustus R. Seller, . . . 


..2d. Lt.. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Promoted from priv. Co. E. to 2d. Lieut., 
Jan. 8, 1865— to 1st. Lt. and Adj., 
Apr. 6, 1865— Vet. 


George P. Barnes, .... 


..2d. Lt.. 


Sept. 


2, 


1861 


3 


Pr. fr. priv. Co. D. to Sgt., Nov. 1, 1864 
—to 2d. Lt., Apr. 6, 1865— com. 1st. 
Lt. May 16, 1865 — not mus. — mus. 
out with Co., June 28, 1865— Vet. 


William H. Puillips,... 


.1st. Sgt. 


Mar. 


27, 


1864 


3 


Pr. fr. Cor. Co. D. to Sgt., Nov. 1, 1864 
—to 1st. Sgt., Apr. 6, 1865— com. 
2d Lt. May 16, 1865 — not mus. — mus. 
out with Co., June 28, 1865— Vet. 


James S. M'Elroy,.. . . 


.1st. Sgt. 


Aug. 


1, 


1861 


3 


Transferred to company G., Nov. 1, 1864 
—Vet. 


George Garvin, 


.Serg't.. 


Sept. 


4. 


1861 


3 


Promoted from Corporal Co. C, to 






'lAifl^^, ' mt d 




Serg't., Nov. 1, 1864 — mus. out with 






f 


i#^ 




Co., June 28, 1865,— Vet. 


David H. Davis, 


.Serg't.. 


Sept. 


%, 


|1861 


3 


Pr. fr. priv. Co. A., to Cor., Nov. 1, 1864 
— to Sgt., Jan. 8, 1865 — mus. out with 
Co., June 28, 1865— I'et. 



198 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Kinsley Stephens,. 



David A. Carr, 

William A. Allison,.. 

James Calhoun, 

George Borland,.. . . 



Wesley A. Young, 
Andrew Voegtly,.. 
Geo. S. Blanset . . 



Lewis Vosler,. . . 
James Milligan, . 
Frank L. Blair,. 



William Miller,. . . . 

George Armer, .... 

Jonas M. Cook, . . . 

Giles Leonard, 

Bowers L. Hunter,. 

Robert Kennedy, . . 
John B. Findley,... 



Aughenbaugh, Jno.,. 
Baker, James, 



Serg't . 

Serg't. 
Serg't. 
Serg't. 
.Corp., 



.Corp.. . 

.Corp... 

.Corp... 

.Corp... 
.Corp... 
.Corp... 

.Corp... 
.Corp... 
.Corp.. . 
.Corp... 
.Corp... 



Alexander Graham, . . . 

Allison, Robert, 

Andrews, Martin 

Adams, James, 

Adams, William A.,. . . 



..Corp.. 
Musician 

Musician 

. Private 

. Private 

. Private 

. Private. 



Bittner, Cyrus M.,. 
Barnhart, William,. 



Private 
Private. 

Private 

Private, 



Aug. 


1, 


Sept. 


2, 


Aug. 


1, 


July 


14, 


Oct. 


26, 


July 


14, 


Oct. 


26, 


Aug. 


1, 


Aug. 


1, 


Aug. 


1, 


Sept. 


29, 


Oct. 


26, 


Sept. 


26, 


Sept. 


20, 


Sept. 


29, 


Aug. 
Sept. 


1, 

26, 


Aug. 


1, 


Oct. 


26, 


Aug. 


1, 


Aug. 


1, 


Nov. 


6. 


Aug. 
Oct. 


1, 
26, 


Oct. 


26, 


Oct. 


26, 



1861 
1862 
1861 
1863 

1864 

1863 

1864 

1861 
1861 
1861 

1864 

1864 

1864 

1864 

1864 

1861 
1864 

1861 

1864 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1864 

1864 

1864 



,Sub. — pr. fr. priv. Co. B. to Cor., Nov. 

1, 1864— to Sgt., Apr. 6, 1865,— mus. 

out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 

of term. 
Discharged by General Order, June 20, 

1865. 
Killed, Battle of Fair Oaks, May 31, 

1862. 
Drafted — promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, 

1, 1864, — mus. out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Substitute — promoted to Corporal, Nov. 

1, 1864 — mustered out with Company, 
June 28, 1865. 

Drafted — promoted to Corporal, April 

6, 1865 — mustered out with company, 

June 28, 1865. 
Substitute — promoted to Corporal, June 

21, 1865 — mustered out with company 

June 28, 1865. 
Promoted to Corporal, May 6, 1864 — 

absent, wd., at expiration of term. 
Captured October 11, 1863— absent 

at mus. out. 
Prisoner from May 6, to Nov. 19, 1864 

— mustered out, January 18, 1865 — 

expiration of term. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Substitute — discharged by G. O., June 

2, 1865. 

Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Not on muster-out roll— Vet. 
Substitute — discharged by G. O., June 

20, 1865. 
Transferred to company C — date un- 
known — Vet. 
Drafted — absent, on furlough at muster 

out. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 

of term. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Jan. 

10, 1862. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Mar 

22, 1863. 
Died at Philadelphia, Jan. 30, 1864— Vet. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



199 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Barnet, Jeremiah . . 
Bowman, Joseph,. . 

Beal, John S., 

Barrone, Harman, . 
Bittner, EHas F., . . 
Bowman, Mathias, 
Burgess, Harrison, . 
Brant, George D., . 
Benedict, John R.,. 
Brooks, OHver, .... 
Baker, Jonathan, . . 



Bendy, John H.,. . . . 
Briceland, Thomas, 



Baird, John, . 



Brown, John, 

Buzzard, Benjamin, 
Cable, Joseph, 



Cook, Adam,. 



Coons, Charles E.,. 
Carey, Samuel,.. . . 



Crane, George, .... 

Close, Levi, 

Carter, Cyrus, 

Cavanah, Samuel, . 
Cotter, John H.,... 
Campbell, WiUiam, 
Chalfant, Wm. F.,. 



Clark, John, . 



Cotter, Edward, A. 
Courier, John H.,.. 
Cuckler, Clark,... . 
Clark, Peter, 



Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

, Private. 

, Private. 

Private. 

, Private. 

Private. 
, Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 
Private. 

. Private. 

Private. 
.Private. 

.Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 



Oct. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Oct. 

Oct. 

Aug. 
Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 



Private. Aug. 
Private. Aug. 
Private. Aug. 
Private. Oct. 



1864 

1861 

1864 

1864 

1864 

1864 

1864 

1864 

1864 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 
1864 

1864 

1864 
1864 

1864 

1864 

1864 

1864 

I 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 
1864 



Drafted — mustered out with Co. June 28 

1865. 
Mstered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 

of term. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Substitute — discharged by G. O., June 

20, 1865. 
Substitute — discharged by G. O., June 

20, 1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Substitute — discharged by G. O., May 

26, 1865. 
Substitute — died June 17, 1865 — hurried 

in National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. 
Died July 11, 1862, of wounds received 

at Fair Oaks, Virginia, May 31, 1862. 
Died June 30, 1862, of wounds received 

in action. 
Killed at Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862. 
Died at Washington, D. C, March 9, 

1862 — buried in Military Asylum 

Cemetaery, D. C. 
Transferred to Company K, March 

1, 1862. 
Deserted Sept. 21, 1862. 
Deserted Nov. 22, 1861. 
Substitute — mustered out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
Substitute — mustered out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
Absent, sick, at expiration of term. 
Substitute — discharged by G. O., June 

20, 1865. 
Substitute — discharged by G. O., June 

20, 1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Substitute — discharged by G. O., June 

20, 1865. 
Disch. for wds. rec. at Fair Oaks, May 

31. 1862. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Mar. 

23, 1862. 
Discharged October 19, 1863, for wounds 

received at Fredericksburg. Va., May 

3, 1863. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. 

Mar. 23, 1862. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 
Missing at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 
Deserted October, 17, 1863. 
Substitute — deserted November 15, 1864 



200 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 







DATE OF MUSTER 


< 

r 

w 




NAME. 


RANK. 


INTO SERVICE. 


REMARKS. 


Cotter, William A., . . . 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. — Vet. 


Delaney, Peter, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Feb. 
12, 1863. 


Dickson, Thomas, .... 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Jan. 
28, 1863. 


Durkin, James, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


25, 1861 


3 


Discharged— date unknown. 


Deal, Simon H., 


. Private. 


Oct. 


28, 1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 


Eberhart, Adam, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 


Fitzmorris, Wm. A.,... 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Jan. 
15, 1863. 


Fritman, Joseph, 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Deserted May 16, 1863. 


Fisher, George, 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Deserted May 26, 1862. 


Fabre, Jules, 


. Private. 
. Private. 


Oct. 
Oct. 


25, 1864 

26, 1864 


1 

1 


Substitute — deserted Nov. 15, 1864. 


Frazer, William, 


Substitute— deserted Nov. 15, 1864. 


Gindlesparger Jos., . . . 


. Private. 


Oct. 


28, 1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 


Greenwood, James, . . . 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 


Gallaher, John, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Transferred to Vet. Reserve Corps, 
Sept. 16, 1863. 


Gross, John, 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Deserted June 12, 1863. 


Gross, Cyrus, 


. Private. 
. Private. 


Aug. 
Aug. 


1, 1861 
1, 1861 


3 
3 


Deserted July 2, 1863. 


Green, Samuel, 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 












Nov. 28, 1862. 


Hass, Philip, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


27, 1864 




Substitute — mustered out with Co., 




June 28, 1865. 


Hammond, Charles,.. . 


. Private. 


Oct. 


24, 1864 




Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 


Hallett, George, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


24, 1864 




Substitute— wounded Mar. 27, 1865— 




discharged by General Order, Sept. 12, 












1865. 


Himes, Peter, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


26, 1864 




Substitute — mustered out with Co., 




June 28, 1865. 


Haverly, Daniel, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


27, 1864 




Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 
1865. 


Hoffman, George, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


28, 1864 




Drafted— discharged by G. 0., June 20, 

1865. 
Drafted— disch. by G. 0., June 20, 1865 


Hostetler, Adam, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


27, 1864 














— burial recodr, died June 22, 1865 — 












buried at Alexandria, Va. grave 3,253. 


Hoobler, John 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Discharged August 14, 1862, for wounds 




received at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 












1862. 


Hilkirk, Anson, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, July 




15, 1863. 


Huling, John S., 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. 












Mar. 23, 1862. 


Hanson, John, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Died June 8, 1862, of wds. rec. at Fair 




Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862— bu. at 












Fortress Momoe, Va., 


Haffner, Adam, 


. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 


Sept. 
Sept. 
Oct. 


26, 1864 
21, 1864 
26, 1864 


1 
1 
1 


Drafted — deserted November 15, 1864. 


Heblan, John 


Drafted — deserted November 15, 1864. 


Hallett, William, 


Substitute — deserted October, 1864. 


Huskin, Malcolm, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Transferred to Company C — date un- 
known — Vet. 


Ingham, Henry B.,... . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


20, 1864 


1 


Substitute— discharged by G. 0., June 20 
1865. 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



201 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE 



REMARKS. 



Ingham, Stephen T.,... 

July, Solomon, 

Keifer, David,, 

Kane, Patrick, 



Krusia, Detrick . . 
Kennedy, James, . 



Lepley, Christian, 

Lenhart, David, 

Lindsay, John 

Long, James, 

Little, John 



Leech, James, . . . 
Miller, John H.,. 



Miller, Samuel W.,. 
Mondan, Edmond,. 
Murphy, Daniel,... 
Miller, Wm. H., . . . 



Mangus, John, 

M'Laughlin, W. H.,. 
M'Millian, William,. 

M' Donald, James, . . 

M'CuUough, James,. 

M'Killup, J. E 



M'Cartney, Dennis, 
M'Nally, Anthony, . 



Otto, Jacob, 

O'Brien, George, 



Oakes, John, 

Owens, Edmond, . 



. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

Private. 

, Private. 

Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 



O'Conner, Cornelius,.. 



. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 

Private. 

. Private. 



Mar. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Jan. 

Oct. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 



Private.! Aug. 
, Private. Aug. 



Private. ISept. 

i 
Private. Aug. 



Private. 
Private. 

Private. 



Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 



29 

20 

20 

1 

1. 
1, 

26 

20, 

1 
26 

1 

1 

26 

27 
26 

28, 

26 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 

1 



1865 

1864 

1864 

1861 

1861 
1861 

1864 

1864 

1861 

1864 

1861 

1861 

1864 

1864 

1864 

1865 

1864 

1861 
1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 



1861 
1863 



1864 
1861 



1861 
1861 



1, 1861 



Discharged by General Order, June 16, 

1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Substitute — discharged by G. O. June 

20, 1865. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 

Mar. 23, 1862. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31. 1862. 
Transferred to company C — date un- 
known. 
Substitute — mustered out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
Substitute — discharged by G. O., Jtme 

20, 1865. 
Transferred to C impany K, March 

15, 1862. 
Killed accidentally, Dec. 24, 1864 

Buried at Petersburg. 
Died at White House, Va., June 14, 

1862, of wds. received at Fair Oaks, 

Va., May 31, 1862. 
Deserted February 4, 1862. 
Substitjte — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Substitute — mustered out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
Substitute — mustered out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
Substitute — mustered out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
Substitute — disch. on Surg, cert., Maj 

15, 1865. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 
Absent, sick, at expiration of term. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 

Jan. 26, 1863. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 

Sept. 26, 1862. 
Died May 7, 1864, of wounds received at 

wilderness. May 6, 1864. 
Died at Richmond, Va., July 14, 1862, 

of wounds received at Fair Oaks, Va., 

May 31, 1862. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Transferred from company H, 30th 

Wis. Vols. — discharged by G. O., 

Sept. 12, 1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 

20, 1865. 
Died at Richmond, Va., July 5, 1862, of 
wounds received at Fair Oaks, Va., 

May 31 1862. 
Died November 11, 1861. 
Transferred to company C — date un- 
known — Vet. 
Transferred to companyC — date un- 
known — Vet. 



202 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 







DATE OF MUSTER 


CO 

1 
I 




NAME. 


RANK. 


INTO SERVICE. 


REMARKS. 


Pifer, Christopher,.. . . 


. Private. Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Absent, sick, at expiration of term. 


Pryor, John, 


.Private. Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Discharged August 12, 1864, for wounds 




received at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 










1862. 


Pomeroy, Rich'd. C.,.- 


. Private. Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Discharged Sept. 2, 1862, for wounds 
received at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862. 


Quinn, Peter F., 


. Private, j Oct. 


26, 1864 


1 


Substitute— deserted Nov. 15, 1864. 


Rodgers, Isaiah, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


26, 1864 


1 


Substitute— mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 


Reiber, George, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


26, 1864 


1 


Substitute — discharged by G. 0., June 
28, 1865. 


Rosengratz, Rufus,... . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


20, 1864 


1 


Substitute — discharged by G. 0., Sept. 
30, 1865. 


Reitz, John..W 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Transferred to company K, March 15, 
1862. 


Rodgers, Thomas, .... 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1. 1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 
Nov. 8, 1861. 


Rawleings, Alfred, .... 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 


Rudgway, J. C, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Wounded, at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862— 
deserted — date unknown. 


Rought, Ebenezer,.. . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


28, 1864 


1 


Drafted— deserted February 2, 1865. 


Stanton, Alfred T.,... . 


. Private. 


Oct. 


26, 1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 


Sutter, Samuel 


. Private. 


Oct. 


25, 1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 




June 28, 1865. 


Snell, William, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


26, 1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 




June 28, 1865. 


Seibert, Joseph, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Absent, wounded, at expiration of term. 


Sullivan, Michael, .... 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 


Simms, David L, 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7. 1864— expiration 




of term. 


Smith, William H.,..,. 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1. 1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 
Sept., 1862. 


Stephens, Rexford 


. Private. 


Sept. 


26, 1864 




Substitute— discharged by G. 0., June 
20, 1865. 


Shoemaker, Wm., 


. Private. 


Sept. 


26, 1864 




Substitute — discharged by G. O., June 

20, 1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. 0., June 20, 


Story, Philander, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


29. 1864 














1865. 


Sweet, Jacob, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


28, 1864 




Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 












1865. 


Stark, Summers, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


30, 1864 




Substitute — discharged by G. O., June 
20, 1865. 


Sarver, John, 


. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 


Sept. 
Sept. 

Aug. 


28, 1864 

28, 1864 

1, 1861 


3 


Drafted— discharged by G. O., June 20, 


Swank, Henry, 


1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 


Swindles, David, 


1865. 
Died May 13, 1864, of wounds received 












at Spottsylvania C. H., May 12, 1864. 


Sprout, George, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 

1862. 
Killed. May 6, 1864. Battle of the 


Seville, Joseph, 


.Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 












Wilderness. 


Silk, Thomas 


. Private. 


Aug. 


1, 1861 


3 


Died at Richmond, Va., of wounds 




received at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 












1862. 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



203 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE 



REMARKS. 



Stevens, Lea W., . . . 
Tersine, Sebastian, 
Tressler, Joseph,. . 
Taylor, Harvey B., 



Tanhart, Adam, . 
Tobias, Jackson,. 
Tobin, Michael, . 



Tammy, William . 
Upcraft, Thomas,. 

Upcraft, John,... . 



Victoria, Joseph 

Vickers, John W., 

Wagner, John, 

Williams, John, 

Wigley, Joseph 

Whitten, Robert, D.,. 

Will, Norman B., 

Wilt, Dennis, 

Warren, William, 

Weyman, Peter R., . . . 



Private. 

Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

. Private. 
Private. 

. Private. 

, Private. 
. Private. 
, Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 



Weston, Charles, Private. 

Walker, John...W Private. 

Wolfgang, Wendell, . . . .Private. 

Walker, WilUiam, . Private. 

Ward, Andrew J., . Private. 

Woods, Moses, . Private. 

Widdins, Cyrus, . Private. 

Yanler, Absalon, Private. 



Yoder, Levi J 

Yamer, Adam, .... 
Zearfass, Jacob. . . . 
Zimmerman, Ab'm. 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 



Aug. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Oct. 
Oct. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Oct. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

JAug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Oct. 
Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 



1 
26 
26. 

27, 

26 

26 

1 

1 
1 



1864 

1864 

1864 

1864 

1864 
1864 
1861 

1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1864 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1864 

1864 

1864 

1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1864 
1864 

1864 

1864 

1864 

1864 



Died Aug. 23, 1864 — buried in National 

Cemetery, Arlington, Va. — Vet. 
Substitute — discharged on Surgeon's 

certificate. May 11, 1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Substitute — deserted — date unknown. 
Substitute — deserted Nov. 15, 1864. 
Died Jan. 24, 1863— bu. in Cypress Hill 

Cem., L. I. 
Deserted December 27, 1862. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 

of term. 
Wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 

1862 — transferred to Vet. Reserve 

Corps, Dec. 18, 1863. 
Transferred to company K, March 15, 

1862. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. 

May, 1862. 
Substitute— mustered out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864— expira- 
tion of term. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Discharged March 12, 1863, for wounds 

received at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 
Died December 1, 1861. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 
Deserted March 13, 1863. 
Deserted October 9, 1861. 
Substitute— deserted April 21, 1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20, 

1865. 
Substitute — discharged by General 

Order, June 15, 1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., Oct. 

6, 1865 
Substitute — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Drafted — discharged by G. O., June, 20 

1865. 



204 



SIXTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 



COMPANY G. 

RECRUITED IN PHILADELPHIA 



NAME. 



John W- Crosby, . 
Wm. M. Dawson,. 



Vincent P. Donnelly . 



John Barrett,. 



Charles H. Bewley, . 



Benj. F. Haldeman. 
George K. Lutz,.. . . 



Abram Davis,. 



Israel Highill, 

James S. Everton, . . . 

Wm. H. Cochran, 

Frank M. Patterson, 
James S. M'Elroy,.. . 
Samuel G. Taylor. . . , 
William J. Duffee, . . . 
George L. Setman,. . . 

Samuel Clark 

John M'Vay, 



. Capt. 
.Capt.. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Sept. 
Nov. 



.Capt.. 



.Capt. 



.Capt. 



1st. Lt. 
. 1st. U. 



Sept. 
Aug. 



.2d. Lt. 



Aug. 22. 1861 



1st. Sgt. . 
1st. Sgt.- 
.Serg't.. 
Serg't.. 
.Serg't.. 
.Serg't. 
.Serg't..- 
.Serg't. 
.Serg't. 
.Serg't. 



Ed. W. Lawrence,. . . . I . .Serg't 

Charles F. Miller, j . Serg't . 

James H. Young, ' . .Corp.. 



Isaiah Weston, . . . 
Solomon Lenhart,. 



. .Corp. 
.Corp.. 



Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

July 

Aug. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
July 

July 

Oct. 



1861 
1861 



Sept. 2, 1861 



Sept. 4, 1861 3 



Sept. 4, 1861 3 



2, 
21, 



1861 
1861 



4, 

4, 

4, 

14, 

1, 

14, 

13, 

4, 

4, 

1, 

4, 

4, 
13, 

10, 

26. 



1861 

1861 

1861 

1863 

1861 

1863 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1863 3 

1863! 3 

18641 1 



Promoted to Major, April 22, 1864. 
Promoted from2d. to 1st. Lieutenant, 
Dec. 8, 1862— to Captain, April 22, 
1864 — discharged July 5, 1864,for wds. 
rec. at Wilderness, May 5, 1864. 
Promoted to 2d. Lieutenant, Dec. 8, 
1862— to 1st Lieutenant, April 22, 
1864— to Captain, July 6, 1864— 
mus. out, Sept. 7, 1864 — exp. of 
term. 
Promoted to 2d. Lieutenant, April 22, 
1864— to 1st. Lieutenant, Aug. 5, 1864 
—to Captain, Sept. 5, 1864— killed 
Cedar Creek. Va., Oct. 19, 1864. 
Promoted from 2d. Lieutenant Co. E, 
to Captain. Dec. 18, 1864— to brevet 
Major, April 2, 1865 — Mustered out 
with Co., June 28, 1865— Vet. 
Resigned December 8, 1862. 
Promoted from Q. M. Serg't. to 1st. 
Lieut., Dec. 22, 1864 — mus. out with 
Co., June 28, 1865— Vet. 
Promoted from Sergeant to 2d. Lieut- 
enant, Dec. 22, 1864 — mus. out with 
Co., June 28, 1865— Vet. 
Mustered out with company. June 28. 

1865— Vet. 
Mustered out. Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 

of term. 
Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Substitute — mustered out with co., 

June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with company. June 28, 

1865— Vet. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 
Promoted to 2d. Lieutenant Co. E, 

Mar. 1, 1865. 
Tr. to Co. B, 23d. reg. P. V.— date 

unknown. 
Not on muster-out roll — Vet. 
Drafted — mustered out with Co., June 

28, 1865. 
Substitute — mustered out with Co., 

June 28, 1865. 
Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



205 







DATE OF MUSTER 


2 




NAME. 


RANK. 


INTO SERVICE. 


REMARKS. 


Josiah Hutzell, 


. . .Corp.. 


Oct. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 




. . . ■%--v» ^** 


June 28, 1865. 


Chauncy F. Huston, . . 


..Corp... 


Oct. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co.. 
June 28. 1865. 


Andrew M'Clintock, . . 


..Corp... 


Oct. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co.. 
June 28, 1865. 


William J. Nimon 


..Corp... 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out. Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 


John Gevard, 


..Corp... 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., May 














12, 1864 — absent at expiration of term 


David Williams, 


..Corp... 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 














tion of term. 


Edward O'Kane, 


..Corp... 


Aug. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mus. out, Sept. 7. 1864 — expiration of 
term. 


James M'Comb, 


..Corp... 


Aug. 


13. 


1861 


3 


Mus. out, Sept. 7, 1864 — exp. of term 


Andrew J. Spangler . . 


..Corp... 


Sept. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. 0., June 20. 1865. 


Zalman Holiday, 


..Corp... 


Sept. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. 0., June 20, 1865. 


George Sharpe, 


..Corp... 


Sept. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Drafted — died at City Point. Va., Feb. 




. . ^^\^* ^.. . 










19. 1865. 


George Stahl, 


. .Corp.. . 


Sept. 


26 


1864 


1 


Drafted — died at City Point, Va., March 














3. 1865. 


George W. Gordon, . . . 


..Corp... 


Sept. 


4 


1861 


3 


Killed at Wilderness — date unknown — 
buried in Wilderness burial grounds. 


George MehafFy, 


..Corp... 


Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Deserted — date unknown. 


James Stine, 


. .Corp... 


4 
4, 


1861 
1861 


3 
3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Joseph Walker, 


..Corp... 


Died — date unknown. 


Joseph Weston, 


..Corp... 


4, 


1861 


3 


Disch. on Surg, certificate — date un- 












known. 


John O'Connor, 


..Corp... 


Sept. 
Feb. 


4 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Daniel A. Fisher, 


Musician 


16 


1864 


3 


Mustered out with company. June 28. 














1865. 


Peter Pritty, 


Musician 


Sept. 


26 


1864 


1 


Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 20. 
1865. 


Henry Bowie, 


Musician 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7. 1864 — expiration 
of term. 


William Watt, 


Musician 


Sept. 


4 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Ansil, John 


. Private. 


Sept. 


26 


1864 


1 


Drafted — discharged by G. 0.. May 














26, 1865. 


Armstrong, Wm., 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Alfred, John 


. Private. 


Sept. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Substitute — deserted June 5. 1865^- 




discharged by special order, Sept. 














28, 1865. 


Blakely, Charles A...... 


. Private. 


July 


21 


1863 


3 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 


Burnhart, William,... . 


. Private. 


Oct. 


25. 


1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 


Benford, John 


. Private. 


Oct. 


25, 


1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 


Bracht, Valentine, .... 


. Private. 


Oct. 


25, 


1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co.. 
June 28, 1865. 


Buroughs, A. J., 


.Private. 


Oct. 


27, 


1864 


1 


Substitute — ab., on detached duty, at 
mus. out. 


Bradley, Partick, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864— expira- 
tion of term. 


Braddigan, Sam'l. D.,. 


. Private. 


Sept. 


26, 


1865 


1 


Drafted— discharged by G. O., June 19, 
1865. 


Betz, Daniel, 


. Private. 'Sent. 


26 
26 


1864 
1864 


1 

1 


Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 20, 1865. 


Brandt, Josiah, J., 


. Private. 


Sept. 


Drafted— disch. by G. 0., June 20, 1865. 



206 



SIXTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 







DATE OP MUSTER 


< 




NAME. 


RANK. 


INTO SERVICE. 


REMARKS. 


Baker, Edward W., . . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Died at Baltimore, Md., May 26, 1865. 


Bastine, Jacob, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Deserted — date unknown. 


Bennett, Henry, 


Private. [Sept. 


4, 


1861' 


3 1 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Blake, John, 


. Private. Sept. 
.Private.! Sept. 


4, 
4, 


1861 
1861 


3 
3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Boise, Michael, 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Beath, Robert, 


. Private. Sept. 


4. 


1861 


3 


Deserted — date unknown, 


Bradley, Peter, 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Bastine, Jerome, 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Barnett, Robert, 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Caron, Louis F., 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7. 1864 — expir. of 










1 




of term. 


Cooper, William B.,. . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out Sept. 5, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 


Coffman, Jonas, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


20, 


1864 


1 


Sub. — killed at Petersburg, Va., March 
27, 1865. 


Cooper, Dallas J., 


, Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Cummings, John T., . . 


Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Disch. on Surg. cert. — date unknown. 


Connelly, Francis, .... 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Clinghasen, Henry, . . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4. 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Crouthers, Mathew,. . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Davis, John M., 


.Private. 


Oct. 


25, 


1864 


1 


Sub.— mustered out with Co.. June 28. 
1865. 


Davis, Enos, 


. Private. 
. Private. 


July 
Oct. 


5, 
26, 


1864 
1864 


3 

1 


Drafted — mus. out with Co., June 28, 


Delansey, John 0.,. . . . 


1865. 
Sub. — mus. out with Co., June 28, 1865. 


Daniels, Joseph W.,. . . 


. Private. 


Oct. 


26. 


1864 


1 


Sub.— must, out with Co., June 28, 1865. 


Dye, Thomas, 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mus. out, Sept. 7. 1864 — exp. of term. 


Dunn, Wilham, J.,. . . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — exp. of term. 


Donley, Joseph P.,. . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4. 


1861 


3 


Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — exp. of term. 


Daniels, Jackson, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


26. 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. 0., June 20. 1865. 


Deetz, David, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


26. 


1864 


1 


Sub. — disch. by G. O., — date unknown. 


Donohue, Hugh, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


3. 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Donohue, James, 


Private. 


Sept. 


4. 


1861 


3 


Not on muster out roll. 


Dunbar, David, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Deserted — date unknown. 


Dyer, Louis, 


. Private. 
. Private. 


Sept. 
Sept. 


4, 
4. 


1861 
1861 


3 
3 


Disch on Surg. cert. — date unknown. 


Duross, James, 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Eicher, M. H.,. . . . 


. Private. 
. Private. 


Oct. 
Sept. 


26. 

4, 


1864 
1861 


1 
3 


Sub.— mus. out with Co., June 28. 1865. 


Eastwick, Theodore, . . 


Wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 














1864 — absent at expiration of term. 


Ezans, Andrew, G., . . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4. 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Fredline, Daniel B.,. . . 


. Private. 


Oct. 


26. 


1864 


1 


vSub.— mus. out with Co.. June 28, 1865. 


Fessler, George H.,... . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


19. 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 20, 1865. 


Fleming, William J., . . 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Fallowfield, Charles, . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4. 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Garrowz, Zurich, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


26 


1864, 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 




June 28, 1865. 


Gesner, Henry, 


.Private. 


Oct. 


25, 


1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co.. 




June 28, 1865. 


Gaul, Thomas, 


. Private. 
.Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 


Sept. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
Sept. 


4, 

30, 

4, 

4, 


1861 
1864 
1861 
1861 


3 
1 
3 
3 


Mus. out. Sept. 7. 1864— exp. of term. 


Geary, Jonas, 


Drafted— disch. by G. 0.. June 20, 1865. 


Genaire, Philip 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Gorman, Daniel W.,... 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Hoyle, Amos, 


Private. 


Oct. 


25. 


1864 


1 


Sub.— mus. out with Co.. June 28, 1865. 


Hoyendogler, S. J.,... . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mus. out, Sept. 7, 1864— exp. of term. 


Hazen, John, 


Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Sept. 


30, 
30, 
29, 


1864 
1864 
1864 


1 
1 
1 


Drafted— disch. by G. O.. June 20, 1865. 


Hoss, John, 


Drafted— disch. by G. O.. June 20, 1865. 


Hellrigle, Jacob, 


Drafted-^died at Petersburg, Va., Jan. 




j 16, 1865. 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TERRS 



207 







DATE OP MUSTER 


I 




NAME. 


RANK. 


INTO SERVICE. 


REMARKS. 


Hursch, Jacob, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. 0., June 20, 1865. 


Harris, Robert, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mot on muster-out roll. 


Harris, Joseph, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Hickman, Job. B., . . 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Transferred to 23d. reg. P. V. — date 
unknown. 


Iron, Matthias, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


25, 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 20, 1865. 


Jacobs, Herman, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4. 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Jones, Thomas, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4. 


1861 


3 


Deserted — date unknown. 


Kling, Henry L., 


. Private. 


Oct. 


25, 


1864 


1 


Sub,— mus. out with Co., June 28, 1865. 


Kuble, Emanuel, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


24, 


1864 


1 


Sub. — mus. out with Co., June 28, 1865. 


Keefer, Adam K., 


. Private. 


Sept. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 20. 1865. 


KHm, John,. . 


. Private. 
. Private. 


Oct. 
Sept. 


27, 
4, 


1864 
1861 


1 
3 


Substitute — deserted October, 1864. 


Kidders, Oliver C.,. . . . 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Landis, William H.,. . . 


. Private. 


Oct. 


25, 


1864 


1 


Sub.— disch. by G. 0., July 10, 1865. 


Long, John,. 


. Private. 
. Private. 


Oct. 

Sept. 


25. 
4, 


1864 
1861 


1 
3 


Sub.— mus out with Co., June 28, 1865. 


Louther, Charles, 


Wd. May 6, 1864— ab. in hos., at exp. 














of term. 


Lewis, George W., .... 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Prisoner from May 8, to Dec. 13, 1864— 
mustered out, December 18, 1864 — 
expiration of term. 


Layre, Henry, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — exp. of 
terra. 


Lape, Joseph W., 


. Private. 


Sept. 


28, 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. 0., June 20, 1865. 


Lapley, John H., 


. Private. 


Sept. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 20, 1865. 


Litzenberger, Jos., ... 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Laflferty, James, 


Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Lawson, John 


Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Moryer, Josiah, 


Private. 


Oct. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 


Mullen, George, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4. 


1861 


3 


Wounded at Spottsylvania, C. H., May 
12, 1864 — ab. at expiration of term. 


Moore, Edward, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mus. out Spe. 7, 1864 — exp. of ter.m 


Madill, George, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Absent, sick, at expiration of term. 


Miller, Thomas, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


27, 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 20, 1864. 


Mehaffy, John, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Miller, Herman, 


.Private. 


Sept. 


5. 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Myers, Daniel, 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not ou muster-out roll. 


Morrow, John 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Manor, William, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Deserted — date unknown. 


M'Girk, John 


.Private. 
Private. 


Oct. 
Sept. 


26. 
4, 


1864 
1861 


1 
3 


Sub.— mus. out with Co. June 28, 1865. 


M'Bride, William 


Not on muster-out roll. 


M 'Bride, Andrew, c. . . 


. Private, 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


M'Nannaman, Pat.,... 


Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Deserted — date unknown. 


M'Carty, A. H., 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4 


1861 


3 


Disch. on Surg. cert. — date unknown. 


M'Mahon, E. F 


Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Deserted — date unknown. 


M'Clintock, Joseph,.... 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


M'Nichol, John, 


. Private. 
. Private. 


Sept. 
Oct. 


4, 
26, 


1861 
1864 


'^ 


Deserted — date unknown, 


Nicholson, Robert,. . . . 


Sub.— mus. out with Co., June 28, 1865. 


O'Kane, Edward,.. . . . 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 




Not on muster-out roll. 


O'Bryan, John, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Pile, Hiram, 


. Private. 
.Private. 
. Private. 


Oct. 

Sept. 

vSept. 


29, 
26, 
26 


1864 
1864 
1864 




Sub.— mus. out with Co., June 28, 1865. 


Purdv, William 


Drafted— disch. by G. 0., Aug. 2, 1865. 


Pritty, John 


Drafted— disch. by G. 0., June 21), 1865. 


Pile, Frank, 


.Private. 
. Private. 


Sept. 
Sept. 


28, 
26, 


1864 
1864 




Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 20, 1865. 


Philhppi, P. J., 


Drafted — discharged by S. O., —date 


Phelps, Theodore, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


25, 


1864 


1 


unknown. 
Substitute — deserted October, 1864. 


Pine, Wm. M., 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 



208 



SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT 







DATE OP MUSTER 


>> 




NAME. 


RANK. 








1 


REMARKS. 






INTO seRvic^. 


^ 




Reed, Henry, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Srpt. 7, 1864r— exp. of 

term. 
Not on muster-out roll. 


Russell, Samuel, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Rementer, John 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Deserted — date unknown. 


Stevens, William 


. Private. 


Oct. 


29 


1864 


1 


Sub. — mus. out with Co., June 28, 1865. 


Shay, William, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Substitute — mustered out with Co., 
June 28, 1865. 


Sufall, William, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Substitute— disch. by G. O., July 12, 
1865. 


Sailor, Josiah, 


.Private. 


Oct. 


26, 


1864 


1 


Sub. — mus. out with Co., June 28, 1865. 


Schanlis, Cyrus, 


.Private. 


Oct. 


26 


2864 


1 


Sub.— mus. out with Co., June 28, 1865. 


Stermen, Peter, 


. Private. 


June 


4, 


1864 


3 


Drafted — mus. out with Co., June 28, 

1865. 
Sub.— mus. out with Co., June 28, 1865. 


Sperry, Frederick .... 


. Private. 


Oct. 


21 


1864 


1 


Sobbee, Walter, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Wounded July 12, 1864— absent at exp- 
iration of term. 


Sanner, Levi, 


. Private. 
. Private. 


Sept. 
Sept. 


26, 

27 


1864 
1864 


1 
1 


Drafted— disch. by G. 0., June 20, 1865. 


Schwind, Charles, 


Sub.— disch. by G. O., June 20, 1865. 


Schooley, James I., . . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


29, 


1864 


1 


Drafted — discharged by G. O., June 28 
1865. 


Schooley, Charles, .... 


. Private. 


Sept. 


29 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. 0., July 5, 1865. 


Spangler, Aaron, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


26 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. 0.. June 28, 1865. 


Smith, Gustave 


. Private. 


Sept. 


27 


1864 


1 


Sub.— disch. by G. O., June 20, 1865. 


Snyder, John D., 


. Private. 


Sept. 


26 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 20, 1865. 


Sockel, Charles, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


29 


1865 


1 


Sub.— disch. by G 0. June 13, 1865. 


Strong, John 


. Private. 


Sept. 


26 


1864 


1 


Substitute— deserted October, 1864. 


Spangey, Daniel, 


Private. 


Sept. 


26 


1864 


1 


Drafted— deserted October, 1864. 


Smith, James, 


. Private. 


Oct. 


27 


1864 


1 


Substitute— deserted May 26, 1865. 


Sparks, Charles, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4 


1861 


3 


Discharged on Surg. cert, date unknown. 


Showers, Michael, .... 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Seller, Augustus, R., . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4 


1861 


3 


Transf. to Co. E., date unknown — ^Vet. 


Simpson, Samuel G., . . 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Smith, Henry, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4 


1861 


3 


Deserted — date unknown. 


Townsend, Ed. C.,... . 


.Private. 


Oct. 


26 


1864 


1 


Sub.— must, out with Co., June 28, 1865. 


Tresler, Silas 


. Private. 


Oct. 


26 


1864 


1 


Sub. — mustered out with Co., June 28, 




1865. 


Tipton, Noah, 


.Private. 


Sept. 


26 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 20, 1865. 


Winder, William, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


30 


1864 


1 


Drafted— disch. by G. 0., June 20, 1865. 


Williams, J., . . . 


Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Sept. 


26 

27 
4 


1864 
1864 
1861 


1 

1 
3 


Substitute — deserted October, 1864. 


Waldron, F., . . 


Substitute — deserted October, 1864. 


Watt, David, P., 


Deserted—date unknown. 


Williams, Robert, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4. 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Williams, Joseph, 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Welsh, John, 


. Private. 
. Private. 


Sept. 
Sept. 


4 
4 


1861 
1861 


3 
3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Wright, Charies F., . . . 


Transferred to 23d. reg. P. V.,— date 














unknown. 


Walker, Samuel, 


. Private. 
. Private. 


Sept. 
Oct. 


4 
26 


1861 
1864 


3 
1 


Deserted — date unknown. 


Yoder, Tobias, 


Sub. — mus. out with Co. June 28, 1865. 







PENNSYLVANIA VO LUN TEERS 



209 



COMPANY H. 

RECRUITED AT PHILADELPHIA. 



NAME. 



Robert L. Orr, . 



Charles S. Greene, . . 

George W. Wilson,. . 
Charles H. Clausen,. 

John W. Ryan, 

John P. Miller, 

Thos. J. Perkins,. . . . 
George R. Coleman,. 

Charles P. Kennedy, 



Jeremiah H. Murphy. 

James M. Craig 

George Jardine 

James Robb, 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE 



.Capt... Sept. 



1861 



1st. Lt.. Sept. 2, 1861 



..Adjt.. 
. 1st. Lt. 

.2d. Lt.. 

.Serg't. 

.Serg't.. 

.Serg't, 

.Serg't. 
.Serg't.. 



Sept. 
Aug. 



21. 



1861 
1861 



REMARKS. 



Sept. 4, 1861 1 3 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



21, 
21, 

21. 



1861 
1861 
1861 



Aug. 21, 1861 



Aug. 
Aug. 



21, 1861 



.Corp.. 
.Corp... Sept. 
.Corp... Sept. 



21, 
4, 
4, 



1863 
1861 
1861 



O. Co. 23rd. P. V.— Transferred to 61st 
Mar. 1, 1862. Major Dec. 18, 1864. 
Lieutenant Col May 14, 186.5. Brev- 
etted Major U. S. Vols. Sept. 22, 1864, 
for gallant and meritorious servises 
in battles of Winchester and Fisher's 
Hill, Va. Col. Apr. 21, 186.5 for 
gallant and meritorious services in the 
assault before Petersburgh, Va. Award 
ed a medal of honor. Died Nov. 14, 
1894. 

O. Co. 23rd. P. V. Transferred to 61st 
P. V. Mar. 1st 1862. Capt. Co. I, 
Oct. 7, 1862. Lieut. Col. May 14, 
1865. Mustered out June 28, 1865. 
Died Mar. 25, 1903. Wounded at 
Winchester, Va. vSept. 19, 1864, losing 
an eye. 

Promoted from 1st. Lt. Co. H. to Adjt., 
Mar. 11, 1863— killed at Spottsylvania 
C. H., May 8, 1864. 

Transferred to Co. A. about Dec. 1864. 
Promoted to Capt., date unknown. 
Dangerously wounded at Spottsyl- 
vania C. H., May 12, 1864. Disch. 
for disability, about Feb. 1865. 

Sergeant O. Co. 23d. P. V.— 1st Sgt. 
Oct. 7, 1862, to 2d. Lt. Nov. 22, 1863. 
Wounded at Spottsylvania, May 12, 
1864. Mus. out Sept. 13, 1864. 

Wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., May 
12, 1864. Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. 

Killed at Wilderness, May 6, 1864. 
buried in Wilderness burial ground. 

Transferred to Co. A. — Promoted to 1st. 
Lt. Co. A. about Dec. 1864. Wounded 
at Spottsylvania C. H., May 12, 
1864. Disch. for disability. 

Promoted to 1st. Lt. Co. C. Oct. 1, 1864. 
To Regiment Quarter Master Dec. 
18, 1864. To Captain. A. Q. M. 
U. S. Vols, to date from Feb. 9, 1865. 
Not mustered. Mus. out June 28, 1865 
Wounded May 3, 1863. 

Promoted to Sergt. Maj., Sept. 4, 1864. 
Killed at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 
1864. 

Wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., May 
12, 1864. Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864. 

Wounded — absent, in hospital, at exp. 
of term. 

Prisoner from May 6, 1864, to February 
26, 1865— mustered out, March 3 
1865. 



210 



SIXTY-FIRST RE G I MEN T 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Hugh Farley,. 
Jacob Miller,. 



Joseph Holt, 

Joseph L. Biddle,.. 
Edward Posey, . . . . 
Wm. W. Ketchum. 
Samuel Driver,. . . . 



Richars M'Cabe, . 



Abrahams, Isaac L.,.. 
Ashbaugh, Andrew, . . 



Batt, John P.,.. 
Bell, William, . . . 
Bird, Henry C.,. 
Brown, John . . . . 
Boyer, Henry, .. 



Bizzey, James, .... 
Bolton, Samuel F.,. 



Bowman, Joseph,. 
Braman, Silas L.,. 
Bird, Alfred W.,.. 



Bicking, Geo. W.,. 
Bell, Thomas M.,. 



Berk, Jacob H.,. 



Barrett, John. 



Burnett, Charles F.,.. 
Carroll, Edwin A., . . . 



Clark, Joseph H.,. . 
Christy, Henry V.,. 



Campbell, Thomas, . 
Carpenter, Chas. G. 
Cavenaugh, M. J.,.. 
Clancey, John 



Buddy, John M.,. 



.Corp. 
.Corp. 



Corp... 
Corp... 
Corp... 
Corp.. . 
Musician 

Musician 

. Private. 
. Private. 



Sept. 
Sept. 



Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 



Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 
Private 

Private. 

Private, 

. Private 

. Private 
. Private 

.Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 



Sept. 
.July 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 



Sept. 4, 1861 



Sept. 4, 1861 



Sept. 
Sept. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 



1861 
1861 



1861 
1861 
1861 
1961 
1861 



Sept. 4, 1861 



4, 
14, 

4, 

26, 

4, 

4, 
4, 

4, 

4, 

4, 
4, 

4, 

4, 

4, 



1861 
1863 

1861 

, 186 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 



1 3 



4, 
4, 

21, 

4, 

4, 
4, 
4, 
4, 



1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 



Sept. 4, 1861 



Wounded — absent, in hospital, at exp. 
of term. 

Discharged November 11, 1862, for 
wounds received at Malvern Hill, Va. 
July 1, 1862. 

Died November 11, 1862. 

Died January 28, 1862. 

Died February 22, 1862. 

Deserted December 7, 1862. 

Transferred to Company A — date un- 
known. 

Transferred to Co. C, 23d. reg. P. V., 
Feb. 28, 1862. 

Deserted October 17, 1864. 

Killed at Fort Stevens, D. C, July 12, 
1864. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 

Wounded — absent, in hospital, at exp. 
of term. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 

Killed at Spottsylvania, C. H., May 12, 
1864.— Vet. 

Deserted November 17, 1861. 

Transferred to Co. R., 23rd. reg. P. V., 
Oct. 1, 1861. 

Transferred to Co. R., 23rd. reg. P. V., 
Oct. 1, 1861. 

Transferred to Company A — date un- 
known. 

Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Mar. 
24, 1862. 

Deserted February 5, 1862. 

Killed at Spottsylvania C. H., May 12, 
1864. 

Killed at Wilderness, May 6, 1864— 
buried in Wilderness burial grounds 
—Vet. 

Promoted to 2d. Lieut. Co. G., April 
22, 1864— Vet. 

Died January 2, 1862. 

Mustered out, vSept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 

Transferred to company A — date un- 
known. 

Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, June 
6, 1862. 

Deserted September 7, 1861. 

Deserted September 7, 1861. 

Deserted September, 1861. 

Transferred to Co. L., 23rd, reg. P. V., 
Oct. 1, 1861. 

Wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., May 
12, 1864— absent, in hospital, at 
expiration of term. 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEE RS 



211 







DATE OF MUSTER 


^ 




NAME. 


RANK. 


INTO SERVICE. 


^ 


REMARKS. 


Dalton, William, 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1S61 3 


Deserted February 14, 1862. 


Davis, David H., 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Transferred to Company A — date un- 
known. 


Doak, James, 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1S61 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 














June 6, 1863. 


Doak, Samuel, 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4. 


1861 


3 


Died December 30, 1861. 


Davis, Benj. F., 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. 
May 28, 1862. 


Dorsey, Nicholas, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Transferred to Co. C, 23d. reg. P. V., 
Oct. 1, 1861. 


Demmer, Gust. A. 


. Private. 










Killed at Spottsylvania C. H., Mav 12, 














1864. 


Delinger, Joseph, 


. Private. 


July 


14, 


1861 




Drafted — killed at Spottsylvania Court 
House, May 12, 1864. 


Eckert, Oliver, 


.Private. 


July 


14, 


1861 


3 


Transferred to Co. B, 23d. reg. P. V., 
Feb. 1, 1862. 


Foley, James F., 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Wounded — absent at expiration of term. 


Frowert, John P., 


Private. 


Aug. 


26, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Aug. 29, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 


Fenogino, Peter 


. Private. 


Aug. 


21, 


1861 


3 


Transferred to company A — date un- 
known. 


Fishers, Wm. H., 


.Private. 


Aug. 


21. 


1861 


3 


Discharged for wounds received at 
Marye's Heights, May 3, 1863. 


Fitzinger, James, 


. Private. 


Aug. 


21, 


1861 


3 


Discharged for wounds received at 
Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864— Vet. 


Gibson, Edward H. 


. Private. 


Aug. 


21, 


1861 


3 


Wounded — absent, in hospital, at mus. 

out. 
Captured at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 


Ginther, George, 


.-Private. 


Aug. 


21, 


1861 


3 














1864 — transferred to company A — 














date unknown — Vet. 


Ginther, David, ...... 


Private. 


Aug. 


26, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 


Girardine, Alph. L.,. . . 


.Private. 'Sept. 

1 


4, 


1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Mar 
25, 1862. 


Flaze, John 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Transferred to Co. F, 23d. reg. P. V., 
Oct. 1, 1861. 


Harrison, Samuel, 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 


Hammond, Alex'r 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Jan. 
9, 1863. 


Hooper, Harry, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Sept 
Sept. 6, 1862. 


Hessell, Joseph 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Killed at Spottsylvania C. H., May 12, 
1864— Vet. 


Hinkle, Robert, R., . . . 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 
Jan. 7, 1863. 


Hurley, Redmond 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Transferred to Co., R. 23d. reg. P. V., 
Oct. 1, 1861. 


Huff, George W., 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Transferred to Co., R. 23d. reg. P. V., 












Oct. 1, 1861. 


Jones, William T., . . . . 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 


1862 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 1864 — expiration 
of term. 


Johnson, Thomas, .... 


.Private. Sept. 


4. 


1862 


3 


Killed at Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862. 


Jones, George W 


.Private. Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Discharged December 8, 1862, 


Johnson, Henry, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Killed at Charlestown, Va., May 21, 
1864. 


Keller, Gustavus, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1862 


3 Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 










tion of term. 

1 



212 



SI XTY-FIRS T REGIMENT 



NAME. 



RANK. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



Kennedy, Edwin F., . 



Lindsay, Joseph A.,. 
Lynch, James, 



Lutz, George, K.,. 



Moore, John 1st.,. . . 
Moore, John 2d., . . . 
Mahoney, Wm. H., 
Murray, Michael,. . . 



Moyer, Albert, 

McGeoy, Thomas J.,. 
M'Grath, Charles B.,. 
M'Caughey, Thos.,. . 
M'Kinley, David,. . . . 



O'Neil, James, 

Perkins, William N., , 

Pendergrast, James,. 

Pidgeon, James, 

Robb, William, 

Ryan, Patrick, 

Rice, William 

Robb, Robert, 

Stine, John, 

Swain, Morris S 



Scott, Henry,. 



. Private. 



. Private 
. Private 



Sept. 4, 1861 



Sept. 
Aug. 



M'Clurg, John 

Neville, Wesley M.,.. 

Needles, Albert, 

Neville, George, P., . . 
Neville, Fred'k A.,. . . 



Private. 

Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
. Private. 

. Private. 

. Private. 

.Private. 

. Private. 

.Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 



Private. 
Private. 

Private. 
. Private. 
. Private 
. Private 
. Private. 
. Private. 

Private 
. Private 

.Private 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug.. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

vSept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Aug. 



4, 
21, 



1861 
1861 



Aug. 21, 1861 



21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 

21, 

21, 

21, 

21, 

21, 

21, 

4, 

4. 

4, 

1, 

4, 
26, 

4, 

4, 

4, 

4, 

4, 

4, 

4, 

21, 



REMARKS. 



1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1864 

1861 

186.3 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 



Sept. ^4, 1861 



Captured at Fairfax, Va., Oct. 13, 1863 
transferred to Company A — date — 
unknown. Prisoner at Andersonville. 
Discharged April 25, 1865. 
3 j Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864. 
3 Transferred to company A — date un- 
known. 
3 Transferred to company A — date un- 
known, 
3 Deserted November 26, 1861. 
3 Killed at Wilderness, May 6, 1864. 
3 Killed at Wilderness, May 6, 1864— Vet. 
3 Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 

March 5, 1863. 
3 Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 

June 10, 1862. 
3 JMustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 

Killed at Spottsylvania, C. H., May 
12, 1864. 

Transferred to Co. I. 23d. reg. P. V., 
Feb. 28, 1862. 

Died at Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 7, 1862 
of wds. received at Malvern Hill, Va., 
July 1, 1862. 

Transferred to Co. D. 23d, reg. P. V., 
Oct. 6, 1861. 

Promoted to Hos. Stew. U. S. A— date 
unknown. 

Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 
Jan. 26, 1862. 

Transferred to Vet. Reserve Corps, June 
24, 1863. 

Promoted to Hospital Steward 23d 
regiment P. V., September 25, 1861. 

Deserted July 27, 1863. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864— expira- 
tion of term. 

Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Au g 
19, 1862. 

Transferred to Co. R, 23d. reg. P. V., 
Oct. 1, 1861. 

Mustered out Sept. 7, 1864— expira- 
tion of term. 

Musterd out, Sept. 7, 1864— expira- 
tion of term. 

Transferred to Co. R., 23d. reg. P. V., 
Oct. 1, 1861. 

Transferred to Co. G., 23d. reg. P. V., 
Feb. 28, 1862. 

Wounded in action — mustered out, Sept. 
6, 1864 — expiration of term. 

Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864— expira- 
tion of term, transferred to Co. E. 
Nov.. 1864. 

Deserted — returned — discharged by 
sentence of General Court Martial, 
February, 1864. 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUNTEERS 



213 







DATE OP MUSTER 






NAMB. 


RANK. 


INTO SERVICE. 


1 

W 


REMARKS. 


Smith, Charles W.,... . 


. Private. 


Aug. 


21, 


1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 


Sewell, George, 


.Private. 


Aug. 


21, 


1861 


3 


Transferred to Company A — date un- 
known. 


Sigler, Jacob, 


. Private. 


July 


10 


186.3 


3 


Drafted — died of wounds received at 














Wilderness, May 6, 1864. 


Tilden, Howard P., . . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1864 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 
of term. 


Taylor, William R 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4. 


1861 


3 


Promoted to Principal Musician, June 
20, 1863. 


Tobin, Michael, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Transferred to Co. D., 23d. reg. P. V., 
Oct. 7, 1861. 


Thompson, Sam'l. C, . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Transferred to Co. B., 23d. reg. P. V., 
Feb. 21, 1862. 


Vandever, Marshall, . . 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Died December 26, 1861. 


Walls, Charles, 


.Private. Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Wounded — absent, in hospital, at mus. 

out. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certiOcate, 


Wheelan, Thos. J 


Private.jSept. 


4. 


1861 


3 












Oct., 1862. 


Wilday, Edward, 


Private. Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. 














Dec. 14, 1861. 


Wainwright, Wm.,.. . . 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Deserted July 27, 1864. 


Woodruff, Geo. W., . . . 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 
Jan. 28, 1863. 
Williamson, H. B., 


Williamson H. B., 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 


1861 


3 


Deserted March 13, 1862. 



RECRUITS 



Allison, Wm. A. 



Barrett, Charles. 



Devoul, John,.. . . 
Dickson, Robert, . 

Harper, John, . . . . 



Jamison, Alexander, 

Merens, Joseph, . . . . 

(or Merius) 
Rodgers, Thomas, . . 



Private. Sept. 
Private. May 



. Private, 
. Private. 

. Private. 



Private, 
Private, 
Private, 



Sept. 
Sept. 

Nov. 



Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 



2, 


1862 


3 


9, 


1864 


3 


20, 
2. 


1982 
1862 


3 
3 


26, 


1864 


3 


2, 


1862 


3 


10, 


1862 


3 


2, 


1862 


3 



Transferred to Co. A — Promoted to 

Serg't. Co. F., Nov. 1, 1864. Prisoner 

— disch. June 20, 1865. 
Promoted to Corp. Sept. 4, 1864. Was 

wounded at Cedar Creek, Sept. 19, 

1864. Mus. out May 26, 1865. 
Discharged, June 20, 1865. 
Transferred to Co. A. in 1864— date 

unknown. Mus. out June 20, 1865. 
Transferred to Co. A, Nov. 1864. 

Wounded at Wilderness May 6, 1864. 

Absent at muster-out. 
Transferred to Co. A. in 1864 — date 

unknown. Mus. out June 20, 1865. 
Transferred to Co. A. Nov. 1864. 

Deserted Feb. 25, 1865. 
Transferred to Co. A. about Nov. 1864. 



COMPANY H. 
RECRUITED AT ALLEGHENY CITY. 



Horatio K. Tyler . .Capt.. . Feb. 24, 1865 

Samuel B. M'Kowen. . ..1st. U. iFeb. 24, 1865 



1 Mustered out with company, June 28, 

1865. 
1 iResigned May 15, 1865. 



214 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Wm. H. H. Tyler,. 



Henry Geringer,. 



Lewis, Faber, . 
Daniel Clark, . 
James Cuddy,. 



Frederick Faber,. 



Alexander M'Kee, . . 
Joseph Diebold, .... 
Charles Fredhofer,.. 
Frederick Worfel,. . . 

John Gormley, 

Auberger, David, . . . 

Burkley, Jacob, 

Baun, Frederick,... . 

Burket, Joseph, 

Burns, William J., . . 

Beck, John, 

Beck, Decatur, 

Boyle, William B.,.. 
Council, Thomas,. . . 

Clark, John J., 

Carr, Patrick, 

Durkin, James, 

Danbear, Henry, . . . 

Danber, Philip, 

Doughty, Thos. R.,. 
Davis, Isaac, W., . . . 
Evans, Thomas A.,. 
Farmaree, Nicholas, 
Farmaree, George, . . 

Foster, David, 

Fretzer, Taylor, . . . . 

Fitsel, Reed, 

Fleming, John 

Fress, George, 

Feihr, Charles, 

Frayer, William,. . . . 



Grismer, Cyrus, . . 
Gordon, John .... 
Gordon, George,.. 
Gothart, George, . 
Goley, Adam, .... 

Giles, John 

Gardner, Samuel,. 



2d. Lt.. 



1st. Sgt. 



Serg't . 
Serg't. 
Serg't 



Feb. 24, 186.5 



Feb. 10, 1865 



Feg. 
Feb. 
Feb. 



Serg't. 



. .Corp.. 
. .Corp.. 
. .Corp.. 
. .Corp.. 
Musician 
, Private 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private 
. Private 
. Private 

Private. 

Private 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private 

Private. 

Private 

Private. 



Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

Private. 
, Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 



Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb, 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 



Harwick, Philip,.. . 
Hervey, Leonard,.. 
Hunter, Thomas H. 



. Private. 
Private. 
, Private 



Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 



15, 
20, 

7, 



1865 
1865 
1865 



Feb. 7, 1865 



7, 
16, 

9, 

7, 
16, 
11, 
19, 

9, 
18, 
18, 
16, 
20, 
10, 
18, 
18, 
20, 

7, 
18, 
18, 
18, 

7, 
10, 
18, 
18. 
18, 

7, 
10, 
18, 
18, 
16, 
16, 

10, 

7, 

7, 

16, 

16, 

20, 

7, 



7, 
18, 
18, 



1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 

1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 



1865 
1865 
1865 



1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865 

1865! 1 

1865 1 

1865 1 



Commissioned 1st. Lieutenant, May 

16, 1865 — not mustered — mus. out 

with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Wounded in action. Mar. 27, 1865— com 

2d. Lt., May 16, 1865— not mus. mus. 

out, June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Discharged May 30, 1865, for wounds 

received in action, April 2, 1865. 
Discharged June 2, 1865, for wounds 

received in action, April 2, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Absent, on furlough, at muster out. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Died at Danville, Va., May 25, 1865. 
Mustered out-with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Killed at Petersburg, Va., April, 1, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865.. 
Mus. out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mus. out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Wd. April 2, 1865— disch. by G. O., June 

10, 1865. 
Mustered lut with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Died Apr. 27, 1865, of wounds received 
in action — buried in National Cem- 
etery, Arlington, Va., 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Deserted April 26, 1865 — returned — 
disch. by General Order, Sept. 26, 
1865. 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUNTEERS 



215 



NAME. 




DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Irwin, Calvin, A.,. . . . 

Jones, Charles F., 

Kroskey, James, M.,. 

Kettle, Alfred, 

Kinyan, William T., , 

Long, Robert, 

Laryon, George H., . 
Lengenfelts, George.. 

Leel, Leonard, 

Lake, David 



Lundestatt, Godfrey . 
Marshall, Samuel P.,. 
Marshall, Geo. P., . . . 
Myers, Henry C.,. . . . 
Morrow, Thomas P.,. 

M'Afee, John, 

Neal, John, 

Noll, John, 

Orr, John, 

Otterman, James L- . 



Renouf, John W., 

Rose, William H., 

Ritter, Samuel G., . . . , 
Ramsey, David M.. . , 
Robinson, Robert, ... 
Snyder, Conrad R., . . . 

Schutlz, Adam, 

Sutter, Samuel, 

Stuflfe, Christopher, . . 

Smith, Charles, 

Schleinbauch, George, 

Singley, William, 

Sweeny, Cyrenius, ... 

Scott, Charles, 

Shields, William, 

Tower, George, 

Welch, Samuel M.,... 
Wasmond, Jacob,. . . . 
Welch, Thomas P.,... 
Wensel, Frederick . . . 

Woods, Hiram, 

Weddle, Frederick,... 
Wolf, Christopher,.. . 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 



Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 



. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
.Private. I Feb. 
. Private. Feb. 



Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 



, Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 
, Private. 
, Private. 



Private. Feb 



Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 



Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 



19 


1865 


1 


16 


1865 1 


18 


18651 1 


18 


1865 1 


18 


1865' 1 


18 


1865 1 


18 


1865 1 


IS 


1865 1 


16 


1865 




18 


1865 




13 


1865 




7 


1865 




7 


1865 




16 


1865 




18 


1865 




18 


1865 




7 


1865 




20 


1865 




9 


1865 




18 


1865 




18 


1865 




18 


1865 




7 


1865 




18 


1865 




16 


1865 




20 


1865 




7 


1865 




10 


1865 




18 


1865 




18 


1865 




16 


1865 




18 


1865 




16 


1865 




11 


1865 




1 


1865 




18 


1865 




7 


1865 




9 


1865 




18 


1865 




16 


1865 1 


7 


1865 1 


16 


1865 1 


18 


1865 


1 



Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Discharged — date unknown — for wds. 

received in action, March 27, 1865. 
Deserted June 16, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Discharged May 26, 1865, for wounds 

received in action, April 2, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Absent, on furough, at muster out. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Discharged by G. O., June 25, 1865. 
Deserted June 28, 1865. 
Deserted February 28, 1865. 
Killed at Petersburg, Va., Apr. 2, 1865. 
Disch by General Order, June 24, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28. 1865. 
Discharged by G. O., June 27, 1865. 
Died at Annapolis, Md. May 30, 1865, 

of wounds received in action. 



216 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 



COMPANY I. 
RECRUITED AT PHILADELPHIA 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



George W. Mindil,. . . . 
Charles S. Green, 



Alfred Moylan,. 
Wm. R. Jones, . 



Rich. R. Lippincott, 



Samuel Long, 

Samuel P. Stewart, . . . 



Wm. A. Davis, 1st. Sgt. . 



Joseph C. Brown,. 
Edward J. Grant,. 

William Lindsay, . 

Henry W. Wise, . . 



Thomas A. Hicks, . 



Harry Anthony, . 



Robert, Caistairs,. . 
James M'Crudden,. 



William Davis, 

William Maitlack, . 



.Capt... 
, .Capt... 



1st. Lt.. 
1st. Lt.. 

1st. Lt.. 

.2d. Lt.. 
.2d. Lt.. 



Oct. 
Sept. 



Oct. 
Oct. 



20, 
20, 



1861 
1861 



1861 
1861 



Sept. 4, 1861 



Sept. 
Aug. 



Serg't . . 
Serg't.. 

Serg't.. 

Serg't.. 

..Corp... 



5, 
22, 



1861 
1861 



Sept. 4, 1861 



Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 



1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 



Sam'l. B. Thompson,. 



Attwood, Daniel, . . . 
Albertson, Levi B.,. 
Beman, John M., . . 



Bowman, Joseph,. 
Bellew, James, . . . 



.Corp... 

.Corp... 
.Corp... 

.Corp... 

.Corp... 



Sept. 4, 1861 



Sept. 4, 1861 



Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 



..Corp... 

, Private 
, Private 
, Private 



Branson, Samuel,. 



Private 
Private. 



1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 



Sept. 4, 1861 



Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 



Sept. 
Dec. 



, Private. 



1861 
1861 
1861 



1861 
1861 



Sept. 4, 1861 



Resigned October 6, 1862. 
Promoted from 1st. Lt. company H. 
to Captain, Oct. 7, 1862— transferred 
to company C. 
Died, July 8, 1862, of wounds received 

in action. 
Promoted from 2d. to 1st. Lieutenant, 
July 10, 1862, — resigned December 
6, 1862. 
Promoted Fr. Sgt. Maj. to 1st. Lt., 
Sept. 12, 1863— wounded at Spott- 
sylvania C. H., May 10, 1864 — mus. 
out, Sept. 3, 1864 — expiration of 
term. 
Promoted from 1st. Sgt. to 2d. Lt., 
July 10, 1862— dismissed June 8, 1863. 
Promoted from Sgt. company D. to 
2d. Lt., Nov. 22, 1863— mus. out. Sept 
3, 1864 — exp. of term. 
Mustered lut, Sept. 5, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Transferred to Vet. Res. Corps — date 

unknown. 
Killed at Charlestown, Va., August 

21, 1864. 

Wd. at Fort Stevens, Washington, D. C, 
July 12, 1864— mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 
— exp. of term. 
Wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862 — discharged on Siu-geon's cert. 
— date unknown. 
Killed at Spottsylvania C. H., May 12, 

1864. 

Killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 

Wounded at Winchester, Virginia, Sept. 

19, 1864 — not on muster-out roll — Vet 

Mustered out, Spet. 7, 1864 — exp. of 

term. 

Wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862 — disch. on Surgeon's certificate 
— date unknown. 
Mustered out, Spet. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Transferred to Co., C, Sept. 4, 1864— 
disch. — date unknown — for wounds 
received at Fisher's Jill, Va., Sept. 
21, 1864. 
Deserted December 12, 1863, 
Discharged for wounds received at Fair 

Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 
Deserted February 2, 1862. 



PENNSYLVANI A VO LUN TEE RS 



217 







DATE OF MUSTER 


(0 




NAME. 


RANK. 




_.^ 


1 


REMARKS. 






INTO SERVICE. 


e 




Caldwell, George, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862 — discharged on Surgeons, cert. 
— date unknown. 


Cockran, W. Henry, . , 


. Private. 


Dec. 


1, 1861 


3 


Wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., May 
12, 1864— transferred to Co., C. Sept. 
1864— Vet. 


Dick, Thomas B.,.. . .. 


. Private. 


Dec. 


1, 1861 


3 


Transf. to Co. C, Sept. 4, 1864— Vet. 


Deacon, Howard, 


. Private. 


Dec. 


1, 1861 


3 


Disch. for wds. received at Fair Oaks, 
Va., May 31, 1862. 


Disert, John 


Private. 


Dec. 


1, 1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Dubois, Robert, S 


: Private. 


Dec. 


1, 1861 


3 


Mustered out, Spet. 7, 1864 — exp. of 
term. 


Davis, William, 


. Private. 


Dec. 


1, 1861 


3 


Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, 
Nov. 21, 1861. 


Ennis, Isaac, H., 


. Private. 


Dec. 


1, 1861 


3 


Disch. on Surgeon's certificate — date un- 
known. 


Faust, Augustus 


.Private. 


Dec. 


1, 1861 


3 


Disch. for wds. received at Chancellors- 
viUe, May 3, 1863. 


Fisher, Joseph, 


. Private. 


Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Transferred to Co. C, Sept. 4, 1864.— 

Vet. 
Wounded at Chancellorsville, May 3, 


Farril, William, 


. Private. 


Dec. 


1, 1861 


3 












1863 — deserted — date unknown. 


Garvin, George, 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Transferred to company C, Sept. 4, 
1864— Vet. 


Garvin, Edward, 


. Private. 


Dec. 


1, 1861 


3 


Killed July 12, 1864. 


Hansen, Milton, 


Private. 


Sept. 


4, 1861 3 


Mustered out Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 


Haves, Thomas, 


.Private. 


Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Mustered out, Spet. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 


Haffren, Francis, 


. Private. 


Nov. 


27, 1861 


3 


Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 


HighhiU, Israel, 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Transferred to Co. C, Sept. 4, 1864— 

Vet. 
Disch. on Surg. cert. Nov. 21, 1861. 


Hayes, Robert E., 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Hurley, Redmond,.. . . 


. Private. 'Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Disch on Surg. cert. Mar. 21, 1862. 


Hamilton, George, .... 


.Private. Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Disch. on Surg. cert. Nov. 21, 1861. 


Huff, George W., 


.Private. Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Deserted October 9, 1861. 


Issamart, Chas. L, 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 


Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 


Jeffeirs, John 


. Private. 'Sent. 


4, 1861 
4, 1861 

4, 1861 
4, 1861 
4, 1861 
4, 1861 


3 
3 

3 
3 
3 


Disch. on Surg, cert — date unknown. 


Jones, William, 


. Private. 

. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
.Private. 


Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 


Trnasferred to Co. C, Sept. 4, 1864— 


Jones, Tobias 


Vet. 
Not on muster-out roll. 


Kline, Joseph, 


Killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 


Kline, William, 


Deserted — date unknown. 


Kennedy, Michael 


3 Discharged for wounds received at Fair 










Oaks, Virginia, May 31, 1863. 


Krep, George, 


, Private. 


Auff. 


1, 1861 

23, 1861 

4, 1861 


3 Deserted September 22, 1862. 


Lynch, George, 


.Private.lNov. 
Private. 'Sept. 


3 Not on muster-out roll. 


Lowe, John, 


3 Died June 5, 1862. 


Mahoney, Dennis, .... 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 Discharged for wounds received at Fair 
Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 


Millet, William, 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 1861 


3 Transferred to company C, Sept. 4, 




1864— Vet. 


Mills, John, 


. Private. Sept. 
. Private. Sept. 


4, 1861 


R Killed at Fair Oaks. Mav 31. 1862. 


Maxwell, Charles, 


4, 1861 3 Discharged Oct. 25, 1861— minor. 


M'Gittigan, F. C, 


. Private. Sept. 


4, 18611 3 Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864— expira- 








1 tion of term. 


M'Carter, John 


.Private S^nt. 


4, 1861 


3 Not on muster-out roll. 






1 







218 



SIXTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 



NAME. 



RANK. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



M'Callister, James, 
M'llravey, Andrew, 
M'Neight, William, 
Orton, James F.,... . 
Piatt, John J 



Powers, Richard, . . . 
Pope, Harrison W., 
Pidgeon, James, . . . . 

Rice, William, 

Rice, Felix, 



Riley, Benjamin, S. 
Sands, Nicholas, B.; 



Smith, WiUiam, . 
Snowden, James, 



Swain, Philip, 

Taylor, Joseph, . . 

Thompson, John, 

Willis, Frederick, . 
Wallace, James, . . 
White, Samuel,.. . 
Weaver, J 



York, James,. 



. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 
Private. 



. Private. 
Private. . 
. Private. 



Private. . 
. Private. 
.Private. 
. Private. 



Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Dec. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 



Private. 



1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 



Nov. 28, 1861 



Died of wds. rec. at Fair Oaks, Va., May 

21, 1862. 
Disch. for wds. rec. at Fair Oaks, Va., 

May 31, 1862. 
Transferred to Co. C, Sept. 4, 1864— 

Vet. 
Mustered out Sept. 7, 1864 — expiration 

of term 
Disch. for wds. rec. at Fair Oaks, Va., 

May 31, 1862. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 
Transferred to co. C, Sept. 4, 1864— Vet 
Deserted November 24, 1864. 
Discharged — date — unknown — minor. 
Disch. for wds. rec. at Fair Oaks, Va., 

May 31, 1862. 
Discharged on Surgeon's certi. Apr. 3, 

1862. 
Died July 26, 1862— bu. in Cypress Hill, 

Cem., L. I. 
Not on muster-out roll. 
Disch. for wds. at Fair Oaks, Va., May 

31, 1862. 
Mustered out, Sept. 7, 1864 — expira- 
tion of term. 
Transferred to Company C, Sept. 4, 

1864— Vet. 
Wounded — transferred to Co. C, Sept. 

4, 1864— Vet. 
Disch on Surg. cert. — date unknown. 
Disch. on Surg. cert. — date unknown. 
Deserted October 5, 1861. 
Killed at Wilderness —buried in Wilder- 
ness burial grounds, 
Disch. on Surg. cert. — date unknown. 



COMPANY I. 
RECRUITED IN ALLEGHENY CITY. 



Isaac Wright, ... 
William Graham, 
Frank Bowen,. . . 
John W. Calvert, 



G. W. M'Cutcheon, 
Geo. W. Dawson, 
James Mulvey, 
John Selfridge, 
James Ramsey, 
John L. Ralshouse 
John M'Clelland, 

Josiah Booth, 

Benjamin Calloway 
M. S. Morrow, 




1 Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
1 iMustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Disch. by S. O., June 3, 1865. 

Wounded in action, April 2, 1865 — com. 
2d. Lt., June 7, 1865 — not mus. — 
absent, at muster out. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Discharged by G. O., July 5, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



219 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



John Taggart, Corp.. . Feb. 17, 1865 

Thomas M'Kee, Corp... Feb. 17, 1865 

Breen, John Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Brilhart, Samuel, Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Beding, Benjamin Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Bennett, William. Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Cricks, Joseph, Private. 'Feb. 20, 1865 

Connohan, Thomas,. . . .Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Connihan,Charles, Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Carlin, John P., Private. Feb. 21, 1865 

Cornelius, James, Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Cowden, Clarence, Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Dickson, Thomas, Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Donald, James, Private. Feb. 18, 1865 

English, Wm. T., Private. Feb. 20, 1865 

Fogle, Daniel, Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Gourley, Alexander Private. Feb. 20, 1865 

Gray, Robert W., Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Gray, Thomas, Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Grundy, Francis A.,.. . .Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Green, Charles Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Grubbs, Joseph, Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Gray, Joseph, L., Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Gittings, George, Private. Feb. 20, 1865 

Gittings, Muchael, Private. Feb. 20, 1865 

Huchman, Samuel, Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Huchman, Newton, .... Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Hasley, Jacob, Private. Feb. 18, 1865 

Halsinger, Edmond,.. . . Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Heidelberg, C. E., Private. Feb. 20, 1865 

Jackson, William Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Jones, Wm. J., Private. Feb. 21, 1865 

Loughey, Wm. Private. Feb. 21, 1865 

Lovel, James, Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Lawson, George W Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Marshall, Thomas, Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Murphy, Wm. T., Private. Feb. 20, 1865' 

Mathews, Ebenezer, .. . Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Moiland, John, Private. Feb. 17, 1865[ 

M'Donald, James P.,.- Private. Feb. 20, 1865 

M'Curdy, James B.,. . Private. Feb. 20, 1865 

M'Laughlin, Isaac Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

M'Elheny, Lazarus Private. Feb. 20. 1865 



M'Cutcheon, John Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

M'Namme, B.. Private. Feb. 17. 1865 

M'Cutcheon, Jos.. Private. Feb. 20, 1865 

M'Cammon, Authur, . . Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Nevin, John S., Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Neely, John Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

Orris, Abraham,, Private. Feb. 17, 1865 

OHver, William Private. Feb. 17, 1865 



Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co. June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28k 1865. 

Discharged by G. O., June 13, 1865. 

Deserted June 13, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co.. June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Wounded in action, April 2, 1865 — disch. 
by General Order. June 23, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Prisoner, March 25, 1865, at Peters- 
burg, Va., 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Disch.— by G. O., June 30, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Deserted June 13, 1865. 

Wounded in action, April 2, 1865 — mus. 

1 out with Company, June 28, 2865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Company, June 28,' 
1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

! Taken prisoner March 25, 1865, at 
Petersburg, Va., 

Mustered out with co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Discharged by G. O., June 12, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 

Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 



220 



SIXTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



Pratt, Albert, G., 

Pickles, William, 

Pickles, Ambrose, 

Powers, John, 

Pat ton, Philip H.,. . . . 

Parkins, George, 

Purnell, James, 

Quinn, John, 

Ross, Isiah 

Ramsey, Heru-y, 

Rundel, James C 

Rose, Henry B., 

Redpath, Robert, 

Shirley, George, 

Stewart, Madison, ... 

Sweeny, Thomas, 

Stright, John H., . . . . 

Smith, Robert, 

Smith, William 

Smith, James, 

Sullivan, Timothy,. . . 

Thomas, Christ 

Tait, Frederick, 

Vanryn, John, 

Vanryn, Arie, 

Venn, Robert, 

Willoughby, Jonas,... 
Willoughby, Daniel,... 
Willoughby, Benj. . . . 

Wright, James, 

Wright, Alexander,... 
Whitsel, Cyrus, 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Privtea. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private 
. Private. 
. Private 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
. Private 
. Private* 



Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 



Private. Feb 



17 

18 

18 

17 

17 

17 

17 

18 

17 

17 

17 

17 

20 

17 

17 

17 

18 

17 

17 

17 

17 

20 

20 

17 

17 

17 

17 

17 

17 

17 

20. 

17 



1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 



Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co.,June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Died at Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Deserted February 25, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Died at Burksville, Va., April 14, 1865. 



COMPANY K. 

RECRUITED IN ALLEGHENY AND MERCER COUNTIES 



NAME. 


RANK. 


DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 


1 


REMARKS. 


Joseph Gerard, 


..Capt... 


Aug. 1, 1861 
Aug. 1. 1861 

Aug. 1, 1861 

Aug. 1, 1861 


3 
3 

3 

3 


Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 


Louis Hager .... 


..Capt... 


Promoted from 1st. Lieut, to Capt. 


David M'Clain, 


..Capt... 


May 31, 1862.— Resigned July 18, 
1863. 
Promoted to Sergt.— Maj. of Regt.— 


Augustus A. Hager,. . . 


1st. Lt... 


to 1st. Lieut. — to Capt. Mus. out 
Sept. 7, 1864, expir. of term. 
Promoted to 2d. Lt.— to 1st. Lt. 
Wounded at Wilderness May 6, 1864. 
Mus. out Aug. 10, 1864. 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



221 



NAME. 



DATE OK MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



REMARKS. 



John J. Benitz,.. 
Francis Schwab,. 



Jacob J. Grubbs, . 



Robert Brown, . . . 
Wm. F. Poorman, 

Christian Keller,.. 
Joseph D. Cox,. . . 



Augustus Isaac, ... 
Joseph P. Benedict, 
A. Decarme, 



Isadore Slansaur. 



Christian Grimm,. . , 
Alexander Morrow, . 
Wm. Holtzheimer, . 
David, H. Ford,.. . . 



John Kraeling, . 
Jacob Wentz, . . 



Osier, Michael,. 
Martin Hager,.. 



George Lentz,.. . . 

John Miller, 

Alveister, Henry, 



Baird, John, . 
Black, Jacob,. 



Barr, T. J., 



Becker, John, . . . . 
Beni, Borino, G., . 
Bernet, Joseph,. . . 
Beninsky, Henry, 

Bondi, John, 

Bodd, Adam, 

Bourin, James, . . . 
Burhardt, Jacob, . 



Christine, John, . 



2d. U.. 
1st. Sgt. 

1st. Sgt. . 



Serg't . 
Serg't. 



Serg't. 
. Serg't . 



.Serg't. 
Serg't . 
.Corp.. 



.Corp... 

.Cpr... . 
.Corp... 
.Corp... 
.Corp... 

.Corp... 

.Corp... 



. Corp. 
Musician 

Musician 

Team'tr 

Private 



Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

. Private. 
, Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

Private. 



Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 



Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 



1861 
1861 



1, 1861 



1861 
1861 

1861 
1861 



1861 
1861 
1861 



1, 1861 



1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1861 
1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 



1. 1861 



1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 



1, 1861 



Resigned Mar. 12, 1862.— Re-enlisted 

in 139 Regt Pa. Vol. 
Shot through thigh and wrist at Fair 

Oaks, May 31, 1862. Mus. out Sept. 

7, 1864 — expir. of term. 
Promoted to 1st. Sgt. Mar. 17, 1862. 

Wounded severely in right thigh at 

Fair Oaks, lying two days on battle 

field. Disch. for wounds so rec'd 
Promoted to 3d. Sgt. Mar. 17, 1862. 
Promoted to 4th Sgt. Mar. 17, 1862. 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — expir. of term 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — expir. of term. 
Wounded at Wilderness and sent to 

Philadelphia Hospital — Absent in 

hospital at muster out. Later disch. 

at Harrisburg. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — expir. of term. 
Promoted to .5th Sgt. Mar. 17, 1862. 
Wounded at Fair Oaks. May 31, 1862. 

Disch. vSet. 10, 1862. 
Wounded at Fair Oaks, Disch. Sept. 

29, 1862. 
Wounded slightly at Fair Oaks 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — expri. of ter. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — expir. of term. 
Promoted to Color-bearer, for gallantry 

at Fair Oaks, 
Wd. at Wilderness, May 6, 1864. Ab. 

at Mus. out. 
Died Oct. 30, 1864— bm-ied in Prospect 

Hill Cemetery, York, Pa., 
Promoted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1863. 
Sent sick to Hospital at Philadelphia. 

Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — expir. of term 
Disch. on Surgeon's Cert. Jan. 11, 1862. 
Trans, to Co. B. — date unknown. 
Wounded at Fair Oaks, disch. Sept. 

25, 1862. 
Wounded at Fair Oaks; Disch. Dec. ,5, 

1862. 
Wounded at Warwick, Va., Trans. 

to Co. B) . Missing .since Dec. 12, 

1862. 
Died at Andersonville, Ga., June 20, 

1864; grave 2,226. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 

Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 

Deserted, Dec. 31, 1862. 

Disch. for disability, Jan. 26, 1863. 

Trans, to Co. B. — date unknown. 

Disch. for disability— Sept. 30, 1863. 

Captured at Wilderness, May 6, 1864; 
paroled Oct. 10, 1862. Transferred 
to Co. B. — date unknown. 

Wounded accidentally, near Manassas, 
Sept. 1, 1862; deserted Sept. 20, 1862. 



222 



SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 



NAME. 



Costlow, Jeremiah,. 
Cricks, Joseph, .... 



Daniel, Jacob,. 
Deer, Joseph, . 

Ei, Andrew,. . . 



Eichler, Joseph, . . . 
Ertinger, WilHam, 
Espy, Jos. A., 



Faith, Philip,. 



Feller, Christian, . 
Ferrier, Francis, . 
Fichter, Jacob, . . . 



Guhring, John. 



Hanky, J. J.,. 
Hare, John,.. 



Henn, Hubert, 

Hoffman, Michael,.. 
Hubner, David, . . . . 
Huettle, August 



Isserman, Michael,.. 
Jenny, Jacob M. 



Jones, William J.,. 



Keck, J. M., 

Kim, Conrad, .... 
Kirchner, George,. 
Klier, John, 



Kleppsattle, Chas, , 
Koelsch, Joseph,. . . 
Kopp, John, 



Kraeling, August 

Kreps. Christopher... 

Kress, George, 

Krep, George, 

Lewis, J. K., 



Lindsay, John. 



List, William, . . . . 
M' Donald, John, . 



Private, 
Private 



Private. 
Private. 

Private. 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



Aug. 
Aug. 



Aug. 
Aug. 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

Private 
Private 
Private. 

Private 

. Private 
. Private 

. Private 
. Private 
. Private. 
. Private. 

.Private. 
. Private. 



Private 

Private 
. Private 
. Private 
. Private. 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 



Private 
Private 
Private 



Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 

Private. 

, Private. 
. Private. 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



Aug. 
Aug. 



1, 1861 
1, 1861 



1, 1861 
1, 1861 



Aug. 1, 1861 



1, 1861 
1, 1861 
1, 1861 



Aug. 1,1861 



1, 1861 
1, 1861 
1, 1861 



Aug. 1, 1861 



1, 1861 
1, 1861 

1, 1861 

1, 1861 

1, 1861 

1, 1861 



1, 1861 3 
1, 1861 3 



REMARKS. 



Aug. 1, 1861 



1, 1861 
1, 1861 
1, 1861 
1, 1861 

1, 1861 
1, 1861 
1. 1861 



1, 1861 
1, 1861 
1, 1861 
1, 1861 
1. 1861 



Aug. 1, 1861 



1, 1861 
1, 1861 



Trans, to Co., B. — date unknown. 
Wounded and captured Fair Oaks, 

May 31, 1862; paroled Aug. 6, 1862; 

wounded at Antietam, Sept. 18, 1862 

and disch. Jan. 16, 1863. 
Disch. Sept. 14, 1862. 
Missing after Fredericksburg, Dec. 12, 

1862. 
Wounded at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 

Disch— July 18, 1862; buried at Cy- 
press Hill Cemetery, Long Island. 
Disch for disabihty, Oct. 10, 1862. 
Disch. for disabihty. July 18, 1862. 
Wounded at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862; 

disch. July 17, 1862. 
Captured May 21, 1864; absent at 

mus. out. 
Disch. for disability. Mar. 20, 1862. 
Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864; expir. of term 
Wounded at Malvern Hill; July 1, 1862 

deserted Sept. 20, 1862. 
Lost arm at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862; 

disch. Dec. 8, 1862. 
Disch. for disability, Mar. 20, 1862. 
Died June 10, 1861, from wounds rec'd. 

at Fair Oaks. May 31, 1862. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 
Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 
Disch. for disabihty, Feb. 1, 1863. 
Wounded severely at Fair Oaks, May 31, 

1862; in hospital at Alexandria, 

Wounded severely at Fair Oaks, at 

Point Lookout, Md., Mustered out 

Sept. 7, 1864 — expir. of term. 
Wounded at Fair Oaks, in hospital 

at Philadelphia. 
Disch. for disability Dec. 27, 1861. 
Trasn. to Co. B. — date unknown. 
Disch. for disability. June 27. 1862. 
Mustered out. Sept. 7, 1864; expir. of 

term. 
Deserted Feb. 4, 1862. 
Trans, to Co. B. — date unknown. 
Wounded at Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862; 

prisoner May 21 to Nov. 25, 1864; 

mus. out Jan. 28, 1865; expir of term. 
Disch. for disability Mar. 20, 1862. 
Trans, to Co. B. — date unknown. 
Disch. for disability, Nov. 26, 1862. 
Trans, to Co. I. — date unknown. 
Died in Hospital at Richmond, Va., 

Feb. 20, 1862. 
Died in Hospital at Alexandria, Dec, 

1862. 
Disch. for disabihty, July 1862. 
Died in camp advance, of typhoid fever, 

Feb. 1, 1862. 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



223 







DATE OF MUSTER 


< 




NAME. 


RANK. 


INTO SERVICE. 


REMARKS. 


M'Dowell, H. C 


. Private. 


Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 


M'Dowell, Marman, . . 


. Private. lAug. 1 


1861 


3 




M'Kinley, James W.,.. 


. Private. 


Aug. 1 


1861 


3 




M'Guire, James 


. Private. 


Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Taken prisoner at P'air Oaks, May 31, 
1862; paroled. 


Mack, John, 


. Private. 


Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Disch. for disability, Feb. 1. 1863. 


Montgomery, David,.. 


. Private. 


Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Mus. ut Sept. 7, 1864 — expir. of term. 


MuUer, Adam, 


.Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — expir. of term. 


Neuer, Henry, 


Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Wounded slightly at Fair Oaks, May 
31, 1862; missing after August, 1862. 


Ochs, Hartman, 


.Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Missing after Sept. 2, 1862 


Pierson, Edward 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 


Phifer, Ernest, 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 




Poorman, J. H. C. 


, Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Sick in general hospital at Philadelphia, 
1862; trans, to Co. B. — date unknown. 


Reutter, John, 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Disch. for disability. Mar. 20, 1862. 


Ritz, John, 


Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864 — expir. of term. 


Roth, John,. 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Wounded severely at Malvern Hill, 






July 1, 1862. 


Roth, John Jacob, . . . 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Disch. for disability— Mar. 20, 1862. 


Schatz, Martin, 


Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Wounded at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 
disch. July 25, 1862. 


Schleirmacher, Chas... 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 




Schultz, Chas., 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 




Schroaff, John, 


. Private. jAug. 1 


1861, 3 


Deserted Oct. 2, 1861. 


Sein, Burkhardt, 


. Private. uAg. 1 


1861 


3 


Deserted Mar. 9, 1862. 


Senn, Peter, 


. Private.! Aug. 1 


1861 
1861 


3 
3 


Disch. for disability. 


Smidt, Charles, 


. Private. Aug. 1 


Died in camp, Dec. 7, 1861. 


Smerker, Henry 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Sick in general hospital at Philadelphia, 
1863. not on muster-out roll. 


Smeiser, David, 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Not on muster out roll. 


Smith, JuHus, 


.Private. (Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Detailed as nurse in regimental hospital. 


Stally, August, 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Woundedseverely and taken prisoner at 
Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862; paroled, 
not on mustered-out roll. 


Stiner, Christian, 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Not on muster-out roll. 


Victoria, Joseph, 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Detailed to drive pack mule • mus. out 
Sept. 7, 1864.— expir. of term. 


Volkert, Henry, 


.Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 


Volkert. John, 


. Private. !Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 


Wacker, George, 


Private. Aug 1 


1861 


3 


Mus. out Sept. 7, 1864— expir. of term. 


Wedekind, Christ 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 


Di.sch. for disability Mar. 20, 1862. 


Weger, John, 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 
1861 


3 
3 


Wounded at Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862. 


Werner, Englebart, . . . 


Private. Aug. 1 




Wentz, Jacob, 


. Private. Aug. 1 


1861 


3 




Wilson, James, 


.Private.; Aug. 1 


, 1861 


3 


Teamster for reg't. — mus. out Sept. 
7, 1864 — €xpir. of term. 


Wissman, Jacob, 


. Private. Aug. 1 


. 1861 


3 


Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 


Yost, Jacob, 


. Private. Aue. 1 


, 1861 


3 


Disch. for disability, Mar. 20, 1862. 











224 



SI XTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 



COMPANY K. 
RECRUITED IN ALLEGHENY CITY 



NAME. 



Henry Scriba, 

Jer. R. Murphy, 

Charles Weaver, 

James, N. M'Claren,. 
George Kimberly,. . . . 
Jackson, Prophater,.. 
Marshall D. Taylor,.. 

David Hill, 

William R. Owen,... . 

James Joyant, 

John Haines, 

Michael Clair, 

James Canaan, 

Charles Werneberg, . . 

Moritz Meyers, 

John W. Pell, 

Barb, John H., 

Barth, Henry, 

Bear, Daniel, 

Baker, Samuel, 

Blayney, John S.,. . . . 

Bly, George, 

Bowan, James A.,. . . 
Brown, William B., . . 

Brown, William, 

Clark, William H.,... 
Curgahr, Edmond, . . . 
Donald, William, .... 



DATE OF MUSTER 
INTO SERVICE. 



. .Capt. 
1st. Lt. 
2d. Lt. . . 
1st. Sgt. . 

Serg't . . 

Serg't.. 

Serg't . . 

Serg't . . 

.Corp... 

.Corp... 

.Corp... 

.Corp... 

.Corp... 

.Corp... 

.Corp... 

.Corp... 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private 

Private 

Private 

Private 

Private 

Private 

Private 

Private 



Donald, John, 

Dowling, Thomas, . . . 

Flynn, John, 

Firden, George, 

Ferguson, Albert, J.,. 

Grist, John, 

Hauff, Jacob, 

Hackett, Andrew,. . . . 

Hess, George, 

Hebling, Robert, 

Howlet, Michael, . . . . 
Hooley, Thomas, . . . . 
Hoffman, Henry H.,. 

Hunter, Samuel, 

Jomphrey, James,... . 

Jackson, Galord, 

Jones, Jonah J., 

Kaiser, Henry 

Kimberly, Frederick, 

King, John, 

Klinginsmith, I., 

Keonick, Alois, 

Kennedy, Henry, . . . . 
Kenyon, Samuel, . . . . 
Larizapah, John, 



Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 



Private. 
Private 
Private 
Private 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
Private. 
, Private. 
. Private. 
, Private. 
. Private 
Private. 
. Private. 
. Private. 
Private. 
. Private. 



Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Feb, 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Frb. 

Feb. 

Feb, 

Mar. 



25 
27 
24 
10 
10 
15 
28 
15 
15 
10 
3 

13 

11 

1 

7 

4 

13 

14 

11 

8 

15 

10 

10 

11 

22 

27 

11 

3 



28 

8 
15 

8, 
10 
11 

1 
10 

4 
10 

1 
28 
28 
11 



1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 



28. 1865 
10, 1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 



1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 



Resigned June 15, 1865. 
Resigned June 17, 1865 



REMARKS. 



1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 



Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Discharged by G. O., Juiie 13, 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Mustered out with Co., June 28 
Deserted June 15, 1865. 
Discharged by General Order, Junel7, 

1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Absent, sick, at muster out. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28. 1865 
Mustered out with Co 
Musterde out with Co 
Mustered out with Co 
Discharged by G. O., 
Discharged by G. O 



June 28, 1865. 

June 28, 1865. 

June 28, 1865. 

June 15, 1865. 

June 15, 1865. 



Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865 



PENN SYLVANI A VO LUN TEERS 



225 



NAME. 



DATE OF MUSTERJ 
INTO SERVICE. 1 



REMARKS. 



Loughner, Aaron, Private. 

Lindsey, Edward, Private. 

Lucker, John, Private. 

Luckert, Henry, Private. 

Matz, John Private. 

Miller, Albert Private. 

M'Clure, John 1 . Private. 

M'Guire, William, Private. 

M'Nichols, Patrick, .... Private. 

Park, Alexander, . Private. 

Patterson, Matthew, . .' Private. 

Pryor, Henry, ' . Private. 

Reed, George, 1 . Private 

Seymore, Louis, . Private. 

Sullivan, James, . Private 

Sheets, William, j . Private. 

Shearer, Wilbert, j . Private 

Springer, George I . Private. 

Stem, William D., Private. 

Strausburg, A., ^. Private. 

Sparman, Philip, | . Private, 

Steward, Alexander,. ... Private 
Simpson, Albert V.,.. . .Private. 

vS weeny, Peter, Private. 

Steiner, Samuel H., . . . . Private, 

Shook, William, Private, 

Thomas, John, Private, 

Trimble, Gibson, D.,. .tt Private 

Upperman, David Private 

Watson, Richard G.,... .Private 

Wickhine, Frank, Private 

Williams, James E-,. . . i . Private 
Young, John, . Private 



Mar. 


8. 


1865 


1 


Mar. 


11, 


1865 1 


Mar. 


10, 


1865 1 


Mar. 


10. 


1865 




Mar. 


10, 


1865 




Mar. 


10, 


1865 




Mar. 


3, 


1865 




Mar. 


8, 


1865 




Mar. 


11. 


1865 




Mar. 


22. 


1865 




Mar. 


15, 


1865 




Mar. 


4, 


1865 




Mar. 


/, 


1865 




Mar. 


10, 


1865 




Mar. 


8, 


1865 




iFeb. 


22 


1865 




'Mar. 


1, 


1865 




Mar. 


10, 


1865 




Mar. 


8. 


1865 




'Mar. 


8. 


1865 




Mar. 


4. 


1865 




iFeb. 


13, 


1865 




Mar. 


10, 


1865 




Mar. 


11, 


1865 




Mar. 


15, 


1865 




Mar. 


4, 


1865 


1 


Mar. 


8, 


1865 




Mar. 


11, 


1865 




Feb. 


27, 


1865 




Mar. 


15, 


1865 




Feb. 


27, 


1865 


1 


'Mar. 


/, 


1865 




Mar. 


28, 


1865 





Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Musteree out with Co., June 28. 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., Jjne 28, 1865. 
;Musteredout with Co.. June 28. 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
JDisch. by General Order July 14, 1865. 
JMustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Discharged by G. O., June 19, 1865. 
Discharged by G. O., August 14, 1865. 
i Discharged by G. O., July 10, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
iMustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
JMustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Deserted June 26, 1865. 
'Deserted June 14, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Discharged by G. O., June 14, 1865. 
Mustered lut with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co., June 28, 1865. 
Mustered out with Co.. June 28, 1865. 
Discharged by G. O., June 30, 1865. 
Discharged by G. O. June 23, 1865. 



INDEX. 



A Company Roster, 159; List of Brothers in, 169. 

Abercrombie, Brig. -Gen. John J., his reference to the 61st at Fair Oaks, 20; com- 
manded brigade including the 61st at Fair Oaks, 29; his compHmentary reference to the 
61st at Malvern Hill, 37. 

Allison, John E., Co. A, killed the rebel who killed Serg. Brady, 89. 

Antietam, Union losses at, interments in National Cemetery, 41. 
Army Corps, organized under Pres. Lincoln's War Order No. 2, 16-17. 

Army of the Potomac, its movements about Washington in Maryland and Vir- 
ginia in February and March, 1862, goes to the Virginia Peninsula, 17-18; marches 
from Hampton to Yorktown, 21; advances to Fair Oaks, 24; moves to Harrison's 
Landing, 39; moves to Yorktown taking transports back to Alexandria, 40-41; its 
losses at Fredericksburg, 46; its losses to and including Chancellorsville, 40-41; it 
marches from Stafford Heights to Gettysburg, 59-60-61; position of its several corps 
July 1, 1863, when the battle of Gettysburg began, 59-60; concentration of its corps, 
60-61; its losses at Gettysburg, 69; crosses the Rapidan moving in the Wilderness to 
Milne Run, 74-75; its strength on May 1, 1864, has five corps including the cavalry, 
its orders for beginning the campaign May 3rd and 4th, 1864, 80-81; its night march 
after Spottsylvania by the North Anna to Cold Harbor, 100-102; its losses at Cold 
Harbor, 103; crosses the James River, 103-104. 

Artillery Fire, first experiences under at Yorktown, 22; startling effects of at North 
Anna, 100. 

Ashbaugh, Andres, Co. H, killed at Fort Stevens, July 12, 1864, 108. 

B Company Roster, 170. 

Badges, adopted for each corps, explanation of, 58. 
Baird, Mrs. Henry Cary, in charge of Philadelphia hospital, typical of the city in intelli- 
gent devotion, 32. 

Bates' History, quotations from as to the 61st's losses. 27. 

Bates, Samuel P., his comprehensive reference to the battle of Gettysburg, 59. 

Bee, Daniel H., Co. A. great bravery of at the Bloody Angle fight, May 12, 1864, 
as volunteer artillerist, 93; wounded at Fort Stevens, losing a leg, 109. 

Bewley, Lieut., promoted to Captain of Co. G, 130; recommended by the division 
commander for promotion to the rank of Brevet Major for gallantry Apr. 2, 1865, at 
Petersburg, 135. 

Blair, Frank L., Co. F, his thrilling description of the rebel attack on the Union 
right on the evenings of May 6, 1864, in the wilderness, 85-86. 

Bloody Angle, terrific fighting at, from dawn May 12, 1864, until 3 A. M., the 
next day, 92-93; relics of in Military Museum, Washington, Minie balls met in air, 99. 

"Bloody Lane," at Antietam, description of, 41. 

Bowen, Phihp, Co. A, killed at Fort Stevens, 108. 

Brady, Serg. Lemuel, Co. A, killed in night fight at Spottsylvania Court House, 



89. 
44. 



Brewer, Serg. A. T., detailed to go to Harrisburg and bring recruits to the regiment, 



Bridges across the Rappahannock, how they were constructed under fire, 51-53. 

Brown, 1st. Lieut. F. M., Co. A., killed May 6, 1864, in the wilderness, 87. 
Buchanan, 1st Serg. William L., Co. A., wounded at Fort Stevens while in command of 
the Company, losing an arm, 108-109. 

Burnside, General Ambrose E., successor of Gen. McClellan, his standing in the 
Army of the Potomac, moves that Army to the Rappahannock River opposite Fredericks- 
burg, 45; is succeeded by Gen. Joseph Hooker, Pres. Lincoln's letter on the subject, 49. 

C Company, Ro ter 176. 

Caldwell, Lieut. John Co. F., captured at Spottsylvania, 90; commanded the 
regiment after the wounding of Maj. Crosby at Fort Stevens, 109; incident relating to 
John Ellis of Co. A., 109. 
Casey, Gen., positions of his division at Fair Oaks, 28. 

Cedar Creek, battle of, 121 ; surprise of part of the Union Army by the rebels, hard 
fighting for five hours, Sheridans arrival on the field, Union victory, 121-129; union 
losses at, 129. 



228 SIXTY-FIRST REGI MEN T 

Chancellorsville, battle of. Union troops under Hooker unsuccessful, 55-57. 

Charlestown, battle near, August 21, 1864, 114. 

Chickahominy River, the 61st arrives there, strength of the Union and Confederate 
Armies, May 25, 1862, 23. 

Christian Commission, its great service in the Union Army, 76-77. 

City Point, headquarters of Gen. Grant, 131-132. 

Clothing, suggestive lists of received by the Army at Antietam, 43. 

Cochrane, Gen. John, commanded brigade at Antietam to which 61st belonged, 42. 

Cofhn, Charles Carlton, his description of Pickett's charge at Gettysburg, 65. 

Cold Harbor, battle of, 101-102. 

Comte De Paris, his interesting reference to the battlefield of Antietam, 31; his 
description of the battle of Malvern Hill and the seven day's fight, 38. 

Confederacy, The Southern, its restricted area in Spring of 1865, its two great 
armies under Lee and Johnston, 131. 

Confederate Armies, in Virginia and North Carolina in the Spring of 1865, 132; 
retreat of from Petersburg, April 3, 1865, when it surrendered, 141. 

Coon, Color Serg., wounded April 2, 1865, in charge at Petersburg, 135. 

Couch, Gen. D. M., Division Commander, leads the 61st into the Fair Oaks battle, 
his encouraging coolness, 24; his official report concerning important service of the 61st 
at Malvern Hill, 36-37. 

Creps, Capt. Jacob, though wounded joins and commands part of the second line 
at Fair Oaks, with others, 25. 

Crosby, Maj. John W., promoted to Lieut. -Col., 75; wounded May 5, 1864, in 
the wilderness, 82; Wounded at Fort Stevens, 107; his picture opposite page, 130; 
killed Apr. 2, 1865, in charge at Petersburg. 134. 

Curtin, Andrew G., war governor. 11. 

Cyphers, Lieut. Chas. M., becomes Captain of Co. F, 129. 

D Company Roster, 184. 

Davis, Lieut. A. B., formerly of Co. A., later Co. G, went over the rebel works 
April 2, 1865, at Petersburg with the colors ahead of all others, 135; 

Davis, Confederate President Jefferson, receives knowledge of evacuation of 
Petersburg and that he must leave Richmond, while at Episcopal Church, he leaves 
Richmond the same day, the city being occupied by Union troops the next morning, 141. 

Dawson, Major, afterwards Lieut. -Col., Geo. W., led the 61st in charge at Marye's 
Heights, 54-55; Resigns, 75. 

Dawson, Serg. Geo. W., Co. I., formerly Major of the regiment, r3commended for 
honorable mention for bravery, Apr. 2, 1865 at Petersburg, 135. 

Dunker Church, Antietam, ihe 61st in front of, its trying experiences, 41. 

E Company Roster, 190. 

Early, Rebel Gen. Jubal A., his forces opposing Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, 
113. 

Ehis, John, Co. A., noted bravery at Fort Stevens where he was killed, 109. 

F Company Roster, 197. 

Fair Oaks, battle of May 31st-June 1st, 1862, forces engaged, positions of Union 
Army, 24; the second hue at, as described by Gen. Webb, 26; losses of the 61st at, 27-28; 
wounded from reached Northern hospitals receiving tender care, 31-32; Army of the 
Potomac remains at until the Seven Days battle, malaria and other diseases among 
the soldiers, 32-33. 

Fisher, Sergt. Jos., brave conduct at the charge at Petersburg protecting the 
colors, Apr. 2, 1865, being wounded, received a medal of honor, 135. 

Fisher's Hill, battle of, brilliant victory with small loss, 118. 

Flags, history of those carried by the 61st P. V., 157. 

Ford, Private David H., Co. K, rescues the colors at Fair Oaks and is promoted, 26. 

Fort Lyon, the 61st aided in building, 13-14. 

Fortress Monroe, the 61st lands there in March 1862, scenes in Hampton Roads, 
number of McClellan's Army, 20. 

Fort Steven?, suburgs of Washington, battle at. May 12, 1864, 106. 

Fox, Col. Wm. F., quotations from his Regimenatal Losses"", 27. 

Franklin, Gen. W. B., praises brigade to which ,61st belonged at Antietam, 42. 

Fredericksburg, battle of Dec. 13, 1862, repulse of the Union Army with severe 
losses, 45-48; second battle of in the Chancellorsville campaign, 53-55. 

G Company Roster, 204. 

Garvin, Edward, Co. I, killed at Fort Stevens, 108. 

Gerard, Capt. Jos., Co. K, killed at Fair Oaks, 27. 



PENNSYLVANIA VO LUN TEERS 229 

Gettysburg, campaign and battle of, 59-69; location made famous by hard fighting 
during the battle, 67; Union and Confederate losses at the battle of, great number of 
general officers lost on each side, 69. 

Glenn, Serg.-Maj. W. J., afterwards Captain, his description of the death of Col. 
Rippey, 29-30; commanded the 61st in the Charlestown fight after the death of Reden- 
baugh until wounded, 114; his death Aug. 27, 1908, great loss to the organization, 157. 

Gordon, Rebel Gen. Joh.T B., his description of the fight with the 61st and other 
Union forces at Fair Oaks, 21). 

Grant, General, U. S., report of his victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, 
his suggestive initials, 16; established headquarters with the Army of the Potomac, 78; 
in charge of all Union Armies, 80; his description of the battle of the Wilderness, 87-88; 
his "Fight it out on this line" letter May 11, 1864, 92; under artillery fire at Spottsyl- 
vania, 97; his regret because of the last assault at Cold Harbor, 99; at Appomattox, 
states ternis on which he will accept surrender of the Rebel army of Northern Virginia, 
130. 

Greene, Cap. Chas. S., commanded the 61st after Capt. Glenn was wounded, 114; 
while commanding the 61st at Opequon was wounded losing his right eye and having 
his jaw fractured, 118. 

H Company Roster, 209. 

Hancock, Gen., commander of the 2nd corps, his great charge on the morning of 
May 12, 1864, at the Bloody Angle, 92. 

Harper, Lieut., Geo. F., Co. B, mortally wounded in charge on Marye's Heights, 

57. ' , , 

Harrison's Landing, 61st arrives at July 2, 1862, hardships of a day s battle and a 
night's march in the rain, 39. 

Hays, Col. Alexander, 63rd. P. V., 13. 

Highhill, 1st Serg. Israel, recommended for medal for bravery at Petersburg, Apr. 
2, 1865, 135. 

Hooker, Gen. Jos., appointed commander of the Army of the Potomac, his review 
of the Army with President Lincoln, 49-50; position of his army in front of Fredericks- 
burg, number of men and guns, his corps commanders, beginning of his Chancellorsville 
campaign, Apr. 28, 1863, 51 ; succeeded in command of the Army of the Potomac by 
Gen. Meade, June 28, 1863, 60. 

Houghton, Maj. A. C, his description of the early morning fight at Opequon. 
Sept. 19, 1864, 116. 

Howard, Gen. Or O., lost an arm at Fair Oaks, 30. 

Humphreys, Gen., his account of the Bloody Angle fight, 94. 

I Company Roster, 216. 

Irwin, Col. Richard B., his brilliant description of Gen. Sheridan's arrival at 
Cedar Creek, 110. 

Jackson, Gen. Stonewall, his brave and skillful attack on the Union Army at Chancellors- 
ville, 55-56. 

Tames River, long bridge across at Windmill Point, 104; historic region between Cold 
Harbor and Petersburg, 104. 

Jamison, Gen. Chas. D., first brigade commander, 13, great distinction of his three 
regiments, 61st, 63rd, 105th, all original colonels killed in the month of May, 14-15. 

Johnston, Gen. J. E., commander of Rebel forces defending Richmond, his plan 
to crush the Union forces at Fair Oaks, and Seven Pines, his attack May 31st 1862 
bringing on the battle of Fair Oaks, 23-24. 

K Company Roster, 220. 

Keyes, Gen. E. D., his references to the 61st at Fair Oaks, 28-29. 

Kilpatrick's Raid, in which the 61st took part, the movements described, 76. 

Koerner, 1st Lieut. Eugene C, Co. B., mortally wounded in the Wilderness, 87. 

Laughlin, Lieut. Wm., Co. B., Killed at Fort Stevens, 108. 

Lee, Rebel Gen. Robert E., commander of the Confederate forces at Fredericksburg, 
position 'and strength of his army, 51; at Appomattox, Apr. 9, 1865, surrenders the 
Army of Northern Virginia to Gen. Grant, 130. 

Light Division, formed Feb. 3, 1863, to which the 61st belonged, the selection 
being a compliment, 48; discontinued May 11, 1863, 58. • t • 

Lincoln, Abraham, frontispiece; visited the Army at Harrison's Landing, his 
unique appearance and great popularity, 39; issues his famous Emancipation Proclama- 
tion, visits the Army after Antietam, 43; his letter appointing Gen. Hooker to command 
the Army of the Potomac, 49; his review of the Array in front of Fredericksburg, grotes- 



230 SI XTY-FIRS T REG I MEN T 

que appearance, sadness of expression, 49-50; his congratulations to Gen. Sheridan 
Sept. 20, 1864, 110. 

Malvern Hill, battle at, experiences of the 61st, its losses, 35-40. 

Marye's Heights, captured by assault May 3, 1863, description of the movement of 
the 6th corps, 55. 

Matthews, Serg. John C, Co. A, bravery in rescuing and carrying flags in the 
assault at Petersburg, Apr. 2, 1865, has honorable mention in the report of division 
commander and recommendation for promotion, holds a medal of honor, 134-135. 

Matthews, Private Milton, Co. C, commended for bravery at Petersburg by the 
division commander, 135. 

McClellan, Gen. Geo. B., commander of the Army of the Potomac, 17, is removed as 
commander of the Army of the Potomac, estimate of him by the soldiers, 43-44. 

McCoy, S. W., Co. A, wounded at Fort Stevens, 109. 

Mclntire, H., killed at Fort Stevens, 108. 

McGowan, Rebel Gen. his account of the Bloody Angle fight, 94. 

McKnight, Col. A. A., 105th P. V., 13. 

Meade, Gen. Geo. G., commanded the Union Army at Gettysburg, 60; his general 
order complimenting the 6th corps for its brave charge at Rappahannock Station, 70; 
retains command of the Army of the Potomac under Gen. Grant, 80. 

Merrimac, wrecks produced by, battle with the Monitor. 20. 

Miller, Adj. W. Gibson, detailed to bring recruits to the regiment, 44. 

Mine Run, campaign of and battles, 74-75. 

Mitchell, Private Theodore, recommended for medal for bravery Apr. 2, 1865, 
at Petersburg, having captured a battleflag, 135. 

Monitor, "The Cheesebox," battle with the Merrimac, 20. 

Moore, Alexander, Co. A., mortally wounded at Fort Stevens, 108. 

Moot, Martin, Co. A, volunteered to help man a battery at Spottsylvania, May 
12, 1864, and was killed, 93. 

Moylan, 1st Lieut. Alfred, Co. I, killed at Fair Oaks 27. 

Mt. Vernon, marched to that place late in Autumn of 1861, 15. 

Mud March, Jan. 1863, experiences of the 61st in, 47. 

Murdock, Jas. E., recites "Sheridan's Ride," Nov. 1, 1864, at Pike's Opera House, 
Cincinnati, 129. 

National Cemetery at Antietam, interments at, significance of numbers compared with 
the killed, 41. 

Neill, Gen. Thos. H., commands the brigade to which the 61st belonged at Gettys- 
burg, and subsequently, 59-75. 

North Anna River, positions at, description of that part of Virginia with various 
creeks and rivers, 100^101. 

"Numbers and Losses in the Civil War," quotations from indicating Fair Oak's 
losses, 28. 

Ohio Cavalry, brave charge of the 2nd regiment Sept. 19, 1864, at Opequon, 116 
Opequon, battle of, Sept. 19, 1864, positions of the contending forces, 115-118; 
Orr, Capt. Robert L., afterwards Col., commands part of the 2nd line at Fair Oaks, 
25-26; promoted to Major, 75; wounded in charge Apr. 2, 1865, at Petersburg, his gallant 
conduct recognized by recommendation for promotion to Col. 135; is officially com-" 
mended by the division commander, 135; his statement concerning the flags of the 
regiment, 135; his detailed description of the charge at Petersburg, Apr. 2, 1865, 135-140; 
his address at Richmond, May 30, 1884, 146; his picture opposite page, 154. 

Palfrey, Gen. F. W., his impressive statement concerning the Battle of Fredericks- 
burg, 45. 

Parsons, Serg. Oliver A., afterwards Major, captured at Fair Oaks having heard 
no order to retire, 25; his description of the killing of five men in Company D by the 
bursting of one shell, 90; recommended for promotion to the rank of Major by 'the 
division commander for great gallantry at the charge, Apr. 2, 1865, at Petersburg, 135. 

Peninsula of Virginia, description of, 18; historic places and events, 18-19. 

Pennsylvania, patriotism of the people, quotas more than filled, 12. 

Petersburg, Va., captured by the Union Army, Apr. 3, 1865, 141. 

Philadelphia, "The City of Brotherly Love," boundless generosity toward the 
wounded soldiers from Fair Oaks, 31-32. 

Pickett, Rebel Gen., his famous charge at Gettysburg, 65-66. 

Pollock, 1st Lieut. John, Co. A., killed at Fair Oaks, 27. 

Pond, Geo. E., description of Fort Stevens' fight, 108. 

Pope, Gen. John, his unsuccessful campaign and defeat at Second Bull Run, 40-41. 



PENNSYLVANIA VO LUN TEE RS 231 

Porter, Gen. Horace, his graphic description of the Wilderness battlefield, 79; 
his description of the Bloody Angle fight, 95. 

Price, Lieut. Isaac N., mortally wounded at Charlestown, Aug. 21, 1864, 114. 

Prophater, Lieut. Jas. W., Co. C, mortally wounded at Spottsylvania, 98. 

Rappahannock Station, charge of the 6th Corps at, and capture of the place, 
73-74; number of prisoners, 74-75. 

Read, T. Buchanan, author of the poem entitled "Sheridan's Ride," 129. 

Redenbach, Capt. Lewis, Co. B, mortally wounded while in command of the 61st 
at Charlestown, 114. 

"Regimental Losses," quotations from indicating great distinction of the 61st, 27. 

Rhodes, Serg., afterwards Capt., Sylvester D., Co. D, awarded medal of honor 
for distinguished gallantry at Fisher's Hill, 118. 
Rigor Mortis, instances of at Antietam, 42. 

Rippey, Col. Oliver H., commissioned July 24, 1861, 11; his services in the Mexican 
war, good soldier, patriot citizen, eloquent speaker, first colonel of the 61st, 11-12; his 
eloquent speech on receiving regimental flag, 15; his picture opposite page 16; killed at 
Fair Oaks, 27. 

Robinson, Capt. Wm. O. H., mortally wounded in the Wilderness, 87. 

Rowland, Serg. B. F., Co. A, volunteered to help man a battery at the Bloody 
Angle, May 12. 1864, and was killed, 93. 

Ryan, Serg., Co. H, detailed to proceed to Harrisburg and bring recruits, 44. 

Scott, 1st. Lieut. Wm., Co. B, killed at Fair Oaks, 27. 

Sedgwick, Gen. John, took command of the 6th Corps, Feb. 4, 1863, 48; plans and 
executes successful assault on Marye's Heights, 53-54; his reference to the gallantry of 
the 61st, 55; his battle at Salem Church and withdrawal across the Rappahannock in the 
face of overwhelming numbers, 55-56-57 ; reference to march of his corps to Gettysburg, 
61-62; his ride along the line of the 6th Corps preparatory to the night attack, 89-90; 
was killed the morning of May 9, 1864, at Spottsylvania Court House, other generals 
of his rank killed in battles during war, 90. 

Seven Days Battle, June 25th-July 1, 1862, hard experience s for army, 33-36. 

Seven Pines, the left of the Union position at Fair Oaks, 24-25. 

Seville, Serg. Jos. description of his death in the Wilderness, 82. 

Seward, Secy, of State, reviews the army with President Lincoln and Gen. Hooker, 
his white stockings, 49. 

Shaler, Gen. Alexander, his great bravery at the charge on Marye's Heights, 54-55. 

Shenandoah, Valley, military operations in, and Union defeats, 112. 

Sheridan, Gen. Philip H., commander of Union Cavalry, displays great ability, 
103; appointed to command the Shenandoah Valley forces, his brilliant record and 
great talents, 111-112; movements of his army in the Shenandoah Valley, 
is attacked by the enemy Aug. 21, 1864, 114; is visited by Gen. Grant to whom he 
communicated his plans, receiving orders to "go in," 116; at Opequon, his first battle as 
an independent commander, well planned and victorious, 117-118; wins a brilliant vic- 
tory at Fisher's Hill, moves his army up the valley after Fisher's Hill to Harrisburg, 
118; his army retires to Cedar Creek having a cavalry fight at Tom's Brook, 118-119; is 
ordered to Washington for conference his army being commanded by Gen. Wright, 
120-121; his return Oct. 18, 1864, to Winchester, 123; his ride from Winchester to 
the Cedar Creek battlefield, marvelous influence over the troops, Union defeat in the 
morning followed by victory in the afternoon, ride along the Infantry line before the 
attack in the afternoon, number of troops in the afternoon attack, 125-126-127; his 
march from the Shenandoah Valley to Petersburg in March 1865 with 10,000 cavalry, 
132; his movements against the right of the Confederate Army and victory at Five 
Forks, Apr. 1, 1865, his part in the campaign in pursuit and capture of the Rebel Army 
at Appomattox, 132-143. 

"Sheridan's Ride," poem by T. Buchanan Read, 129. 

Sherman, General W. T., driving the Rebels in North Carolina toward Petersburg, 
131. 

Sixth Corps, On Sept. 26, 1862, the 61st with Cochrane's Brigade, Couch's Divi- 
sion, became a part of the celebrated organization remaining with it, until the war ended, 
42; its separate battles at Marye's Heights and Salem Church, 53; its losses in two 
battles, 57; its night march of 34 miles from Manchester to Gettysburg, July lst-2nd, 
1863, 61-63; its numbers and composition at Gettysburg, 62; incidents and hardships 
of the march, 62-63; insufficient water on the line of march, its arrival on the Gettysburg 
battlefield, its part in the battle and various positions along the line, 62-63-64; refer- 
ences to its separate movements and distinguished services, 71; the troops composing it 
May 1, 1864, 81; its support of the 2d Corps at the Bloody Angle May 12, 1864, incom- 
parable bravery of the men, 92; 3rd division sent to Baltimore, 1st and 2nd divisions go 
to Washington, 105; its fight at Fort Stevens, Washington, with President Lincoln a 



232 SIXTY-FIRS T REGI MEN T 

spectator, 105-106-107; pursues the defeated rebels after Fort Stevens, various trying 
marches and counter-marches in the hottest weather, 110-111; its unrivalled battle 
at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 1864, 122-129; its charge Apr. 2, 1865, on the rebel works at 
Petersburg, description of the movement by Gen. Wright, 133-134; its losses in fifteen 
minutes in the charge Apr. 2, 1865, at Petersburg, 141. 

Sixty-first Regiment, Roster of field and stafT, 159; regiment recruited in August 
1861, B, C, E, F and K in Pittsburgh, A in Indiana County, the regiment left Pittsburgh, 
Sept. 1, 1861, going to Washington by way by way of Harrisburg and Baltimore, camped 
on Capitol Hill in Washington receiving arms and uniforms, visited informally by Gen. 
Scott, experiences of new soldiers in Washington, 12; first marches from Capitol Hill 
to Alexandria, list of field officers of the first brigade to which the regiment belonged, 
character of the men, 13; its consolidation with the 23rd P. V., arrangement mutually 
satisfactory, 16, assigned to Graham's Brigade, Couch's Division, Keys' Corps, 17; 
its march from Hampton to Yorktown, 21-22; experiences in the siege, moves to 
WilHamsburg, May 4th-5th, 1862, battle at the latter place, 22-23; its great battle 
at Fair Oaks, its position, "A Forlorn Hope," Col. Rippey killed, Lieut. -Col. Spear 
wounded, Maj. Smith captured, the regiment without field officers maintains struggle, 
24-25-26; its losses at Fair Oaks, 27-30; its renown gained at Fair Oaks, 30; Exper- 
iences in the Seven Days fight, 33-36; Malvern Hill, 35-40 ;Harrison's Landing, 39; some 
companies held election of officers to fill vacancies, 1st Serg. F. M. Brown, being elected 
and Corporal Isaac N. Price 2nd Lieut, of Co. A, both being fine officers, the former 
1st Lieut., killed in the Wilderness and the latter at Charlestown, help to fortify at 
Harrison's Landing, 39-40; its movement from Harrison's Landing to Yorktown, thence 
by water to Alexandria, 39-40; its march out to Centerville and other points with the 
Army to reinforce the returning troops of Gen. Pope, 40-41 ; its return to Alexandria 
and march to Antietam, being in Gen. John Cochran's Brigade of Couch's Division, 
the regiment at Antietam, 41 ; after Antietam moved to Sharpsburg and Williamsport, 
engaged at the latter place and losses, 42-43 ; its march up the Potomac to Clear Springs 
and Hancock, 43 ; the march from Downsville to Thoroughfare Gap, 43 ; its march to the 
Rappahannock River opposite Fredericksburg and experiences in the battle of Fred- 
ericksburg, December 12tli-13th, 1862, 45-48; its losses in the battle of Fredericksburg, 46; 
its experiences in the Mud March, 47; its non-commissioned officers receiving appoint- 
ments on parchment at Belle Plains in 1863, 48; has ranks recruited and is in fine spirits 
in the Spring of 1863, 50; its distinguished part in the charge on Marye's Heights, May 
3, 1863, 53-54-55; losses of the 61st at Marye's Heights, 57; returns after Marye's 
Heights and Salem Church battles to its former camp at White Oak Church, 58; its 
part in the battle of Gettysburg, the four separate positions occupied by it in the line, 
the last being Wolf's Hill, 64; itspursuit of the enemy July 5, 1863, with its brigade, its 
march diagonally across the battlefield from Wolf's Hill, scenes at the Wheatfield and 
other points, is in the front lines of pursuit until the Rebels crossed the Potomac July 
12th-13th, 1863, 69; returns after the Gettsyburg campaign to Virginia with the 6th 
Corps and incidents of the march, 70-71; its experiences on the Rapidan River in Oct. 
1863, 72; its march with the Army back to Centerville, its marches and counter-marches 
through that part of Virginia with the Army, 72-73 -74 ; strips in zero weather for charge 
at Mine Run, 75; promotions and changes in field officers, 75; its part in Kilpatrick's 
Raid, 76; its winter quarters and experiences 1863-4, at Brandy Station and in that 
vicinity, 76-77; its march from Brandy Station to the Wilderness May 4, 1864, and 
hard experiences in that battle, 81-98; its position and part in the battle May 5, 1864, 
being with Neill's Brigade on the extreme right of the Union line, sanguinary fighting 
with heavy losses, incidents of the conflict, 82; the men of fired one hundred rounds 
apiece May 5, 1864, in the Wilderness, 82; its losses in the Wilderness, 82-83-84; its 
fight at Spottsylvania Court House May 8th, 9th, 1864, 89-90; its part in the Bloody 
Angle fight at Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864, 92-93; various descriptions of that figh , 
93-94-95; movements against the rebels after they left the Bloody Angle, illustrative 
incidents on the lines, 96-97; its enormous losses at Spottsylvania, only fifteen regiments 
in the Army lost as many men ; 98, its marches by way of North Anna and other points 
to Cold Harbor, severe trials, 101-102; its losses at Cold Harbor, 103; its march across 
the James River to Petersburg, 103-104-105; its services at Petersburg June 18, 1864, 
104-105; its notable part in the battle of Fort Stevens as one of the assaulting regiments 
driving the enemy away, 106; its losses at Fort Stevens, 108; list of officers and men 
killed at Fort Stevens, 108-109; its experiences after the battle of Fort Stevens in hot 
and apparently aimless marches in Virginia and Maryland, 110-111 ; its fight at Charles- 
town, Aug. 21, 1864, its losses, 114; members whose term expired and who did not re- 
inlist left the Army Sept. 3, 1864, 115; description of the marches of retiring men to 
the rear, 115; the regiment reduced to a battalion under command of Capt. Chas. S. 
Greene, movements of the regiment until Sept. 19, 1864, 115-116; its part in the battle 
of Opequon and losses, 118; its rough experiences at Cedar Creek, is commanded 
first by Capt. Taylor, killed, second by Capt. John Barrett, Co. G, killed, the command 



PENN SYLVAN I A VO LUN TEE RS 233 

then devolving upon 2nd Lieut. John W. McClaj\ Co. C, wounded, the command then 
devolving on 2nd Lieut. Chas. H.Bewley, the only remaining commissioned officer in 
the regiment, losses of the 61st at Cedar Creek, 129; received ISO recruits after the 
battle at Cedar Creek, raising the battalion to seven companies, 130; returned to Peters- 
burg, experiences during the winter of 1S64-5, on Mar. 2, LSd.'j, received 300 recruits 
from Allegheny County forming three new companies, H. L and K, making full regiment, 
131; battle at Petersburg, Mar. 2.5, 1865, the 61st having four killed, fourteen wounded, 
131; its thrilling part in the charge Apr. 2, 1865, at Petersburg, 134-135, its losses in 
Petersburg charge 134; its part in the Appomattox campaign, Apr. 3rcl-6th, 1865, rapid 
marches in the mud to final victory, its honor in being selected to present to Gen. Meade 
the flags captured by the 6th Corps, complimentary address of Gen. Meade to the 
regiment, 144-145; movements of the 61st after the surrender of Lee and ultimate 
arrival in Washington, June 2, 1S65, is mustered out June 28, 1865, list of field officers 
then present, 145; ignorant of its own fame until Alay 1888 when its official record 
was first published, 146; its standing among the 2000 regiments in the Union Army 
being No. 1 in officers killed in battle, No. 11, in greatest loss in any one battle. No. 15, in 
greatest aggregate killed during the war. No. 16 in greatest loss at Spottsylvania, 147; 
astonishing number of officers killed or mortally wounded while leading the regiment 
in battle, no less than 12 appearing in the list, 147; motto of each commander was 
"Come On Boys," 147; list of officers killed or mortally wounded in battle, 148; killed 
and wounded in each company, 149; total number of men in the regiment, 149; losses 
of the regiment by deaths from every cause, total being over 1000, necessary absence 
of official figures from Adjutant General's office at Washington, 150; reunion of the 
regiment at Fair Oaks, 1884, list of soldiers present, 151-152; at Spottsylvania, May 
12, 1887, Sedgwick's monument, 153-154-155; at Gettysburg July 24, 1888, dedication 
of regimental monument, inscriptions, 155-156; list of members of the 61st receiving 
honors, 156; at Pittsburgh, Jan. 16, 1908, regimental organization, list of officers, 157; 
history of its flags and some inscriptions thereon, lost no flags but captured several, 
performed every assigned duty, 157-158. 

Smith, Maj. Geo. F., 16; displayed great ourage in the Wilderness battle, 82. 

Sobbee, Walter, Co. G, wounded at Fort Stevens, 109. 

Spear, Col., Geo. C, 16; killed at charge on Marye's Heights May 3rd, 1863, a 
brave and efficient officer, 54-55; his picture opposite page, 50; 

Spottsylvania Court House, battles at 89-98; hard fighting at on May 10, 1864, 91. 

Stanley, Wm. H., Co. A, wounded at Fort Stevens, 109. 

Stewart, John, Cd. A, volunteered at the Bloody Angle to help man a battery 
receiving five wounds, 93. 

Stevens, Historian of the 6th Corps, his description of that corps at Gettysburg, 63; 
his description of Cedar Creek battle and the arrival of Gen. Sheridan, 125-127-128. 

Sumner, Gen., his timely arrival and bravery at Fair Oaks, 26-27. 

Taylor, Capt. David J., Co. D, assumed command of the 61st after the wounding 
of Capt. Greene, 118; Killed at Cedar Creek, 128. 

Tom's Brook, "Woodstock Races," cavalry fight at with infantry as spectato s, 
119. 

Union and Confederate losses at Malvern Hill and in the Seven Days' battles, 
38-39. 

Union Armies in Virginia and North Carolina in the spring of 1865, 132. 

Upton, Col. Emory, his famous charge and promotion to Brig. -Gen. on the spot, 91. 

Vermont Brigade, affectionate devotion of the 61st for that heroic organization, 
70-71; the "Green Mountain Boys," dealing with rioters, 71. 

Virginia, description of that part of the state between the Rapidan a"nd the James 
Rivers, 77. 

Wade, Miss Jennie, her death at Gettysburg battle while making bread for the 
soldiers, her burial by the Women's Relief Corps, 67-68. 

Walker, James M., information from his diary, its accuracy, 27; his description of 
the Mud March and bridge made of dead mules, 47; incidents described by him in the 
pursuit of the rebels after Gettysburg, 69; quotations from his diary about the battle 
at Charlestown, 114. 

Washington city, the 61st camped there on Capitol Hill, 11-12. 

Washington, Geo., ready to volunteer, 11. 

Waynesboro, generosity of her people to the victorious Union Army after Gettys- 
burg, 69. 

Webb, Gen. his statement regarding Fair Oaks, 29. 

Wheatfield, at Gettysburg, scene of terrific fighting, 68. 



234 SI XTY-FIRST REGIMENT 

White House, on the Pumunkey River, wounded from Fair Oaks shipped by water 
from, steamer Louisana with wounded lands in Philadelphia June 12, 1862, generosity 
and sympathy of that ci'y, thousands of people gather at the wharf to render aid, 
uncovering as the wounded are carried by, 30-31-32. 

White Oak Tree, cut off by musket balls at the Bloody Angle, 94-95. 

Wilderness, battle of, 81 ; description of the region, 82-83. 

Williamsburg, battle of, the 61st arrives on the field, 22-23-24. 

Williamsport, engagement of the 61st at, 42-43. 

Wilson, Adj. G o. W., killed in the night at Spottsylvania Court House, 89. 

Wise, Henry W., Co. I., wounded at Fort Stevens, 109. 

Wolf's Hill, left of the Union Une at Gettysburg, occupied by the 61st with 
other troops, 64. 

Work, Calvin, Co. C, volunteered to help man a battery at Bloody Angle, May 12, 
1864, and was killed, 93. 

Work, J. Harvey, Co. A, wounded at Fort Stevens, 109. 

Wright, Gen. Horatio G., commanded first division 6th Corps at Gettysburg, his 
reference to the engagement, 63; on the death of Sedgwick, May 9, 1864, succeeded to 
the command of the 6th Corps, 91 ; his description of Pres. Lincoln under fire at Fort 
Stevens, 99; commends bravery of the troops in the fight at Charlestown, 114. 




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